Child ; Fructose ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Status Epilepticus ; drug therapy

Female ; Humans ; Obesity ; complications ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; complications ; therapy

Objective To explore the acute toxic reactions of memantine in neonatal rats. Methods Based on Completely Lethal dose(LD_(100)) and median lethal dose (LD_(50))of memantine in SD neonatal rats acquired in a preliminary test of death dose, 60 neonatal rats were randomly divided into normal group which were given water injection intraperitoneally and 5 study groups which were given different doses of memantine intraperitoneally.LD_(50) was calculated with Bliss method and the toxic reactions of memantine were observed in all neonatal rats of 6 groups after administration of memantine. Results LD_(50) of memantine in SD neonatal rats was((74.386?2.811)) mg/kg with 95% confidence at the range of 59.334-93.257 mg/kg.Side effects occurred at 1-4 minutes after administration. Excitatory jitteriness,ataxia,decreased respiratory rate and passivity were usually observed in groups with a lower dosage (52.0 mg/kg,61.2 mg/kg,72.0 mg/kg);some of them also manifested side lying, cyanosis and respiratory failure.While neonatal rats with a higher dosage (85 mg/kg,100 mg/kg)mainly manifested visible symptoms of inhibition, respiratory failure,side (lying) and cyanosis.However,no jitteriness and ataxia were observed in them.The neonatal rats usually died around 1 hour after memantine administration;survival rats usually returned to normal 4-5 hours after administration.Conclusion There is a positive correlation between toxic reactions and the mortality with memantine dosage in neonatal rats.

Cytomegalovirus Infections ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Skin Diseases ; etiology

Objective To investigate the pathomorphology effects of memantine on organs in neonatal rats.Methods Sixty-eight neonatal rats were randomly divided into 7 groups:5 groups by different doses memantine intraperitoneally and the controls by water intraperitoneally.The pathomorphology changes of organs were observed in all dead neonatal rats promptly after administration of memantine and in all survived rats after 7 days recover.Results 1.The ratio of organ weight and body weight in dead neonatal rats were higher than those of controls.2.The result of pathomorphology indicated that neurodegeneration and necrosis in the brain,the liver congestion and cell degeneration.The other organs had not distinct changes.3.The pathologic changes and mortality rate of neonatal rats were positively correlated with the dosage of memantine.Conclusion Memantine will affect liver and brain of neonatal rats.

Objective To set a rapid,simple gene diagnosis method for Down syndrome.Methods Three short tandem repeats(D21S11,D21S1270,D21S1437)loci in or near Down syndrome critical region(DSCR) were analyzed and detected by polymerase chain reaction and DNA quantitative analysis in 11 core ancestry.Results There were four types by DNA quantitative analysis to different individuals at a short tandem repeats(STR) locus.In type one,a homozygote of one allelic gene was detected.In type two,a normal heterozygote of two allelic genes was found,the content or two DNA electrophoresis bands was approximately 1∶1.In type three,a Down syndrome patient of two allelic genes was discovered.The quantity of two electrophoresis bands was nearly 2∶1.In type four,the patient showed three DNA electrophoresis bands which the content was approximately 1∶1∶1.Conclusion A rapid gene diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis method for Down syndrome can be used for quantitative analysis of STR polymorphism loci.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of pioglitazone on the metabolism of glucose and lipid in patients with Impaired Glucose Regulation(IGR).Methods60 cases of IGR received conventional education on diabetes prevention,while the patients in intervention group(30 cases) accepted pioglitazone 15 mg once a day for 12 weeks.Blood pressure(BP),body weight,waist circumference,hip circumference were measured to calculate body mass index(BMI) and waist-hip ratio(WHR).The Fasting blood glucose(FBG),2 h postprandial blood glucose,glcosylated hemoglobin(GHb,HbA1C),fasting serum insulin(FINS),postprandial serum insulin(2hINS),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),hepatic function,renal function were determined before and 12 weeks after intervention.ResultsAfter intervention,BP,BMI,FBG,2hBG,FINS,2hINS,HbA1C,TC,TG,LDL-C had been decreased significantly in intervention group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).There were significant differences between intervention group and control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01) in all indexes except body weight,WHR,hepatic function,renal function.ConclusionPioglitazone can obviously improve the metabolism of glucose and lipid in patients with IGR.

The change of kirenol, darutigenol and darutoside in Siegesbeckia and its first to ninth processed products were studied, and the ten fingerprints were compared, which provided the experimental basis for the study of Siegesbeckia processing tech- nology. The samples were analysed by HPLC on a SunFire-C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution of acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid)-water (0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). Column temperaturewas 30 °C and the detected wavelength was 215, 320 nm. The calibration curves of kirenol, darutigenol and darutoside were linear in the range of 2.180-26.16, 2.900-34.80, and 1.012-6.072 mg x L(-1), respectively, and the average recoveries were 96.4%, 97.2% and 96.3% wit RSD 2.2%, 1.7% and 2.4%. This method was simple, the result was stable and had good repeatability, recovery and precision. The re- sult was the basis of the chemical contents variation in the processing of Siegesbeckia Herbs and further clarifying the effect of the changing.
Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Temperature

AIM:To compare the clinical effect of 23G and 25G+ vitrectomy for treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).METHODS: A total of 128 PDR patients (195 eyes) requiring vitrectomy in our hospital from November 2013 to May 2016 were randomly divided into 25G+ group and 23G group, 64 cases (97 eyes) in 25G+ group and 64 cases (98 eyes) in 23G group.In 25G+ group, patients were treated by 25G+ vitrectomy.In 23G group, patients were treated by 23G vitrectomy.The visual acuity, as well as intraocular pressure (IOP), iatrogenic injury and complications in two groups were recorded before and 1d, 1wk, 1mo after treatment.The operation time was compared between two groups.RESULTS: The operation time in 25G+ group was lower than that in 23G group (P<0.05).The postoperative visual acuity at 1mo of two groups were improved compared with before surgery (P<0.01).However, visual acuity between two groups in the same period had no significant difference (P>0.05).IOP in 25G+ group before surgery had no significant difference compared with those after surgery at 1d,1wk, and 1mo(P>0.05), which it was the same in 23G group.IOP of two groups in the same period had no significant difference (P>0.05).The incidence rate of iatrogenic injury in 25G+ group was 4.1%, which was significant lower than that of 23G group (13.3%) (P<0.05).The incidence rate of complication in 25G+ group was 3.1%, which was significant lower than that of 23G group (11.2%) (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Both 23G and 25G+ vitrectomy are safe and effective treatment for PDR.However, 25G+ vitrectomy is the better choice for PDR for the shorter operation time, lower incidence rate of iatrogenic injury and fewer surgical complications.

Objective To investigate the effects of Shenfu injection ( SF,a Chinese herbal medicine preparation made of Codonopsis pilosula and Aconitum carmichaeli) on the cell apoptosis of focal cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injured rats and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Methods Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats used for producing unilateral brain ischemia reperfusion model were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation group ( Sham group),ischemia reperfusion group ( IR group),and SF Injection group (SF group).The model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by transient occlusion of middle cerebral artery (ischemia for 2 h,and reperfusion for 3,6 h respectively).In SF group,SF ( 10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected duri(n)g reperfusion.Cell apoptosis rate in brain tissue was detected by the technique of Annexin-V-PI double staining and was counted in flow cytometer.Expression of HO-1 in brain was measured by RT-PCR,while the pathological and ultra structure changes of cerebral tissue were also observed.Results Cell apoptosis rate of brain tissue were significantly higher in IR group than that in Sham group (P ＜0.01 ),while SF group had less significant changes in cell apoptosis rate, HO-1 level of brain tissue than IR group (P ＜ O.01 ).The ultra structure change of brain tissue was less in SF group than that in IR group.Conclusions During early stage of brain IR injury,SF inhibits cellular apoptosis and in turn protects the brain from injury which is attributed to the increase in HO-1 expression induced by SF.