Objective To investigate and compare the effects of etomidate or propofol on spatial cognitive,exploring,learning and memory abilities and hippocampus tissue in rapid development period of rats.Methods Thirty-nine SD rats with anage from 17 to 18 days were randomly divided into group C(10 ml/kg of normal saline),group E(5 mg/kg of etomidate),group P(50 mg/kg of propofol)(n=13).They were all single injected intraperitoneally.The tests of cognitive function were performed in Open Field Test(OFT),Hole Board Test and Ymaze Test at 3 hours postanesthesia awake.HE staining method was uesed to observe the morphology of hippocampus neuron tissue and immunohistochemistry(IHC) method was uesed to detect the expression of aspartic acid specificity cysteine protease (caspase-3) in hippocampal neurons.Results In the OFT,there was no significant difference between group C((3.70 ± 1.06)s,(39.10 ± 11.89)s)and group E,P((4.40 ±2.01)s and (4.60 ± 1.96) s,(37.90 ± 11.88) s and (36.30 ± 15.68) s) about the retention time in central check and the locomotion (P ＞ 0.05).In the Hole Board Test,the rats of groups E and P(12.00 ± 3.13,10.00 ± 2.79) about the times of rats stretch into the hole were significant different comparing with group C(16.30 ±4.62) (P＜0.05).In the Ymaze Test,compared with group C,the group E in the right number and total reaction time were no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).The right number of group P (9.80 ± 2.39) were obviously decreased as compared with group C(13.30 ±2.00)(P ＜ 0.01),and there also had significant difference between group E and group C (P ＜0.05).In addition,the total reation time between group P ((82.30 ± 10.20) s) and group C ((67.70 ± 12.18) s) was significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).In HE staining,there were obvious changes in group E and P.In IHC,the expression of caspase-3 between groups C,E and P,there were no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Single intraperitoneal injection of etomidate can make a transient effects for the rapid development period of rats ' ability of exploration,but have no obvious influence of the spatial cognition and learning and memory abilities.And etomidate lead less influence on newborn rat behavior and hippocampal tissue than propofol.

[Absract] Objective To investigate the imaging features of CT and MRI of echinococcosis, and improve the imaging knowledge of the disease. Methods Clinical and radiological findings of echinococcosis of ribs were retrospectively analyzed by reviewing the seventeen cases confirmed by clinical and pathological findings. All patients had CT scan, eight had X?ray plain film and five had MR examination, while 4 patients underwent additional contrast?enhanced CT examination. Results All lesions were unilateral. There were 33 ribs involved, and single involved rib was seen in 7 cases. On CT scans, 10 cases showed cystic, swelling and osteolytic bone destruction, and 7 cases showed moth?eaten osteolytic bone destruction. There were 13 cases of hydatid cyst, 3 cases of a single sac watery density shadow and 10 cases of polycystic separating wheels form. There were 4 cases of fractured ribs, 2 cases of the longitudinal fracture and 2 cases of the transverse fracture. On MRI, there was one case of rib medullary cavity expansion destruction. It was a single cyst with hypointensity on T1WI, hyperintensity on T2WI and hyperintensity on short time inversion recovery (STIR) images. There were one case of rib medullary cavity expansion destruction and 3 cases of hydatid erosion ribs cortex among 4 cases of polycystic type. Polycystic type echinococcosis appeared hypointensity on T1WI, hyperintensity on T2WI and hyperintensity on STIR images. Polycystic type had mother sac and ascus structure, and signal intensity of ascus was higher. STIR sequence showed more clearly polycystic structure. Conclusions CT and MRI can clearly show location of echinococcosis of ribs. There are the imaging features of cystic, swelling and osteolytic bone destruction or complicating cyst of polycystic type which can help the qualitative diagnosis of rib echinococcosis.

BACKGROUND:Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a good scaffold material, and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) possesses a strong osteogenic ability, therefore, by which preparing a novel composite material wil be helpful for bone repair. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of the hol ow HA/rhBMP-2 microspheres on the osteogenesis and biomechanics of rabbit bone defects. METHODS:Forty-eight male healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (n=16 per group), including composite, single and control groups. Radical defect models were prepared, and the hol ow HA/rhBMP-2 and hol ow HA scaffolds were implanted into the composite and single groups, respectively. The control group received no treatment. At the 1st day of 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after implantation, the level of serum alkaline phosphatase was detected, and the bone healing was assessed through X-ray, three-dimensional CT, radionuclide bone scan and biomechanics testing, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The level of serum alkaline phosphatase, X-ray scale scores, osteogetic effect, region of interest volume, three-dimensional CT and biomechanical strength in the composite group were superior to those in the single group. In the meanwhile, the bone healing was unsatisfactory in the control group. Our findings indicate that the hol ow HA/rhBMP-2 artificial bone exhibits a good osteogenic ability and mechanical strength, contributing to bone healing.

Objective To explore the effect of Melatonin(MT) on CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell (CD4+CD25+Tr)and airway inflammation in asthmatic rat.Methods Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,8 rats in each group.Asthmatic group:rats were immunized on day 1 and 7 by intraperitoneal inject of mixture of ovalbumin(OVA) and aluminumhydroxide.From day 14,the animals were allenged with aerosolized OVA for 20 min per day for 7 consecutive days.MT group:OVA-sensitized rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 mg/kg MT 30 min before each OVA challenge.Dexamethasone group:OVA-sensitized rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mg/kg Dexamethasone 30 min before each OVA challenge.Control group:OVA for inhalation and MT for intraperitoneal injection was replaced with saline.After the last challenge,peripheral blood was stained to count the percentage of eosinophil(EOS).Then the rats were lavaged and total leukocytes counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were performed after staining with Wright-Giemsa staining.The EOS counts around the airway was counted after the histological section of lung staining with hematoxylin and eosin staining.The serum level of immunoglobulin E(IgE) was detected by immunoenhancement.The change of CD4+CD25+Tr was assessed with flow cytometry.SPSS 10.0 software was applied to analyze data. Results In asthmatic rats,the CD4+CD25+ Tr/ CD4+T cells ratio had significant negative relationship with the EOS counts around the airway and the total leukocytes counts in BALF (r=-0.73 P0.05).There was a significant decrease in the percentage of the eosinophils in peripheral blood,the eosinophil counts around the airway,the total leukocytes counts in BALF and the serum level of IgE in MT group compared with asthmatic group (Pa

Objective To evaluate the clinical application and significance of lengthen-stem bipolar-femur prosthetic replacement for the treatment of old-age patients with intertrochanteric fracture osteoporosis.Methods 28 cases of patients aging from 75 to 99 years old of intertrochanteric fracture osteoporosis treated with lengthen- stem cemented bipolar prosthesis were studicd from March 2000 to December 2006.After taking the blank margin, the bones of different sizes were replaced and the steel wire was fixed.After determining the depth of the front an- gle,the artificial bone was placed.Results After 28 examples attaining the following-up examination for 7 months to 3 years,with an average of 1.5 years,its function according to Harris standard was evaluated 3 months after the operation,8 examples were excellent,13 examples good,5 examples pass,2 examples inferior.The excellent or good rate reached 75% ,with no abnormal cases,no joint dislocation during the followed-up period.1 example had the phantom phenomenon 1 year after the operation.2 examples among the inferior had got more serious internal medicine disease which affected the restoring function.1 example died of the internal medicine disease 1 year after the operation.Conclusion By using the lengthen-stem bipolar-femur prosthetic replacement for the treatment of old patients with inrertrochanteric fracture osteoporosis,the patients will restore quickly after the operation and can carry a heavy load at an early time.The illness complication and the mortality rate will be redaced.But its related disease must be strictly dealt with and the surgery operating skill must be grasped.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy of combined modality therapy for neuroblastoma in children associated with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS-NB).

METHODFrom May 2011 to December 2013, 6 consecutive patients (4 boys and 2 girls) diagnosed as OMS-NB underwent surgery and chemotherapy in the First Hospital, Peking University. The median age of onset was 19.5 months (range 13-24 months) and misdiagnosis occurred 7.5 months (range 2-14 months) ago. A retrospective analysis for the location, stage, pathological type, treatment way and outcome of neuroblastoma was done.

RESULT(1) All patients were misdiagnosed as simply opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) at the time of onset. They had been receiving treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone and intravenous immunoglobulin within 1-13 months.OMS-NB was diagnosed by means of enhanced abdominal CT image which was delayed to be given after the poor efficacy or relapse. (2) The primary tumors were almost all small, stage I-II, located in adrenal, retroperitoneal or pelvis. The pathology of tumors included ganglioneuroblastoma (5/6) and neuroblastoma (1/6). (3) All these cases underwent surgery, 4/6 cases with complete tumor resection, 2/6 cases with tumor around the aorta and induced local residue. Preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy was given to 2 and 5 cases, respectively. (4) The patients were followed up for 3-31 months, except 1 patient lost, the other 5 are currently surviving disease-free (3 having been at the end of chemotherapy, 1 still in chemotherapy, and another had local recurrence and is receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy after the second operation and now also stopped taking the medicine). The symptoms of nervous system have been significantly improved during postoperative chemotherapy.

CONCLUSIONTo reduce the misdiagnosis, regular CT imaging of the abdomen or pelvic should be ordered for all cases with OMS. The children with OMS-NB need to be actively treated with the combined modality therapy including surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, to reduce recurrence and reduce the symptoms of nervous system.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; therapy ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; surgery ; therapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neuroblastoma ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; therapy ; Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo determine the effects of captopril on human sperm motility in vitro.

METHODSSperm specimens were aseptically obtained by masturbation and prepared by Percoll gradient-centrifugation technique to produce a spermatozoa suspension of high motility from 12 healthy fertile men. The spermatozoa suspension were incubated with captopril at 1:9 ratio of volume at 37 degrees C in vitro, which was administrated at three different concentrations. Measurements were carried out within 5 minutes for all specimens including VAP, VSL, VCL, STR, ALH and progressive motility.

RESULTSWithin 5 minutes, three different concentrations of captopril could change the human spermatozoa motility and forward motile sperm percentage, but captopril did not decrease the other motility parameters, including VSL, VCL and VAP etc. The high concentration group could decrease the VCL more than those of the other two groups and it seemed that the velocity parameters of the middle concentration group were higher than those of the other two groups, but there were no significant difference statistically.

CONCLUSIONIt suggests that captopril can decrease the human spermatozoa motility and forward motile sperm percentage, but it can not directly affect the spermatozoa velocity in vitro.

Adult ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Captopril ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Male ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects ; Spermatozoa ; cytology ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship of -634G/C gene polymorphism of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) in children.

METHODSOne hundred ethnic Han children with HSP, including 50 children with concurrent nephritis (HSPN group) and 50 children without nephritis (HSP without nephritis group), were enrolled. Fifty age-, sex-and ethnics-matched healthy children were used as the control group. VEGF-634G/C genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP. Plasma VEGF levels were measured using ELISA.

RESULTSCC genotype distribution (32%) and C allele frequency (56%) in the HSPN group were significantly higher than those in the control group (10% and 35% respectively) and the HSP without nephritis group (10% and 33% respectively) (P<0.01). The incidence of nephritis in HSP patients with CC genotype increased significantly when compared with those with GG genotype (76% vs 31%; P<0.01). Plasma VEGF levels in patients with CC genotype (180.5+/- 40.7 pg/mL) were significantly higher than those in patients with CG (145.2+/- 48.3 pg/mL) and GG (101.5+/- 26.5 pg/mL) genotypes (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSVEGF-634G/C gene polymorphism may be associated with the development of HSPN. C allele may a susceptible gene of HSPN.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Nephritis ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; blood ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of Shenfu Qiangjing Decoction (SQD) in the treatment of non-inflammatory and non-liquefied semen in infertile males with kidney-yang deficiency.

METHODSSixty cases of male infertility caused by non-inflammatory and non-liquefied semen with kidney-yang deficiency were equally and randomly divided into an SQD and a control group, the former given oral SQD and the latter vitamin C tablets plus intramuscular chymotrypsin. Both groups were observed for sperm viability, sperm motility, serum testosterone, seminal plasma PSA and improvement of kidney-yang deficiency symptoms before and after the medication. The therapeutic effects were evaluated according to the semen liquefaction within 60 min.

RESULTSStatistically significant differences were observed in the improvement of kidney-yang deficiency symptoms after the medication between the SQD and control groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) , and in sperm viability and motility of the SQD group before and after the treatment (P < 0.01) as well as between the two groups after the medication (P < 0.05). The levels of serum T and seminal plasma PSA also showed significant differences before and after the treatment in the SQD group (P < 0.01) and between the two groups after the medication (P < 0.05). The rate of total effectiveness was 93.3% in the SQD and 76.7% in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSQD can shorten the semen liquefaction time in patients with non-inflammatory and non-liquefied semen and restore semen liquefaction to normal in over 90% of the patients. Meanwhile it can also improve the low testosterone level resulting from various kidney-yang deficiency symptoms.

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; drug therapy ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Motility ; Yang Deficiency ; drug therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of tramadol hydrochloride with behavioral modification in delaying ejaculation in patients with premature ejaculation.

METHODSSeventy-two potent men with premature ejaculation were equally and randomly assigned to a treatment group and control group, the former received 50 mg tramadol hydrochloride with behavioral modification approximately 2 hours before planned sexual activity, while the latter underwent behavioral therapy only, both treated for 8 weeks. Intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), intercourse satisfaction of the partners, total therapeutic effectiveness, adverse reactions, and hepatic and renal function of the patients were recorded and compared before and after the treatment.

RESULTSBoth the treatment and the control groups showed significant differences from pretreatment in the mean IELT and intercourse satisfaction domain values (P < 0.01). The total rate of effectiveness was 72.2% in the treatment group and 47.2% in the control. The former exhibited even more significant improvement than the latter in the mean IELT, intercourse satisfaction domain values and total rate of effectiveness (P < 0.05). Adverse reactions occurred in 10 cases (27.8%), and no statistically significant differences were found in hepatic and renal function before and after treatment (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTramadol hydrochloride with behavioral modification showed positive effects in prolonging IELT and improving partners' intercourse satisfaction. Yet more multicenter and double-blind studies are required to evaluate its efficacy and safety as a routine therapy for premature ejaculation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Behavior Therapy ; Ejaculation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological ; therapy ; Tramadol ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome