Vascular eognitive impairment (VCI) is a large class of syndromes from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, which are caused by the cerebrovascular risk factors (eg, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipemia), obvious (eg, cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage) or unobvious cerebrovascular diseases (leukoaraiosis and chronic cerebral ischemia). Accurate early diagnosis provides the best treatment opportunity and slows down the progress of the disease. In recent years, the research on VCI has made a great progress. This article reviews VCI from the aspects of the etiology, clinical manifestation, neuropsychology, imaging, neuroelectrophysiology, biomarkers, and diagnostic criteria.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of nimodipine in treating cognitive impairment of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and the value of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in CSVD.Methods:A total of 80 patients with CVSD and cognitive dysfunction who admitted to Suzhou Municipal Hospital from February 2018 to February 2019 were selected, and the patients were divided into control group (40 patiengts) and observation group (40 patients) by random number table method. The control group received basic treatment and donepezil, and the observation group added nimodipine on the basis of control group. All patients were followed up for 12 months. Before treatment, 6 months after treatment and 12 months after treatment, the patients’Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) score, daily living ability scale (ADL) score, and Tinetti balance and gait analysis(TGA) were recorded. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), homocysteine (Hcy) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) before and after treatment were recorded. The changes of DTI data before and after 12 months′ treatment in the two groups were recorded.Results:The MoCA score, ADL score, and TGA score of the two groups were higher than those before treatment and at 6 months and 12 months after treatment, and those 12 months after treatment were higher than those at 6 months after treatment. There were significant differences ( P<0.05). The MoCA and ADL scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group at 6 and 12 months after treatment at 6 months: (24.61 ± 2.54) scores vs. (22.21 ± 2.83) scores, (71.53 ± 6.25) scores vs. ( 69.51 ± 6.81) scores; 12 months: (26.39 ± 2.16) scores vs. (23.76 ± 2.64) scores, (78.39 ± 5.76) scores vs. (72.39 ± 6.12) scores, P<0.05. At 6 months and 12 months after treatment, the visual space and execution ability, delayed memory, and orientation scores were higher than those before treatment, and in the observation group 12 months after treatment was higher than those 6 months after treatment: (5.97 ± 1.37) scores vs. (5.36 ± 1.29) scores, P<0.05. The observation group′s visual space and executive ability, abstract thinking, delayed memory, and orientation score were higher than those in the control group at the same period ( P<0.05). The levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, Hcy and hs-CRP of the two groups after treatment for 6 and 12 months were lower than those before treatment, and the levels of these index at 12 months after treatment were lower than those at 6 months after treatment ( P<0.05). The levels of Hcy and hs-CRP in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 12 months after treatment, and Hcy was lower than that in the control group at 6 months after treatment ( P<0.05). After treatment, the fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the center, frontal lobe, and parietal lobe of both sides of the two groups were higher than those before treatment, and the difference in the observation group before and after treatment was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). After treatment, the mean diffusivity (MD) values of both frontal lobe and parietal lobe of the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the difference between the observation group before and after treatment was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Nimodipine has a good effect on the treatment of CVSD, which can effectively improve the patients′ cognitive impairment and other symptoms. DTI can sensitively sense the white matter integrity and cerebral blood flow perfusion of patients, which has a positive significance for the prevention and treatment of CVSD.

Objective To observe the changes of extracellular matrix(ECM) production and hypertrophy of glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs) induced by high glucose(HG),and the inhibitory role of myriocin(ISP-1).Methods GMC cultured with normal glucose(5.6 mmol/L D-Glucose,NG),HG(25.2 mmol/L D-Glucose) and HG plus ISP-1(100 mg/L) for different durations(0,24,48,(72 h)).The sizes of GMC were indicated by forward scatter intensity,measured by flow cytometery,and the levels of fibronection(FN),collagen Ⅳ(Col Ⅳ),laminin(LN),precollagen Ⅲ(Pcol Ⅲ) and hyaluronic acid(HA) in the supernatant of cultured GMC were detec-(ted) by ELISA.Results Compared with NG,HG could induce GMC hypertrophy(P

Objective To investigate the influence of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on the adhesive and invasive ability of gastric cancer cells based on the expression of adhesive and invasive molecules. Methods With an artificial CO2 pneumoperitoneum model in vitro, human gastric cancer cells MKN-45, SGC-7901 and MKN-28 were exposed to 3 different CO2 gradients: 9 mm Hg, 15 mm Hg and control group (0 mm Hg). The expression of E-cadherin, ICAM-1, MMP-2 and VEGF-A were measured at 2 and 4 hours exposure by using RT-PCR, CytoMatrixTM kit and ECMatrixTM kit. The pretreated gastric cancer cells were injected into abdominal cavity of nude mice(2×106 cells per mouse). Five mice in each group were sacrificed 4 weeks later to record the number of tumor nodules in abdominal cavity. The remaining mice were kept for observation of survival time. Results The expression of E-cadherin (MKN-45: from 2.26 to 2.19, SGC-7901 :from 2.16 to 2.09、MKN-28 :from 2.06 to 1.99), ICAM-1 (MKN-45 : from 2.20 to 2.28、SGC-7901: from 2.10 to 2.18、MKN-28: from 2.00 to 2.08), MMP-2 (MKN-45:from 2.05 to 2.13、SGC-7901: from 1.95 to 2.03、MKN-28: from 1.85 to 1.93) and VEGF-A(MKN-45 : from 2.10 to 2.16、SGC-7901 :from 2.00 to 2.06、MKN-28: from 1.90 to 1.96) didn't change significantly with increasing pressure and time (P>0.05). The expression of adhesive and invasive molecules didn't change significantly between the experimental groups and the control group. There was no statistical significance of tumor metastasis in abdominal cavity of nude mice(MKN-45:from 22 to 23、SGC-7901 :from 20 to 22、MKN-28:from 21 to 22) and survival time(MKN-45 :from 23 to 21、SGC-7901 :from 22 to 21、MKN-28 :from 22 to 21) among all the groups. Conclusion Under low pressure and short time of CO2 exposure, the adhesive and invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells did not change significantly hence did not increase the possibility of neoplasm metastasis.

Objective To study the nutritional evaluation and clinical effects of perioperative enteral nutrition (EN) versus parenteral nutrition support (PN) in elderly patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma.The safety,feasibility and superiority were also compared between EN and PN.Methods Totally 50 cases (aged 65 years and over) undergoing gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma in Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Beijing Hospital were recruited and divided randomly into two groups of EN and PN (25 cases for each).NRS2002 nutritional assessment scoring system was used to evaluate the patients.The patients in EN group were given Rui Su at 2 d before surgery,then Wei wo,Bai pu li and Rui su were sequentially given from 12 h after the surgery.The patients in PN group were received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via central venous for 7 days.Results The average absolute lymphocytes[(1.22±0.23) ×109/L and (1.31±0.27) ×109/L vs.(1.02±0.21) × 109/ L and (1.14 ± 0.23 × 10)9/L],pre-albumin[(151.442± 48.15) mg/ L and (167.38± 46.23) mg/ L vs.(115.22 ± 47.34) mg/L and (131.27 ± 43.58) mg/L] and transferring [(1.71±0.33)g /L and (1.83±0.31)g/L vs.(1.50±0.32)g/L and (1.65±0.32)g/L,all P＜0.05] levels after surgery of 3 d and 7 d in EN group were higher than those of PN group (P＜0.05).The CRP levels at 3 d and 7 d after surgery were increased in PN group compared with EN group [(63.71±35.26)mg/L and (41.58 ± 22.55)mg/L vs.(54.26±29.13)mg/L and (18.12 ±14.35)mg/L,P＜0.05].The blood sugar and insulin levels of EN group at 3 d and 7 d after surgery were (5.93±1.12) mmol/L and (5.61± 1.03)mmol/L,(6.72±5.14) U/L and (6.21±2.63) U/L,which were decreased compared to PN group (8.31 ± 2.62) mmol/L and (8.85 ± 2.92) mmol/L,(12.81±7.26) U/L and (15.21±8.24) U/L (P＜0.05).ALT in the PN group was (38.43±18.37) U/L at 7 d after surgery,higher than EN group (23.91± 14.82) U/L(P＜0.05).The perioperative average costs of EN group was (2714.5± 1391.7) yuan,lower than PN group (5041.6± 3007.7) yuan (P＜0.05).For the patients complicated with delayed gastric emptying after surgery,nutrition cost reduction was more evident.There were no significant difference between the two groups of patients in the liver and kidney function changes and postoperative complications.Conclusions It is safe and feasible for elderly gastric cancer patients with perioperative EN sequential therapy in view of its reduced stress response of surgical trauma and insulin resistance,improvement of hyperglycemia,reduction of medical costs compared with PN for elderly gastric cancer patients.

Objective To investigate differences between Han and Uyghur children in dyslexia prevalence and potential environmental risk factors as well as to provide diagnosis and treatment evidence for dyslexia children . Methods We used cluster sampling to recruit 2 854 students in grades 3~6 from five Uyghur -Chinese bilingual primary schools in Xinjiang province .The children with dyslexia were selected step by step according to the defini‐tion of ICD-10 and DSM -IV .The children with DD and children without DD were selected and compared by 1∶1 of the same class ,ages and genders .Then single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to as‐sess children'environmental risk factors .Results In total ,2 438 effective quostionnaires have been got .The difference between Han (3 .89% ) and Uyghur (7 .05% ) dyslexia prevalence was statistically significant .The factor analysis revealed that educational grades ,family income ,father's and mother's occupations ,and their education levels as well as some home literacy environmental factors were significantly different for the two groups of children with dyslexia (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The prevalence of dyslexia was high in both groups ,and especially for Uyghur children . Some environmental factors may be responsible for the differences noted ,especially for the occupation of mother .

Objective To investigate the feasibility,safety and efficacy of laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) for elderly patients with gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).Methods 54 cases with GIST aged 65 years and over in Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery in Beijing Hospital from Dec.2008 to Dec.2012 were selected.31 cases underwent LECS and 23 cases underwent open surgery.Clinical data including operation time,intraoperative blood loss,complications,tumor size,length of incision,postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery time,postoperative in hospitalization and follow up data were retrospectively analyzed in patients.Results There were 17 males and 14 females in the LECS group,and the mean age was (72.8±5.9)years.29 patients underwent laparoscopic-assisted partial gastrectomy,and 2 cases underwent laparoscopicassisted endoscopic dissection in LECS group.All operations were successful with no conversion to open surgery and death.There were 13 males and 10 females in the open surgery group,and the mean age was(73.3±6.1)years.The mean operation time was longer in LECS group than in open surgery group [(120.6±32.8) min vs.(86.3±33.5) min].The mean intraoperative blood loss,mean tumor size,mean length of incision,mean time of gastrointestinal function recovery,mean postoperative hospitalization were less or smaller in LECS group than in open surgery group [(40±23.4) ml vs.(130±65.6) ml,(2.3±1.2)cm vs.(3.6 ±1.8)cm,(3.6±1.1) cm vs.(14.4±3.5) cm,(47.7± 10.4)h vs.(61.4±11.9)h,(5.1±2.3)d vs.(7.2±2.5)d,respectively,t=3.192,1.831,5.212,2.014,3.519,P=0.002,0.012,0.000,0.015,0.001].According postoperative tumor risk assessment,13 cases were at very low risk,15 cases at low risk and 3 cases at middle risk in LECS group; 4 cases were at very low risk,14 cases at low risk and 5 cases at middle risk in open surgery group.The risk degree was lower in LECS group than in open surgery group (x2 =5.63,P=0.017).During a follow-up of 5 53 months,death without GIST was found in 5 patients in LECS group and 4 cases in open surgery group.Hepatic metastasis was found in 1 case in open surgery group.Conclusions LECS is a safe and feasibility alternative approach for elderly patients with gastric GISTs.It has more minimal invasion,fast recovery and satisfaction with short term outcomes as compared with conventional open surgery.

Objective To compare the performance of high‐throughput ELISA and ECLIA in the determination of carcinoembry‐onic antigen (CEA) .Methods The CEA concentration of serum samples were respectively determinate by high‐throughput ELISA and ECLIA ,and the results were compared .Results Two kinds of detection methods could both accurately reflect the concentration of serum CEA .There was no significant difference between the results of two methods (P> 0 .05) .Within the linear range ,the CEA result of high‐throughput was correlate closely with that of ECLIA (r=0 .922 8 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion High‐throughput ELISA can accurately detect the serum CEA concentration .

Objective To verify the application of anterior segment perfusion culture and trabecular meshwork (TM) organ culture for glaucoma study. Methods TM tissue was cultured by perfused anterior segment and TM organ culture, light microscopy was used to observe the TM cells and intercellular spaces.Results IOP of the porcine anterior segments perfused under constant flow at 0.1 mL/h could bekept in normal range(10～12 mmHg). The IOP was elevated with the increasing of perfusion rate, while the morphology and structure of the tissue were well preserved. TM cultured by TM organ culture could also reserve the tissues well, but the intercelluar spaces collapsed. Conclusion Anterior segment perfusion model could be a short-term high-pressure model and may simulate the normal physical state. Adequate perfusion was necessary for normal TM.

Objective To analyze the statistical correlation between 25-hydroxyl vitamin D and bone metabolism parameters in-cluding parathyroid hormone(PTH),N-terminal osteocalcin (N-MID),calcitonin(CT),bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP),and dis-cuss the significance in clinical diagnosis,prevention and treatment.Methods 411 cases of hospitalized patients were collected from January to September in 2014,including 316 women,95 men,age arranged from 37 to 96,the average age was(69.29±12.21).Use electro chemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA)method to detect the levels of 25-hydroxyl vitamin D,PTH,N-MID,CT,and BALP in hospitalized patients and explore the relationship of 25-hydroxyl vitamin D and serum bone markers in osteoporosis pa-tients.Results It was showed that vitamin D and PTH,BALP were negative correlation(P <0.05);There was no significant corre-lation between calcitonin and N-terminal osteocalcin(N-MID)(P >0.05 ).Regression analysis showed that regression equation for vitamin D and blood bone markers was:Y =19.02-0.066PTH-0.09BALP.Conclusion There was some correlation between 25-hydroxyl vitamin D and PTH,BALP in patients with osteoporosis.By taking a combination test of these markers,it can provide some basic data for clinical osteoporosis diagnosis,prevention and control.