0.05). Estrogen was lower in the patients with AD than in the normal controls and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P

Objective To analyse the levels of estrogen in women patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD),and the relationship of estrogen level,menarche age,age of menopause,pregnancy times with severity of AD.Methods A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted.The study subjects were given neuropsychological test face to face in questionnaire,including MMSE,ADL,POD,FOM,WISE and HMT depression scale.All the women subjects accepted another questionnaire concerning menarche age,age of menopause and pregnancy times.Radioimmunoassay was used to measure the sex hormone level of all the subjects.Results The level of estrogen in serum was obviously lower in AD group than in the control group(P

OBJECTIVE To observe and compare the application result of two kinds of chemical indicator(CI)card contained in high pressure-steam sterilization chemical monitoring testing package for providing correct credible evidence of supplying material in each batch after high pressure-steam sterilization and to avoid resource lost because of fault estimation.METHODS The chemical monitoring testing package was made according Sterilization Criteria published in 2002,with the 3M 1250 and 1243 CI cards and 1292 biology indicator(BI) to observe the results in tested package after sterilization.RESULTS The BI in chemical monitoring testing package was all qualified,the qualified rate of 1250 was 70%,while of 1243 was 100%.CONCLUSIONS If there is no BI for monitoring,1243 CI card should be chosen in high pressure-steam sterilization chemical monitoring testing package for supplying material in each batch after high pressure-steam sterilization which is not influenced by moisture and the contacted material and is easy to read and evaluate,the resource lost caused by fault estimation can be avoided.

Objective To explore the changes and the clinical relevance of plasma p-selectin (PS) and vascular endothelial cell function in patients with carotid stenosis (CS) before and after carotid artery stenting (CAS). Methods The plasma levels of PS, yon willebrand (vWF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) before CAS and 1hour,6 hours,24 hours,2 months after CAS in 67 patients with carotid stenosis and 54 cases of TIA with negative result from cerebral angiography were measured. The patients of the therapy group were further divided into group A and group B according to complexity of CAS. The plasma levels of PS and vWF were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and the level of ET-1 was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results The plasma levels of PS,vWF and ET-1 all increased in the patients group after CAS. In the therapy group,the level of PS reached peak value (29.23 ± 6.98) ng/ml 1 hour after CAS, and the levels of vWF and ET-1 reached peak value (119.63 ±16.75) %, (79.71 ± 9.78) ng/L 6 hour after CAS. In therapy group, there was significant difference in the levels of PS and ET-1 between each time points after CAS and before CAS (P＜0.05,P ＜0.01 respectively). There was significant difference in the level of vWF between 1 hour, 6 hours, 24 hours after CAS and before CAS (P ＜ 0.05 orP ＜ 0.01). There was significant difference in tihe levels of PS 1 hour after CAS and ET-1 at 6 hours after CAS (P ＜0.05) ,and in the level of vWF at 1 hour,6 hours after CAS between control group and therapy group (P ＜0.01).There was significant difference in the level of vWF at every time point after CAS (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01), and in the level of ET-1 at 1 hour,6 hours,24 hours between A group and B group(P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01). Conclusions PS, vWF and ET-1 were activated to some extent and related to pathological changes degree and complexity of CAS. Monitoring these biological indexes after CAS maybe of great value in predicting risk, evaluating clinical therapy and judging prognosis.

An angular speed, acceleration and tangential leakage of a synchronal rotary compressor in which both bladed rotor and a cylinder are discussed. The calculation formulae of revolving speed of cylinder and relative speed between the cylinder and bladed rotor are deduced detailedly in this paper. The variation of tangential speed and cylinder acceleration with angular position is investigated for a complete cycle. And some key parameters affected the relative speed are found out, viz, the relative speed depends on the radius of the cylinder and rotary speed of the axis, and the ratio of the cylinder to bladed rotor has not too much influence. It is the theoretic basis of designing and optimizing of structure characteristic of a synchronal rotary compressor. Also a computing formula of leakage related with rotary speed is deduced. It could supply

CBS(Case Based Study)is a new teaching method,which is based on the case given.It requires students to answer questions according to the case. In the teaching,the students who are divided into groups,seek for resolvent by themselves. They should combine the information provided in the case,find the key answer and the relationship.The students gain the knowledge by reviewing and studying in the textbook,then analyse and solve questions with them. The application of CBS could make knowledge more relatively and systematic, moreover,it also make study more actively and initiatively.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Interleukin-1beta ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Male ; Seizures, Febrile ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Zinc ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid

Cerebral Infarction ; blood ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-17 ; blood

ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of the cognitive changes in patients with lacunar infarction(LI) after carotid artery stenting(CAS).MethodsNeuropsychological tests were conducted in 43 patients with LI and carotid stenosis before and 1 month,6 months,12 months after CAS and the scores were compared with those of 41 healthy cases.ResultsCompared with control group,MMSE scores ( 26.33 ± 1.94),memory and executive function in therapy group lowered obviously.There was statistical difference (P＜ 0.05 or P＜ 0.01 ).Compared with before CAS,MMSE scores of 1 month (27.17±2.15),6 months (27.17 ±2.15),12 months (28.15±1.98) after CAS,memory and executive function in therapy group were all better obviously.There was statistical difference (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).ConclusionIn acute stage of patients with LI (with in 1 week),most cognitive impairment was severe. Most cognition disorders was improved to normal level 12 months after CAS.The mechanism may be associated with the improvement of chronic cerebral insufficiency.

Objective To explore the influence of the cognitive function and related dangerous factors in patients lacunar infarction(LI) after carotid artery stenting (CAS).Methods Neuropsychological tests (MoCA and MMSE)were conducted in 43 patients with LI before CAS,1 month,6 months,1 year and 2 years after CAS and the scores were compared with those of 41 healthy cases.Results Compared with control group,in therapy group,MMSE scores before CAS,1 month and 6 months after CAS,MoCA scores before CAS(19.39 ±2.17) and 1 month after CAS(19.51 ± 1.99) and the scores of Cube Copying before CAS,Alternating Trail Making Test,attention and delayed recall before CAS,1 month after CAS and Clock Drawing before CAS,1 month and 6 months after CAS all lowered obviously.There were statistical differences(P＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Compared with before CAS,in therapy group,MMSE scores and MoCA scores 6 months,1 year and 2 years after CAS,the scores of Alternating Trail Making Test 2 years after CAS,Cube Copying and Clock Drawing 1 year and 2 years after CAS and attention and delayed recall 6 months,1 year and 2 years after CAS all increased obviously.There were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).In the follow-up of 2 years,the result of Logistic Regression Analysis showed that MoCA scores has correlation with age(OR =50.751,95％ CI 1.407 ～ 19.464; P =0.006),high blood pressure(0R=8.012,95％ CI1.212 ～27.550; P=0.042)and low levels of education(OR=11.586,95％ CI1.164～ 16.903 ; P =0.029) and no correlation with diabetes and CAS.Conclusion Cognitive impairment in patients with LI is improved 2 years after CAS,and visuospatial function,attention and delayed recall are significantly improved.But CAS is not independent protective factors for cognitive functions,and old age,low education levels and high blood pressure are independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with LI.