Rabbits were sensitized by Ginseng polysaccharide then the serum of the rabbits was collected and tested for the cytotoxity activity. The cytotoxic experiment in vitro revealed that the serum has cytotoxity in various degrees against maligant tumor cell lines of human and murine. The partly separated and purified immuned serum was injected into the Ehrlich 180 solid tumors of BALB/C mice. The fascinating hemorrhagic necrosis were find in the solid tumor. The bio-logical and physical feature of purified immuned serum were also analysed. The results indicate that the Ginseng polysaccharide can induce the endogenous production of TNF. The rabbit TNF was stable at 56℃ 30min. This results provided a reliable theoretic basis for the application of Ginseng polysaccharide in anti - tumor treatment.

CBS(Case Based Study)is a new teaching method,which is based on the case given.It requires students to answer questions according to the case. In the teaching,the students who are divided into groups,seek for resolvent by themselves. They should combine the information provided in the case,find the key answer and the relationship.The students gain the knowledge by reviewing and studying in the textbook,then analyse and solve questions with them. The application of CBS could make knowledge more relatively and systematic, moreover,it also make study more actively and initiatively.

Objective To assss the clinical significance of Cystatin C(Cys C)as a marker of renal function in kidney transplant patients especially when infection or acute rejection occured.Methods Among 65 renal transplant recipients the concentrations of serum Cys C and serum creatinine(Scr)were determined before and one month after the transplantation,and also in the day and next day of occurrence of infection or rejection.Meanwhile,30 healthy persons and 30 infected patients without kidney transplantations were served as control.Results The concentrations of Cys C were nearly equal between healthy persons and the infected patients without kidney transplantations(P = 0.32).The level of serum Cys C and Scr dropped quickly in the first 3 days after transplantation(decreased by 69.2%,74.7%,75.8% for Cys C and 38.4%,74.5%,81.4% for Scr)(P

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on rat graft arteriosclero- sis and the mechanism.Methods The rat abdominal aortic allograft model was used.All rats were divided into three groups:isograft control group (Wistar to Wistar),allograft group (Wistar to SD) and allograft paclitaxel-treated group (Wistar to SD).Rats in allograft paclitaxel-treated group re- ceived paclitaxel (2 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)) from the operation day to post-operative day 14 and others received same dosage of vehicle (0.9% normal saline).Animals were sacrificed and the grafts were harvested at 30th day after operation.Intimal proliferation was studied by light microscopy.The apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was detected by transmission electronic microscopy and termi- nal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method.Results Morphological analysis showed that grafts had no change after operation in isograft control group,but in allograft group intimal proliferation,inflammatory cells infiltration in neointima and adventitia and stenosis of allografts were obvious.After treatment with paclitaxel,there was a significant decrease in intimal proliferation,inflammatory cells infiltration and stenosis.Apoptosis index of VSMCs was higher in the allograft paclitaxel-treated group than other groups.Conclusion Paclitaxel can inhibit intimal pro- liferation in aortic allografts and prevent the graft from arteriosclerosis possibly by inducing the apoptosis of VSMCs.

A piece of news was introduced into pharmacology course examination.Students were asked to make comments on the news based on pharmacology knowledge or principles.All points of view were summarized and given back to the students after the examination. The right way to answer the question was discussed and a consensus on the answer was reached.lt was indicated that the teaching method in the trial is helpful for improvement of students' overall analytical skills.

BACKGROUND:Impaired balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels is a crucial pathological mechanism of osteoporosis. Mechanical loads applied to bone tissue can increase bone formation and improve bone strength, and meanwhile lead to the release of extracelular nucleotides, such as adenosine triphosphate.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of adenosine triphosphate on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS:The effect of adenosine triphosphate (10, 50, 250 μmol/L) on differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels were measured by osteogenic and adipogenic related genes expression, alizarin red staining and oil red O staining. The activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway by adenosine triphosphate was tested using western blot assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Incubation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels with adenosine triphosphate resulted in the dose-dependent increase of osteogenic genes expression and calcium deposition, and inhibition of adipogenic genes expression and lipid droplet formation, but had no effects on cel proliferation. Adenosine triphosphate activated ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and U0126 as an ERK1/2 inhibitor restrained the effect of adenosine triphosphate on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels.

Recent meta-analysis based on both clinical trials and epidemiological studies has revealed the relationship of dietary cholesterol,blood cholesterol level and cholesterol lowering drugs (statins) with colorectal cancer.This review summarises the advances in current evidences of linking cholesterol metabolism and risk of colorectal cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms based on pharmacogenetics and molecular pathology.

OBJECTIVE: To study the anatomic characteristics of recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery. METHOD: A retrospective review of surgical data of 307 patients undertook thyroid surgery was conducted. RESULT: Total 342 recurrent laryngeal nerves were identified during the surgery(184 on the right side, left 158). 215 (62.9%) nerves were deep to the inferior thyroid artery, 106(31.0%)were superficial to the artery, 21(7.5%) were between the arterial branches. A nerve bifurcation was found in 203(59.4%). None of nerve bifurcation was found in 136(39.8%). 3(0.9%)were confirmed to hold non-recurrent laryngeal nerves during operations. No patient showed permanent laryngeal recurrent nerve paralysis postoperatively. CONCLUSION The careful dissection and protection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was an effective method to prevent its injury during thyroid surgery.
Arteries ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Dissection ; Humans ; Postoperative Period ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Gland ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; Vocal Cord Paralysis

ObjectiveTo study the speciality of hemodynamics in middle cerebral artery(MCA) by means of transcranial color Doppler ultrasound(TCCD) at different tilting angles in patients with cervical and thoracic spinal cord injury.Methods48 patients with spinal cord injury were involved. The velocity of peak systolic(PSV), end diastolic(EDV) and mean velocity(MV) of MCA on the tiltable at 0°,30°,60°,80° were measured.ResultsThere was no significant difference in PSV between 0°and 30°(P>0.05), while EDV and MV showed very significant (P<0.01)from 0°to 30°,60°and 80° position. From 0°to 60°,80°,there were differences not only at EDV and MV, but also PSV(P<0.01).ConclusionThe velocities of MCA were changed at different tilting angles in the patients with spinal cord injury.

Aim To study the effect of Baoxinbao film on endothelin(ET) and nitric oxide(NO) secretion in patients with stable angina pectoris(SAP).Methods 76 patients with SAP were randomly divided into two groups, with 40 cases in the baoxinbao group plastered with baoxinbao film and 36 cases in the isosorbide dinitrate group receiving isosorbide dinitrate. The levels of plasma ET and NO before and after treatment were observed. Results The concentrations of plasma ET were increased and plasma NO reduced significantly in the SAP patients respectively, as compared with those in the control group(all P