Child ; Child Welfare ; China ; Health Services, Indigenous ; Humans

Objective To investigate the effect of excessive fluoride,aluminum on Zn,Fe,Ca,Mg,Cuin rat blood.Methods Forty eight SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups matched with their weights:control group,high aluminum group,high fluorine group and high fluorine-aluminum group.Aluminum content in their drinking water was 0,90,0,90 mg/L respectively.Fluorine content of their feed was 5.2,5.2,106.0,106.0 mg/kg and aluminum Was 6.8,6.8,19.7,19.7 mg/kg respectively.90 days later,the level of blood Zn,Fe,Ca,Mg, Cu Was detected by the atomic absorption spectrometry.Results Compared among these groups,Zn,Fe,Mg and Cu content of the whole blood had significant difierences(F=46.25,14.74,6.10,2.93,P<0.05),while Ca content of the whole blood did not significantly change(F=2.81.P>0.05).Factorial analysis showed that excessive intake of aluminum could significantly decreased Zn,Fe,Mg content of the blood(F=42.66,5.41,7.04,P<0.05)and excessive intake of fluorine could significantly decreased Zn,Fe,Mg,Cu content of the blood(F=64.50,37.90,9.75,6.74, P<0.05).The coexistence offluorine and Muminum had interaction to the level of Zn(F=31.59,P<0.05)and did not obviously interact with other elements(F=0.91,1.63,1.51.0.00,P>0.05).Compared with the control group [(131.30 ±13.86)μmol/L,(10.24 ±1.02),(1.71 ±0.19)mmol/L,(20.43 ±4.42)μmol/L],Zn content in the high aluminum group[(90.84±9.98)μmol/L]decreased significantly(P<0.05),so did Zn,Fe,Mg content in tlle high fluorine group[(85.85 ±10.92)μmol/L,(8.49 ±0.68),(1.52 ±0.13)mmol/L],the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05)0Zn,Fe,Mg,Cu content in the high fluorine-aluminum group,being(82.82 ±11.00)μmol/L, (8.16±0.45),(1.46±0.09)mmoL/L,(15.69±2.38)μmol/L,respectively,all decreased signitlcarIdy(P<0.05). Compared with the high aluminum group[(9.43±1.09)mmol/L],Fe content of the high fluorine aluminum group[(8.16±0.45)mmol/L]decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusions Excessive fluoride can cause blood zn, Fe,Mg,Cu decline,so can excessive aluminum.Combination of excessive fluofine and aiuminum has 8ignificant synergic effect on the level of Zn but have rio influence on Ca.

Objective To observe the effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase activiting polypeptide (PACAP) on traumatic brain injury (TBI) and on tbeCD4+/CD8+ T cell number in blood and spleen of rats.MethodsThe male SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into sham operation group ( n =6),normal saline + TBI group ( n =6) and PACAP + TBI group ( n =6).Right parietal cortical contusion was produced by a weight-dropping method.PACAP was administered intra-cerebroventricularly in a dose of 1 μg/5 μl 20 min before TBI.Brain tissue samples were taken 24 h after trauma.The injured brain tissue of rats was examined by HE stain.The numbers of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in blood and spleen were deteced with flow cytometry.Results Edema,hemorrhage,inflammatory cell infiltration,swollen,degenerated neurons and neurons arrayed disorderly around the injured cortex in hippocampus were found under light microscope.The average numbers of CD4 + T lymphocytes counts in blood and spleen were lower ( P =0.000,P =0.005 ),and number of CD8 + T lymphocytes was higher ( P =0.01 ) in TBI rats group than those in the sham operation group.Micro-injection of PACAP into cerebroventricular attenuated the injury,significantly increased the number of CD4 + T lymphocytes in blood and spleen ( P =0.019,P =0.839),and decreased the number of CD8 + T lymphocytes.ConclusionsPretreatment with PACAP may protect against TBI via influencing periphery T cellular immune function.

AIM: To measure the macular thickness of normal young people by 3D 1000 optical coherence tomography (OCT) and study the repeatability of measuring results and the relationship between the thicknesses of macular and gender. At the same time, to compare our result with the data of other types of OCT, and to understand the consistency of the measuring results of macular thickness of different types of OCT.
METHODS: Totally 222 eyes in 111 young people were detected using 3D scan mode of Topcon 3D OCT 1000 (ver 2.4 ) . Twelve cases ( 24 eyes ) underwent repeatability check. We took transverse comparison between our measured results with other research's results.
RESULTS: There were 111 cases of young people, whose age were from 18-27 years old, all uncorrected and corrected visual acuity were≥1. 0, all intraocular pressure were <21mmHg. The average thickness of all macular region was 273. 32±17.08μm. Retinal volume of macular area was 7. 73 ± 0.37mm3 . Center thickness was 161 -264μm, and the average thickness was 200. 13±18. 81μm. Central macular thickness were 188 - 273μm, and the average thickness was 229. 00 ± 18. 20μm. The central macular thickness in men was significantly greater than that in women, and there was statistical difference. The results of repeated check of 12 cases ( 24 eyes ) in the macular area were no statistical difference except the outer ring of nasal quadrant, and the repeatability of average thickness in central macular thickness was better than in center thickness.
CONCLUSION:The repeatability of macular examination is good. The central macular thickness can be better repeated than the center thickness. The central macular thickness is 229. 00±18. 20μm in young people, according to the 3D 1000 OCT measurements. There are statistical difference of central macular thickness between different genders.

Aim To study relative bioavailablity of cefaclor effervescent tablets in healthy volunteers. Methods According to the crossover design, A volunteers were each orally given a single does of the 0.75 g cefaclor effervescent tablets and cefaclor capsules with an interval of 5 days between the two formulations.The plasma concentrations of the drug were determined by RP-HPLC.Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by ATPK programe,and calculated on the basis of open single compartment model.Results After a single oral dose, the peak levels in plasma averaged Cmax(31.27?5.81)?g?ml-1 and(30.56?5.25) ?g?ml-1 at (0.58?0.12)h and(0.73?0.17)h and AUC0～4(35.48?4.65) ?g?h?ml-1 and (35.89?2.90) ?g?h?ml-1 for tablet and capsule,respectively. Conclusion The result shows that two formulations are bioequivalence.

OBJECTIVETo analysis the clinical presentation, radiological findings, surgical techniques and outcomes of jugular foramen (JF) schwannomas.

METHODSWe reviewed our 10-year experience in the surgical treatment of 17 patients suffered from JF schwannomas in Hua Shan Hospital, Shanghai. A total of 8 males and 9 females with a mean age of 42 years underwent surgical procedures. A relative long period of 53-month symptomatic history was shown before surgery. The main clinical presentation are vertigo and hearing difficulty in 10 cases, atrophy of unilateral muscles of tongue in 9 cases, involvement of lower cranial nerve in 8 cases. The classification of tumors was type A (at cerebellopontine angle with minimal enlargement of the JF) in five cases, type B (JF with intracranial extension) in 3 cases, type C (extracranial tumors with JF extension) in 2 cases and type D (dumbbell-shaped with both intra-and extracranial components) in 7 cases.

RESULTSFar lateral approaches were used in 10 cases, retrosigmoid suboccipital approaches were used in 5 cases. Submandibular approaches were selected in other 2 cases. Gross total removal was achieved in 12 cases, and subtotal removal in 5 cases. Follow-up revealed marked improvement from preoperative symptoms in 9 cases and no additional deficits in 3 cases. 5 cases suffered from additional neurological deficits. There were two cases of temporary hoarseness and gradually improved within follow-up. Two patients suffered from swallowing problems as a new deficit. One patient had facial palsy.

CONCLUSIONSJF schwannomas can be surgically treated with relative good outcomes. Surgical approaches should be tailored according to the tumor extension.

Accessory Nerve Diseases ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Glossopharyngeal Nerve Diseases ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurilemmoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Vagus Nerve Diseases ; diagnosis ; surgery

Objective To investigate our early results of robot-assisted esophagectomy (RAE) and present our learning curve experience with the largest study from one-single institution of China.Methods Between November 2015 and April 2017,a series of consecutive patients undergoing RAE at Shanghai Chest Hospital were reviewed.The patients'demographics,operative and postoperative outcomes were demonstrated.Results A total of 154 patients underwent RAE during the study.All patients received Mckeown esophagectomy and extensive thoraco-abdominal two-field lymph node dissection.Of these,122 were male and 32 were female.The mean total operative duration was 179-445 (271.0 ±61.5) min and the operative duration of the thoracic phase was 51-142 (96.7 ± 27.0)min.The mean estimated blood loss was 100 -1 000 (230.4 ±74.4)ml.The pathological results showed that 150 had squamous cell carcinoma,2 had adenocarcinoma,and 2 had small cell carcinoma.The R0 resection was 92.2％.The mean number of lymph node dissection was 11-64 (20.4 ± 8.5) and the lymph node sampling rate along left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) were 92.2％ and 88.3％.The morbidity was present in 64 of 154 patients (41.6％).The major complications rate was anastomotic leak (12.3％),and vocal cord paralysis (16.9％).Intensive care unit (ICU) hospital stay time was 0-27 (2.7 ± 3.6) d,the median length of hospital stay was 7-81 (15.8 ± 11.6)days.There was no 90-day mortality.Conclusions RAE is a safe and feasible alternative for treatment of esophageal cancer.RAE can improve the efficacy of lymph node dissection,especially for the lymphadenectomy along recurrent laryngeal nerve.

BACKGROUND: The effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) during traumatic brain injury (TBI) and whether it can modulate secondary injury has not been reported previously. The present study evaluated the potential protective effects of ventricular infusion of PACAP in a rat model of TBI. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups (n=6, each): sham-operated, vehicle (normal saline)+TBI, and PACAP+TBI. Normal saline or PACAP (1g/5L) was administered intracerebroventricularly 20 minutes before TBI. Right parietal cortical contusion was produced via a weight-dropping method. Brains were extracted 24 hours after trauma. Histological changes in brains were examined by HE staining. The numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in blood and the spleen were detected via flow cytometry. RESULTS: In injured brain regions, edema, hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and swollen and degenerated neurons were observed under a light microscope, and the neurons were disorderly arrayed in the hippocampi. Compared to the sham group, average CD4+ CD8– lymphocyte counts in blood and the spleen were significantly decreased in rats that received TBI+vehicle, and CD4– CD8+ were increased. In rats administered PACAP prior to TBI, damage was attenuated as evidenced by significantly increased CD4+, and decreased CD8+, T lymphocytes in blood and the spleen. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with PACAP may protect against TBI by influencing periphery T cellular immune function.

Objective To investigate the current situation of the exercise, relevant knowledge and impact factors in pregnant women during pregnancy, providing references to instruct pregnant women to do suitable exercise. Methods Self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate the exercise behavior and cognition in 3 099 pregnant women who visited the clinic for first-time prenatal examination at Jiading District of Shanghai. Results It was found in investigation that 65.21% pregnant women often did exercise, of whom 29.14% did less than 20 minutes exercise every time, while 60.96% did 20 to 40 minutes, and 9.90% did more than 40 minutes.Slow-walking was the majority choice, which counted for 87.14% in pregnant women.And 34.79% pregnant women did not do exercise, mainly due to "wouldn't like to do exercise" or "don't have time for it".Age, body mass index (BMI), educational level with the pregnant women as well as their husbands impact factors related to their exercise behavior during pregnancy (P<0.01). Conclusion At present, pregnant women exercise mode is unitary during pregnancy.Doctors and nurses should advocate more on health education for them, and family members should be involved in health education program as well.We should improve the education health system and give full play to the advantages of the Internet, train obstetricians, nutritionists, community doctors and other weight management professionals, improve service capabilities, and instruct pregnant women to choose safe and effective exercise during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of pubic fractures reducted and fixed thorough the punctiform incision approach.

METHODSFrom 2002 to 2005, 10 cases with 18 fractures of pubis rami (8 male and 2 female) were treated with inserting construction plate by the punctiform incision approach. The average age of these patients was 37.2 years (range, 24 to 56 years). The mean duration between injury and operation was 8.7 days (range, 4 to 14 days).

RESULTSInternal fixation for eighteen pubis fractures were accomplished by 28 punctiform incisions. The blood loss for each incision was averagely 30 ml, operation time of each pubic was about 45 minutes. Function restoration was evaluated by Majeed' score and all patients gained excellent result.

CONCLUSIONThe fracture of pubic rami can be fixed sucessfully by punctiform incision approach. It provides smaller incision, less postoperative complications and excellent function rehabilitation.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pubic Bone ; surgery