In recent years, basic medical researches and their cost have been developing rapidly,however, the development of clinical researches is very slow. In fact, only a few basic researches can be translated to clinical application, and the promoting role of basic research for clinical practice is very limited. This produces a wide gap between basic research and clinical research, which seriously hindered the progress of medical science and the advancement of public health. Translational medicine came into being under this condition, and is now being understood and utilized by scholars worldwide. This paper summarizes some features and new advances of translational medicine. Meanwhile, the authors put forward suggestions to strength translational medicine in China according to the status quo of health care reform and the medical research and education in Chinese hospitals, which could help to relieve the dissatisfaction among the government, the society and the public toward the mismatch of basic medical research and clinical research, and to promote harmonious development of medical science.

Objective To investigate if apoptosis induced by arsenic trioxide(As_2O_3)on bladder cancer T24 cell line is related to the alteration of protein kinase C and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (PKC-cAMP)and its possible mechanism.Methods Apoptosis was studied by TUNEL method.Radio- immunoassay and enzyme immunoassay methods were used to detect the PKC-cAMP alteration in apoptotic process.The expressions and activation of caspase3 were observed by immunocytochemical method and Western blot.Results Atter 24-h drug treatment,the cell apoptosis induced by different concentrations of As_2O_3 was detected by TUNEL method.In control group,the apoptosis rate was 0.86%;PKC level was 2.55 pmol?min~(-1)??g~(-1);cAMP concentration was 22.56 pmol/ml;the expression rate of caspase3 was 8.01%.Compared with control group,the apoptosis rates of 5?mol/L and 10?mol/L As_2O_3 groups increased 8.51-fold and 13.33-fold,respectively;PKC Level decreased 59.22% and 64.71%,respectively;cAMP in- creased 5.34-fold and 4.23-fold,respectively;expression rates of caspase3 increased 3.96-fold and 6.76- fold,respectively.The differences were significant(P＜0.05).Compared with As_2O_3 groups,apoptosis rates of 5?mol/L and 10?mol/L As_2O_3+100nmol/L phorbol 12-myristate 13-aectate(PMA)groups decreased 40.22% and 45.58%,respectively;PKC increased 1.00-fold and 0.76-told,respectively;cAMP decreased 8.37% and 31.46%,respectively;expression rates of caspase3 decreased 51.09% and 65.03%,respective- ly.Activation of caspase3 was detected in As_2O_3-treated groups and As_2O_3+100 nmol/L PMA-treated groups;and activations of caspase3 in PMA-treated groups were weaker than those in As_2O_3-treated groups. Conclusions The antitumor mechanism of As_2O_3 may be the induction of bladder cancer T24 cell apopto- sis by decreasing PKC and increasing cAMP level.

Objective To investigate the value of the levels of urinary NT-proBNP whether is similar with the levels of blood NT-proBNP for the diagnosis of chronic heart failure.Methods 79 patients with chronic heart failure (NYHA Ⅰ~Ⅳ)as a research group,and 53 healthy people as a control group,the levels of urinary and blood NT-proBNP on two groups were measured respectively by Roche cobas h 232 cardiac markers detector and compared the difference of the levels of urinary NT-proBNP and blood NT-proBNP between the two groups.Results The levels of urinary and blood NT-proBNP in pa-tients with chronic heart failure were much higher than those in healthy subjects,respectively (P <0.01).The concentration of urinary NT-proBNP increased gradually with more severe symptoms.The level of urinary NT-proBNP was positively cor-related with the levels of blood NT-proBNP.Conclusion The levels of urinary NT-proBNP is a new candidate marker for the diagnosis of chronic heart failures and it provides a similar accuracy with the levels of blood.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Niacin on blood-retina barrier (BRB) in diabetic rats and related mechanism.Methods The male Wistar rats (60) were divided into control (CON) group,diabetes (DM) group and Niacin-treated (NA) group,20 rats in each group.Rats diabetes models were induced with streptozotocin injection.Niacin (40 mg/kg · d) was administrated orally everyday in Niacin-treated group until sacrificed after 3 months.Pathological outcomes,total cholesterol (TC) and highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) were evaluated at month 3.Optical microscopy was used to observe the retinal structure.The integrity of BRB and the vascular permeability was quantified by analyzing albumin leakage using Evans blue (EB) method.The relative expressions of Claudin-5,Occludin,zonula occluden (ZO)-1 and GPR109A mRNA in rat retinas were detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and relative expression of GPR109A,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 by Western blot.Results Compared to CON group,the TC content was increased and HDL content was decreased in DM group (t=4.034,5.831;P＜0.05).Compared to DM group,the TC content was decreased and HDL content was increased in NA group (t=6.868,3.369;P＜0.05).The retinal structure of CON group was normal.Pathological changes were found in the DM group,such as tumescent nuclei and disorganized structures.The retinal structure of NA group was similar to the control group.Evans blue dye that the microvascular leakage in DM group was increased compared with CON group (t=24.712,P＜0.05),while in NA group was decreased compared with DM group (t =16.414,P＜ 0.05).The mRNA expression of Occludin,Claudin-5,ZO-1 in DM group were decreased compared with CON group (t=11.422,12.638,12.060;P＜ 0.05),while in NA group were increased compared with DM group (t=5.278,3.952,8.030;P＜0.05).The mRNA expression of GPR109A in NA group were increased compared with DM group (t=5.053,P＜ 0.05).The protein expression of GPR109A,IL-6,TNF-αin DM group were increased compared with CON group (t=4.915,11.106,6.582;P＜0.05).Compared to DM group,the protein expression of GPR109A was increased (t=5.806,P＜0.05),while the protein expression of IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased (t=10.131,5.017;P＜0.05).Conclusion Niacin has the protective effect for BRB by up-regulating GPR109A expression which may suppress inflammation.

AIM:To observe the effect of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens ( IOL ) implantation combined with goniosynechialysis on corneal endothelial cells for the treatment of primary angle closure glaucoma ( PACG ) combined cataract, and to analyze the relative factors.METHODS: Ninety-five eyes of 95 patients with PACG combined cataract were documented in this study. Twenty-two patients were male, and 73 were female. The age ranged from 46 to 85y old with a mean of(66±7) y. All patients were examined for endothelial cell count ( ECC ) , intraocular pressure ( IOP ) and best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) 1wk, 1, 2, 3 and 6mo after operation. Meanwhile, the range of anterior chamber closure and anterior chamber depth ( ACD ) were recorded before operation and postoperative 6mo.
RESULTS: The mean IOP was 36. 1±4. 3mmHg ( 28-42mmHg) preoperatively and 15. 8±3. 5mmHg ( 8-28 mmHg)(1mmHg=0. 133kPa) 6mo after operation. There was a decreasing trend in IOP after operation( t=17. 173, P<0. 01). There was an increased trend in BCVA after operation(Z=-8. 351, P<0. 01). The mean ACD was 1. 95±0. 34mm preoperatively and 3. 11±0. 33mm 6mo after operation. There was an increased trend in ACD after operation(t=11. 483, P<0. 01). There were 74 eyes in the range from 90o to 180o of anterior chamber and 21 eyes less than 90o before operation. There were 12 eyes in the range from 90o to 180o of anterior chamber and 83 eyes less than 90o postoperatively. The most of anterior chamber were open(Z=-9. 013, P<0. 01). ECC was 2304±135 cells/mm2 before operation and 2 243±152 cells/mm2 , 2 135±177 cells/mm2 , 2 028±172 cells/mm2 , 2 017±181 cells/mm2 , 2 006±143 cells/mm2 1wk, 1, 2, 3 and 6mo after operation respectively. ECC loss rates were 2. 6%, 7. 3%, 12. 0%, 12. 5% and 13. 0%. ECC had a decreased trend 2mo after operation(F=5. 568, P<0. 01) and then kept stable(P3mo=0. 067, P6mo=0. 073).
CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification and IOL -implantation combined with goniosynechialysis is an effective method to treat PACG combined cataract. It can increase BCVA and decrease IOP. ECC decreases after operation, but it is in the normal range. It is a safe and effective operation mode.

Adolescent ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial ; diagnosis

China ; Occupational Exposure ; Threshold Limit Values ; Ultraviolet Rays

Objective The experiment was designed to observe the effect of inhaled arsenic trioxide(As2O3)and in combination with inhaled moxa leaf oil on eosinophils(EOS)and lung tissue's morphology in asthmatic guinea pigs, and to explore its mechanism of relieving wheezing. Methods The ovalbumin(OVA)-induced asthmatic guinea pig model was established. Sixty guinea pigs were randomly divided into As2O3 atomization inhalation group B1 As2O3 low dose group:2.0 mg/(kg·d), B2 As2O3 high dose group:4.0 mg/(kg·d), combined treatment group C1 low dose group:2.0 mg/(kg·d)+moxa leaf oil 0.05 ml, C2 high dose group: 4.0 mg/(kg·d)+moxa leaf oil 0.10 ml, saline aerosol inhalation group(group A) asthma model group)and normal control group(group D)according to random permutation table method. After 7 days medicated, the EOS in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were compared. Guinea pig lung, heart, liver and kidney pathological specimens were prepared and the change of the lung tissue's inflammation and heart, liver and kidney tissue were investigated. Lung tissue’s electron microscopy specimens were prepared and the apoptosis of acidophilic cells and repair of alveolar epithelial cells were observed. Results Compared with asthma model group's EOS number[(58.08±19.01)×105], the difference in As2O3 low dose group、As2O3 high dose group、combined treatment low dose group、combined treatment high dose group and normal control group[(26.37±1.12)×105, (11.50±1.61)×105, (14.16±4.88)×105, (5.03±1.66)×105 and(0.35±0.16)×105, respectively] were statistically significant(P<0.01); there was statistical difference between As2O3 low dose group and As2O3 high dose group(P<0.01);There was statistical difference between As2O3 low dose group and combined treatment low dose group(P<0.01);There was statistical difference between As2O3 high dose group and combined treatment high dose group(P<0.05). Compared with combined treatment high dose group, difference in As2O3 low dose group、As2O3 high dose group and combined treatment low dose group was statistically significant(P<0.05). The difference in B1, B2, C1, C2 and D group was statistically significant compared with group A (P<0.01). The difference in B1 and B2, B1 and C1 group was statistically significant (P<0.01). The difference between B2 and C2 group was statistically significant(P<0.05). The difference in C2 group was statistically significant compared with group B1, B2 and C1(P<0.05). Conclusion EOS abnormal apoptosis was an important pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. The mechanism of arsenic trioxide anti-asthma was that arsenic trioxide could reduce acidophil infiltration and promote acidophilic cell apoptosis. The mechanism of moxa leaf oil anti-asthma was it could reduce acidophil infiltration. Smaller doses of the combination of inhaled As2O3 and moxa leaf oil was safe and effective to achieve the effect of relieving wheezing and the combined use had synergy.

Adult ; Frontal Lobe ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Radiography ; Tuberculoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging

Background The novel dynamic biomechanical device Corvis ST can measure a variety of corneal deformation parameters and record the dynamic process of cornea deformation.Understanding various corneal deformation parameters is of important clinical significance for morphological and functional prediction for myopic eyes in corneal refractive surgery.However,the range and meaning of corneal deformation parameters in myopic eyes are still unknown.Objective This study was to establish the range of corneal defamation parameters by Corvis ST and explore its clinical significance in myopic eyes.Methods A descriptive study was designed under the approval of Ethic Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital and informed consent of patients.This study protocol complied with Helsinki Declaration.Four hundred and seventy-seven eyes of 257 myopic patients who were going to receive corneal refractive surgery were included in Tianjin Eye Hospital from June 2014 to January 2015.The corneal deformation parameters including the first applanation time (1st A-time),first applanation lengh (1 st A-length),first applanation velocity (1 st A-velocity),second applanation time (2nd A-time),second applanation length (2nd A-length),second applanation velocity (2nd A-velocity),highest concavity time (HC-time),highest concavity deformation amplitude (HC-DA),highest concavity peak distance (HC-PD),highest concavity radius (HC-R),non-contact intraocular pressure (IOPnct) and the central corneal thickness (CCTst) were measured by Corvis ST.Corneal structural parameters including CCT and corneal curvature were measured by 3-D anterior segment analysis system (Pentacam),and corneal biomechanical parameters including corneal resistance factor (CRF),corneal hysteresis (CH),intraocular pressure mimic Goldmann (IOPg) and intraocular pressure of corneal compensation (IOPcc) were measured by Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA).The distributions of the data were tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test and 95％ confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.The correlations of the variables were evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank correlation coefficient.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the changes of 1st A-time,2nd A-time and HC-DA with corneal morphology and biomechanical parameters.Resnlts Only 1st A-time,2ndA-time,HC-time,HC-DA,CCTst and IOPnct showed the normality distribution in corneal deformation parameters.The positive correlations were found between 1st A-time,1st A-length,2nd A-length,2nd A-velocity,HC-R with CCT (r=0.338,rs=0.129,rs=0.282,rs =0.374,r=0.306,all at P＜0.01),while 1st A-velocity,2nd A-time,HC-D and HC-PD showed the negative correlations with CCT (rs =-0.235,r=-0.130,r=-0.259,r=-0.226,all at P＜0.01).CRF and CH showed positive correlations with 1st A-time,2nd A-length,2nd A-velocity,HC-time,HC-R and negative correlations with HC-PD,△A-length (all at P＜0.05).1st A-time,2nd A-time and HC-DA changed with CRF and IOPcc with the regression formations of 1st A-time =6.185+0.066CRF+0.034IOPec (F=300.123,P =0.000),2nd A-time=23.397-0.074IOPec-0.044CRF (F=227.979,P=0.000) and HC-DA =1.523-0.017IOPcc-0.017CRF (F=152.662,P=0.000).The CCTst,IOPst and IOPnct values by Corvis ST were significantly lower than CCT by Pentacam ([548.23±26.31] μm,IOPg ([15.02±2.72]mmHg and ([16.02-±2.56]mmHg) by ORA respectively (t =11.00,2.919,6.815,all at P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The corneal deformation parameters by Corvis ST can quantitatively describe corneal biomechanical properties in myopic eyes.Both IOP and the corneal steep curvature of the 3 mm center area (K2) affect the deformation response of cornea.The reliability of Corvis ST in the measurement of CCT and IOP remains to be further studied.