Bleeding Time ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; Humans ; von Willebrand Diseases ; diagnosis

China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Humans ; Listeria monocytogenes ; physiology ; Listeriosis ; epidemiology ; Serotyping

ObjectiveTo study the occurrence and influence factors of drug-induced injuries of vital organs caused by traditional Chinese medicine injection.MethodsChina Hospital Knowledge Database (CHKD) from 1993-2013 and case reports concerning adverse effects and drug-induced diseases caused by traditional Chinese medicine injection from Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platformwere retrieved. Indicator systemwasestablished and relevant contentsweresummarized and analyzed.Results34 types of traditional Chinese medicine injectionswereincluded and 699 drug-induced diseasesweresummarized, taking up 53.98% of the total adverse effects. Among them, the top three included in the drug-induced diseaseswere acanthopanax injection, safflower injection and Mailuoning injection. The non-conformance between the traditional Chinese medicine injections in the literature and instructions mainly reflects unreasonable solvent selection, large compatibility concentration and usage and dosage beyond those specified in the instructions. ConclusionThe occurrence of drug-induced injuries of vital organs caused by traditional Chinese medicine injectionis relatively high, drug instructions shall be strictly followed in accordance with requirements during clinical application.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of transcranial Doppler (TCD) in pecutaneous transtuminl angioplasty and stenting (PTAS).MethodsThe index of hemodynamics, include mean peak flow velocity (Vm), systolic peak flow velocity (Vs), enddiastolic peak flow velocity (Vd), pulsatility index (Pi), resistance index (Ri) in 47 cases with the stenosis of the middle cerebral artery were investigated, while compared with that of intra arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA). ResultsVs and Vm of 41 cases increased while the Pi reduced after operation, Ri had no change; Vs, Vm, Vd increased and Pi reduced with no reflow signal in 5 cases. Vs and Vm increased with Vd reduced in only 1 case. The accuracy rate with DSA in moderate or severe stenosis was 75% or 83% respectively. ConclusionTCD, as it's reliable, no-invasive, convenience and cheap, can play an important role in assessing the effect of PTAS in middle cerebral artery stenosis.

Background:Tryptophan(TRP)is an essential amino acid,and can produce 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)via 5-HT signal pathway and kynurenine( KYN)metabolic pathway under the catalysis of enzyme,thereby participating in the pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D). Aims:To investigate the relationship between visceral sensitivity and TRP metabolic pathway in patients with IBS-D. Methods:Thirty patients with IBS-D and 30 healthy controls from June 2012 to January 2014 at Guangdong Provincial TCM Hospital were enrolled. Score of gastrointestinal symptom rating scale( GSRS)was evaluated. Visceral sensitivity was measured by anorectal manometry. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect mRNA and protein expressions of colon mucosal IDo, respectively. Serum 5-HT,5-HIAA,TRP,IDo,KYN,KYNA concentrations and IDo activity,KAT activity were determined by high performance liquid chromatography assay. Results:Compared with control group,GSRS score was significantly increased(P < 0. 05),initial perception threshold,defecation threshold,pain threshold were significantly decreased(P < 0. 05),anorectal constriction pressure was significantly increased( P < 0. 05),serum 5-HT,5-HIAA concentrations were significantly increased(P < 0. 05),mRNA and protein expressions of IDo were significantly increased (P < 0. 05),serum KYN was significantly increased(P < 0. 05),KYNA was significantly decreased(P < 0. 01),IDo activity was significantly incseased(P < 0. 01),and KAT activity was significantly decreased in IBS-D group(P < 0. 01). Correlation analysis showed that initial perception threshold,defecation threshold,pain threshold and anorectal constriction pressure were correlated with 5-HT,5-HIAA,TRP,KYN,KYNA,IDo activity and KAT activity in patients with IBS-D (P < 0. 05). Conclusions:TRP metabolic pathway is correlated with visceral hypersensitivity in patients with IBS-D.

OBJECTIVETo study the molecular mechanism of Yangjing Zhongyu Decoction (YZD) n-butanol extracts (ZDC) and ethyl acetate extracts (YSYZ) in reducing androgen in porcine granulose cells by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.

METHODSPorcine granulose cells were isolated and cultured. They were inoculated by MAPK inhibitor PD98059 at different concentrations, and then they were divided into the blank control group (0), 1, 3, 10, and 25 micromol/L groups. After 24-h culture the cytochrome P450c17a (CYP17) mRNA expression level was detected using Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Contents of androgen (testosterone) in the supernate were detected using RIA and optimal PD98059 concentration screened. After intervened by 10 micromol/L PD98059 for 24 h, the culture solution was intervened by effective ingredients of with or without YZD or YSYZ at various concentrations (0, 1 , 5, 25, 50 mg/mL) at various time points (3, 6, 18, 24 h). Expression levels of p-ERK1/2, c-Fos and CYP17 were detected by Western blot. Testosterone content in the supernate was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA).

RESULTSTen pLmol/L PD98059 could obviously decrease p-ERK1/2 protein expression and increase CYP17 mRMA expression, and elevate testosterone content in the supernate (P < 0.05). ZDC and YSYZ at 25 ng/mL could increase p-ERK1/2 protein expression and c-Fos levels, and reduce CYP17 protein expression, and lower testosterone content in the supernate after 6-h intervention (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONEffective ingredients of YZD could reduce androgen production in porcine granulose cells through increasing activities of MAPK.

Androgens ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Flavonoids ; Granulosa Cells ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Swine

Objective To explore the associations between coagulation factor Ⅶ (FⅦ)polymorphisms and its haplotype with risk of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases (ICVD) in Henan Han population. Methods Five hundred and twelve cases with ICVD as patient group and 560 healthy subjects as control were recruited in the study. The polymorphisms of R353Q, 5'F7 and IVS7 were detected by PCR-RFLP. The genotype frequency and allele gene frequency were compared between ICVD group and control group. The haplotype was analyzed by SHEsis software. Results The RQ genotype frequencies and Q allele frequencies of ICVD group were significantly lower than those of control group. The distribution of H7 allele frequencies and H6H7 genotype frequencies of FⅦ/IVS7 polymorphisms had significant difference between ICVD group and control group. Finally, the prevalence of R-P0-H6 haplotype in ICVD group(53. 3% )was higher than that in control group (47.5%, OR = 1. 219, 95% CI 1. 028-1. 446,P =0.023). Conclusions In Henan Han population, the Q allele of F Ⅶ/R353Q polymorphisms and the H7 allele of F Ⅶ/IVS7 polymorphisms may be protective genetic factors against ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and the R-P0-H6 haplotype may be a risk factor of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

Objective To investigate the cytokines levels in peripheral blood of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients at active stage, and to observe the effect of baicalin at various concentrations on the cytokines. Methods Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) assay was used for the detection of interleukin 4 receptor (IL4R), IL6R, IL23R and RAR-related orphan receptor C (RORC) expression in single peripheral mononuclear cell of UC patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the serum levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) levels in UC patients, and was applied for in-vitro detection of these indicators after baicalin intervention. Results Q-PCR results showed that IL4R, IL6R, IL23R, RORC gene expression levels in UC patients were increased to various degrees as compared to diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) patients and the healthy volunteers, and then the levels were decreased to various degrees after intervention by baicalin at different concentrations, in particular at 20 and 40μmol/L. The results of ELISA showed that serum levels of cytokines of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-6 in UC patients were increased to various degrees while IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 was decreased as compared to IBS-D patients and the healthy volunteers. Baicalin at the concentrations of 20 and 40 μmol/L had an effect on decreasing IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-6 and on increasing IL-4 and IL-10. Conclusion Higher concentrations of baicalin show obvious effect on inhibiting RORC and IL23R expression, on decreasing IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-6 levels, and on increasing IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels, which indicated that the therapeutic mechanism of baicalin in relieving ulcerative colonic inflammation is related with the regulation of immune function.

Background The neovascular form of the disease usually causes severe vision loss in a number of eye diseases.Special-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) provides high-quality in retinal imaging and the possibility of the measurement in vivo.Objective This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of SD-OCT dynamically measuring choroidal neovascularization (CNV).Methods CNV was induced in 30 left eyes of 30 clean Brown Norway(BN)rats by retinal photocoagulation with the laser parameter as follows: wavelength 532 nm,exciting power 200 mW,spot diameter 100 μm and irradiating time 50 ms.Bubble or less retinal bleeding was thought as Brunch membrane breakage and CNV model establishment.Fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) was performed to determine the establishment of CNV model and scored based on the fluorescein leakage on 3,7,14,21 days after photocoagulation.Meanwhile,CNV memberane thickness (CMT) was dynamically measured in vivo as the maxiume value from retinal inner limiting membrane through choroidal vessel layer in various time points.Histopathologic examination was used in the 14th day to evaluate and verify the result of SD-OCT.The right eyes were as controls.Results FFA examination showed that disc-like leakage of fluorescein appeared in 7 days and extended in 14 days after photocoagulation with the scores of 1.6±0.4,2.5±0.6 and 2.4±0.5 in 7,14 and 21 days,showing a significant difference among them(F=13.11,P＜0.01).The fluorescein leakage score was significantly higher in 14 and 21 days than that of 7 days(both P＜0.05).CMT measured by SD-OCT was(76.33±10.09),(102.03±14.21)and(98.03±13.76) μm in 7,14 and 21 days after photocoagulation respectively,with a significant difference among 3 time points (F=23.25,P＜0.01),and that in 14 and 21 days was significantly declined in comparison with 7 days(both P＜0.05).The results of SD-OCT showed a consistent tendency with that of FFA.Histopathological examination showed CNV formation in 14 days after photocoagulation.Conclusions Experimental CNV model was successfully induced by laser photography.SD-OCT technology allows excellent visualization of CNV in vivo.

Background The mechanism of both selenite-induced cataract and age-related cataract is oxidative damage.N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is one of the effective antioxidants,but the literature is little about the preventive and treating effects of NAC on cataract. Objective This study attempted to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effects of NAC on the selenite-induced cataract,and to discuss the possible mechanism. Methods Sixty 10-day-old clean SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group-1,normal control group-2,selenite-induced cataract group,NAC preventive group,NAC+normal saline group and NAC treatment group.Selenite cataract models were induced by subcutaneous injection of 3.46 mg/kg sodium selenite once daily for three days.The rats of NAC preventive group received the intraperitoneal injection of 2 mmol/L NAC 30 minutes before the injection of sodium selenite once daily for 6 days.In NAC treating group,2 mmol/L NAC was intraperitoneally injected 1 day after the injection of sodium selenite for 30 days,and the normal saline solution was injected at the same method in the NAC+normal saline group.Lens opacification was graded according to LOCS Ⅲ criteria.Histopathological change of lens epithelium was examined under a light microscope after hemotoxylin and eosin staining,and the ultrastructure was observed under the scanning electron microscope.The expression of caspase-3 in lens was assayed using immunochemistry.The levels of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ),malonaldehyde ( MDA ) in rat lens were detected respectively in corresponding time points.The use of the experimental animals complied with the Regulation for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Committee. Results In 7 days after experiment,lenses were completely clear in the normal control group.Lens opacification of Ⅴ grade was found in 11 eyes in selenite cataract model group,but no lens opacification of Ⅴ grade was seen in NAC preventive group,showing a significant difference(x2 =40.000,P＜0.05 ).In 30 days after experiment,Ⅳ- Ⅴ grades of cataracts were found in 20 eyes both in NAC + normal saline group and NAC treating group (x2=0.153,P＞ 0.05 ).Histopathological examination showed that lens structure was normal,and the separation between LECs and anterior capsule,the rupture of cellular membrane,deformation of cellular nuclei and the feature of lens fiber were seen in selenite cataract group,but the damage of lens was mild in the NAC preventive group.Ultrastructure of lens was obviously abnormal in selenite cataract group,NAC+normal saline group and NAC treating group.Expressions of caspase-3 and SOD in lens were significantly lower,but that of MDA was significantly higher in the selenite cataract group than the normal control group (P＜0.05) ;while those of the NAC preventive group were significantly different from selenite cataract group(P＜0.05).No significant difference was found in the expressions of caspase-3 and the levels of SOD and MDA between NAC+normal saline group and NAC treating group (P＞0.05 ). Conclusions Selenite can induce the apoptosis of LECs.NAC can evidently postpone formation of selenite cataract by increasing the activity of SOD,decreasing the level of MDA and the expression of caspase-3.However,NAC could not reverse selenite-induced lens damage.