Objective To systematically review the effect of dietary and physical activity interventions on weight management during pregnancy.Methods The PubMed (from Jan.1990 to Sep.2013),Springer (from Jan.1960 to Sep.2013),Willy (from Jan.1990 to Sep.2013),Web of Science (from Jan.1990 to Sep.2013),Wanfang data (from Jan.1995 to Sep.2013),China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (from Jan.1995 to Sep.2013)were searched for relevant articles.All published randomized controlled trails (RCT) on dietary and physical activity interventions during pregnancy were considered.The quality of RCTs was appraised and data were extracted by 3 reviewers independently.Meta-analysis were conducted by RevMan 5.2 software.Results In total,eleven RCTs were included in this review.Meta-analysis revealed that dietary and physical activity intervention significantly reduced incidence of cesarean section and macrosomia;However,there were no statistically significant differences in the total gestational weight gain.Conclusions Interventions based on dietary and physical activity during pregnancy appears effective in reducing incidence of cesarean section and macrosomia.However,there are many limitation of the Meta analysis,therefore more multi-center,large sample with high quality RCTs are required for future verification.

AIM: To establish HPLC for determination of 2,3,5,4′tetrahydroxystilbene-?-O-?-D-glucoside in Radix polygoni multiflori preparata. METHODS: The column was diamonsil C_(18)(5 ?m,4.6 mm?250 mm).The mobile phase was CH_3CN-CH_3OH-H_2O(10∶20∶70) and ?=320 nm.The flow rate was 1.5 ml/min. RESULTS: The linearity was in the range of 0.0253-0.3542 ?g.The average recovery and RSD were 99.34% and 0.49%,respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,precise and reproduciable and can be used for determination of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-?-O-?-D-glucoside in Radix polygoni multiflori preparata effectively.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Female ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Nerve Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Nerve Regeneration ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Cholesteatoma ; diagnosis ; Ear, Middle ; Humans ; Otitis Media ; diagnosis

Objective To investigate the gait differences among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment(AD-MCI) and the person with normal cognitive function,and analyze the reasons for the abnormal gait.Methods Eighty patients were included and divided into 3 groups according to the cognitive status:noncognitive impairment (NCI group,n =30),patients with mild cognitive impairment (AD-MCI group,n =29),Alzheimer's disease (AD group,n =21).The mini-mental state examination (MMSE),the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA),Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-R),the connection test (TMT-A),Digit Span Test(DST),activities of daily living questionnaire(ADL) and associated gait and balance scale (5 times sit to stand test (FTSTT),3 m walking test (TUG),Berg balance scale) were used to evaluate all research objects in each group.Results There were significant differences in NCI group compared with AD-MCI group and AD group in terms of FTSTT,TUG,Berg balance Scale and leg speed((9.59±2.39) s vs.(13.71±4.65) s vs.(14.15±4.20) s,(7.70±1.58) s vs.(11.13±3.02) s vs.(11.35±4.43) s,(54.20±1.56) points vs.(48.17±4.93) points vs.(48.10±5.46) points,(82.12±22.79) cm/s vs.(57.49± 14.89) cm/s vs.(57.70±14.68) cm/s;P＜0.05).There were significant differences in NCI group compared with AD-MCI group and AD group in terms of MMSE,MoCA,ACE-R,TMT-A,DST((28.67±1.27) points vs.(26.76±2.59) points vs.(21.86±5.29) points,(26.03±2.58) points vs.(22.39±5.05) points vs.(16.90±5.05) points,(85.80±5.90) points vs.(78.03±7.58) points vs.(60.95± 13.99) points,(12.66±5.36) s vs.(18.99 ± 11.46) s vs.(30.49±26.98)s,(18.60±4.64) points vs.(15.94±4.76) points vs.(12.86±5.23) points;P ＜0.05).Conclusion Gait disorder might be an early sign for cognitive impairment.

Objective To investigate the immunogenicity of group A plus group C meningococeal glycoconjugate vaccine,namely dosage,immune memory and compatibility. Methods The mice were injected with group A plus group C meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccine with different dosages. Blood samples were taken on the 14th day after the last injection for testing the antibodies against polysaccharide A and C. After the optimal immunization dosage had been decided,the mice were inoculated separately with the monovalent group A and the monovalent group C and the bivalent group A plus group C glycoconjugate vaccine with one,two or three injections for observation of the effectiveness of different injections and the compatibilities. Results The dosage of 1.25 μg of each polysaccharide of group A and group C in bivalent glycoconjugate vaccine appears to be immunologically optimal to vaccinate the mice. Immunological memory could be induced in mice inoculated with the glycoconjugate vaccine,and the antigenic immunogenicity of the group A component and group C component in the formulation of group A plus group C meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccine was not affected. Conclusion Group A plus group C meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccine have good immunogenicity,immune memory and compatibility.

BACKGROUND:Recombinant fusion protein is cascaded by staphylokinase and hirudin according to the thrombin cognition sequence, and has double functions and a molecular weight of 23 ku. The recombinant fusion protein can be highly expressed in the engineering bacteria at high-density fermentation. OBJECTIVE:To construct and purify recombinant staphylokinase-hirudin fusion protein in the engineering bacteria after high-density fermentation, and to explore the feasibility of construction and the expression value. METHODS:The engineering bacteria were cultured at high density and staphylokinase-hirudin fusion protein was induced to express. The bacteria were centrifuged and ultrafiltrated after repeated freezing and thawing. The supernatant was colected with ion exchange chromatography method. The staphylokinase-hirudin fusion protein was isolated and purified, then the fibrinolytic activity and expression in bacteria were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The engineering bacteria were cultured and the fusion protein was induced at 17 hours. The results showed that, staphylokinase-hirudin fusion protein expression was detected at 0.5 hours after induction, and the expression levels were increased as the fermentation time; at 20 hours, the expression level reached the peak. The dried weight of the bacteria was 32.20 g/L and the expression level of target proteins was 1.48 g/L. After purification, the purity of recombinant staphylokinase-hirudin fusion protein was as high as 98%, fibrinolytic activity was about 2.6×104 IU/mg, the probability of activity recovery was 56%. The purification process of recombinant staphylokinase-hirudin fusion protein is convenient, less time, repeatable and alows large-scale production.

Objective To investigate the effects of anticardiolipin antibodies positive serum from patients with recurrent pregnancy loss on the proliferation of BeWo cells as well as the modulation of heparin on the growth of BeWo cell.Methods Thirty patients with recurrent pregnancy loss whose anticardiolipin antibodies were positive and thirty healthy women with a history of term delivery were selected.Their sera were separately added to BeWo cell culture systems which contained either heparin or not.After 24 hours, the PCNA and 490 nm A value were detected by immunofluorescence and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT),and the proliferation of BeWo cell was evaluated.Results In the culture systems with heparin and normal serum,normal serum,heparin and serum with positive autoantibody,serum with positive autoantibody,the mean fluorescence gray scale values of PCNA were 34.8?3.1,33.8?1.8,33.4?2.2 and 25.1?2.3,the 490 nm A values were 0.0560?0.0033,0.0535?0.0024,0.0524?0.0027 and 0.0350?0.0040,respectively.Conclusions The serum with anticardiolipin antibodies from patients with recurrent pregnancy loss can influence the prospective potency of BeWo cell,inhibit cell proliferation in vitro.Through this direct effect on biological behaviour of the trophoblastic cell,it will lead to recurrent pregnancy loss,whereas heparin can increase the ratio of pregnancy by reversing such effects in those patients.

Objective To explore the effect of fluoride and arsenic pollution on bone metabolism in exposed population. Methods One hundred and fifty-two fluoride and arsenic exposed people were selected from Jiaole village, Yuzhang town, Xingron county, Guizhou province in 2006, and 59 not exposed people from Daguoduo village 13 km away from Jiaole village were selected as control. Urinary fluorine(UF), urinary arsenic (UAs), urinary hydroxyproline (UHYP), cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (UNTX) and bone strength index(STI) were detected. Results The main effect of fluoride on UHYP and UNTX were statistically significant (F = 9.785, 4.225, P < 0.01 ), but was not significant on STI(F = 0.183, P > 0.05). The main effect of arsenic on UNTX was statistically significant (F = 2.660, P < 0.05 ), but was not significant on UHYP and STI(F = 2.012, 0.183,all P > 0.05). The interaction between fluoride and arsenic on UNTX was statistically significant (F= 2.429, P <0.01), but was not significant on UHYP and STI(F= 1.218, 1.001, all P> 0.05). Conclusions Fluoride exposure can affect the metabolism of collagen and bone resorption, and Arsenic exposure main affect bone resorption, fluoride and arsenic co-exposure have more significant effect on bone resorption. UNTX may be used as biological biomarker of bone metabolism for population co-exposed to fluoride and arsenic in health monitoring.

Background Allograft rejection is a main cause of failure of penetrating keratoplasty,especially in the patient with high risk of rejection condition.Previous study on allograft rejection mechanism focused on limbal and corneal neovascularization,but these factors did not explain all the phenomena of allograft rejection.Research found that immune cells appeared in iris and ciliary body when rejection occurred,but the relationship between these immune cells and allograft rejection is unclear Objective This study was to evaluate the relationship between diversity of vascular permeability in the iris and ciliary body and allograft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty.Methods Seventy clean eight-week-old BALB/c mice were divided into allogeneic corneal transplantation group (60 mice) and blank control group (10 mice).Allogeneic corneal transplantation was performed with the same age of C57BL/6 mice as donor and BALB/c mice as the recipients.The grafts were examined under the slit lamp microscope and scored based on the criteria of Hegde.The mice were sacrificed and iris and ciliary tissue were obtained 5,10 days and rejection after surgery.Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was used respectively to detect the expression diversities of occludin,zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),major histocompatibility complex-Ⅱ (MHC-Ⅱ),and CCR5,CCR7 and their mRNA in iris and ciliary body.Image-J image analysis software was used to calculate the quantity of positive cells on iris wholemount,and absorbance of target genes (A values).The use and care of the experimental animals complied the ARVO Resolution on the Use of Animals in Research.Results The mean survival time of corneal gratts was (17±3) days after operation.The mean score was 0.6 in 5 days and 0.5 in 10 days,and 3.3 in 18 days after operation.Expression of ZO-1 reduced significantly,and that of MMP-9 increased obviously at the time of rejection.MHC Ⅱ + cells were scattered in iris and ciliary body in normal mice,and the number of the positive cells (cells/field) was increased after operation with a peak value when rejection occurred.A significant difference was seen between normal mice and rejection mice (1559.67±350.29 vs.4021.83±495.18) (P=0.000).The expressions of occludin mRNA and ZO-1 mRNA in the iris and ciliary body decreased obviously in the rejection mice.Compared with normal mice,theA value of ZO-1 and occluding were 36.74±3.13 vs.110.11±11.88 and 57.54±3.41 vs.59.90±3.50respectively,with significant differences between them (all P＜0.05).The expressions of MMP-9 mRNA,CCR5 mRNA and CCR7 mRNA in the iris and ciliary body increased gradually with the time lapse after operation and peaked when the rejection appeared.The A value of MMP-9 mRNA,CCR5 mRNA and CCR7 mRNA were significantly higher than those of normal mice (20.29±1.19 vs.2.77±0.85 for MMP-9 mRNA; 35.43±2.56 vs.9.11±0.29 for CCR5 mRNA,and 60.83±0.87 vs.0.89 ±0.95 for CCR7 mRNA) respectively (all P＜0.05).Conclusions The permeability of vascules in the iris and ciliary body increase during the allograft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty.Increased antigen presenting cells were also detected.