China ; Humans ; Pulmonary Medicine

It is important to explore the fundamental medical concepts which can enhance the overall quality of medical students in the department of geriatrics during clinical practice. These funda-mental medical concepts include medical humanistic spirit,holistic medicine,health management and patient-physician communication. Specific measures include improving emotional communication of clini-cal interns in department of geriatrics with elderly patients,training student's thinking as a whole towards multiple system disease in the elderly,training students to assess and manage elderly patients from a vari-ety of perspectives and improving doctor-patient communication skills by routine clinical teaching and teaching ward round. All these concepts will help improve the working ability and medical ethics of clini-cal interns and enable them to adapt to the clinical work quickly. So they can become qualified doctors.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cystic Fibrosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To establish the method to analyze γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and its precursors 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in urine through LC-MS/MS and provide evidence for related cases. METHODS: GHB-d6 and MOR-d3 were used as the internal standard. The urine sample was separated by LC after protein precipitation with methanol. The electrospray ion source was for ionization. Each compound was detected through multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. RESULTS: The limits of detection of GHB and its precursors 1,4-BD and GBL were 0.1, 0.1 and 2 μg/mL. The accuracy was 87.6%-98.1%. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 15% and matrix effects were higher than 80%. CONCLUSION The method is high sensitive, simple, rapid, specific and with high reliability. This study has provided technical support and basic data for forensic cases involving GHB.
4-Butyrolactone/urine* ; Butylene Glycols/urine* ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Forensic Sciences ; Humans ; Hydroxybutyrates/urine* ; Mass Spectrometry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of regulatory T cells (Treg ) and the surface expression of programmed death (PD)‐1 and the level of transforming growth factor (TGF )‐βduring antiviral treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) .Methods Eighty‐six CHC patients referred to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2012 to October 2013 were included ,and all of them were administered with pegylated interferon α‐2a and ribavirin .Thirty healthy controls were enrolled .The percentage of Treg cells ,PD‐1 expression and TGF‐β level were analyzed by flow cytometry at baseline and at time of achieving rapid virological response (RVR ) , early viral virological (EVR ) , end‐of‐treatment virological response (ETVR ) and sustained virological response (SVR) ,or not achieving SVR .Comparison between two groups was analyzed by t test .Results Among 86 CHC patients ,the proportions of RVR ,EVR ,ETVR ,and SVR at week 24 of follow‐up were 29 cases ,67 cases ,79 cases and 67 cases ,respectively .Percentage of Treg cells in CHC patients was much higher than that in healthy controls (10 .31 ± 5 .61 vs 2 .18 ± 0 .65 ,t = 2 .28 , P< 0 .05) .During antiviral therapy ,percentages of Treg cells declined ,not only in CHC patients with HCV genotype 1b (at baseline , RVR ,EVR ,and ETVR :14 .44 ± 3 .78 ,11 .01 ± 1 .79 ,8 .24 ± 2 .98 ,and 5 .36 ± 1 .47 ,respectively ) ,but also in those infected with HCV genotype 2a (at baseline ,RVR ,EVR ,and ETVR :12 .34 ± 2 .82 ,8 .99 ± 1 .68 ,7 .53 ± 2 .96 ,and 4 .79 ± 1 .23 ,respectively ) .Expressions of PD‐1 and TGF‐β also decreased .At baseline ,the expressions of PD‐1 in patients with SVR and without SVR were 29 .11 ± 14 .65 and 37 .73 ± 11 .65 ,respectively (t = 2 .15 , P = 0 .04) ,and the levels of TGF‐β were 41 .20 ± 18 .96 and 56 .75 ± 14 .42 ,respectively (t= 2 .66 ,P< 0 .01) .At week 24 ,the expressions of PD‐1 in patients with SVR and without SVR were 10 .36 ± 4 .81 and 36 .46 ± 10 .52 ,respectively (t= 13 .95 ,P< 0 .01) ,and the levels of TGF‐β were 10 .06 ± 4 .64 and 45 .23 ± 17 .85 , respectively ( t = 11 .85 , P < 0 .01 ) . Conclusions Percentages of Treg cells and expressions of PD‐1 and TGF‐β decrease during antiviral treatment in CHC patients .Thus ,it could be of assist to predict the treatment response by monitoring these parameters .

This study is to determine six chlorogenic acids (chlorogenic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid) by quantitative analysis of multi-components with a single marker (QAMS). Chlorogeinc acid was used as internal reference to calculate the relative correction factors (RCF) of five compounds. Then the ruggedness of relative correction factors was tested on different instruments and columns. Meanwhile, a total of 4 batches of Lonicerae Flos and 20 batches of Lonicerae Flos extract with five different processing procedures were analyzed by external standard method (ESM) and QAMS, respectively. The ruggedness of relative correction factors was good. And the analytical results calculated by ESM and QAMS showed no difference. The quantitative method established was suitable for the quality evaluation of Lonicerae Flos extract.
Biomarkers ; analysis ; Chlorogenic Acid ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Lonicera ; chemistry

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antipsychotic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Haloperidol ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Materia Medica ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Schizophrenia ; drug therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of super oxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde concentration in the serum and adrenal grands of patients with adrenocortica diseases. Methods 12 patients with adrenal hyperplasia and 10 patients with adrenal adenoma which were carried out hospital surgery and confirmed by pathology, and 11 cases of normal as controls were selected.The serum level of Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD and MDA before operation, and Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD positive cells percentage of adrenal tissue were compared between three groups. Results Before adrenalectomy SOD activity was lower(P <0.05)and MDA concentration was higher in serum(P<0.05)than the control group.Cu/Zn-SOD positive cell was lower in adrenocortical adenoma tissue than that of adrenocorticohyperplasia and normal cortex(P <0.05).Mn-SOD positive cell had a significant difference among adrenocortical hyperplasia, adrenocortical adenoma and normal adrenal cortex tissue(P <0.05).Both SOD positive cell in adrenocortical adenoma tissue were the lowest of all.In addition,the expression of SOD in tissue had a significant positive correlation with serological expression in study group. Conclusion The superoxide dismutase activities and malondialdehyde concentration seemed to change with adrenocortica diseases.The detection of superoxide dismutase activities and malondialdehyde concentration in the serum and adrenal grands could be the potential methods for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of adrenocortica diseases.

Objective To develop an efficient method for the determination of activity of human lymphocyte kynureninase by high performance liquid chromatography. Methods Protein containing kynureninase was extracted from lymphocytes.The reaction was made with 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid as substrate and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate as coenzyme.The product was determined by high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection.(Results)Standard curve of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid was highly linear over the range from 2 to 400 nmol/L.The intra-day coefficient of variation(CV) was less than 3.0% and the inter-day CV was less than 3.2%. Conclusion(The developed) assay is efficient and can be used to determine the activity of kynureninase from kinds of tissues.

Objective To explore the simplified method by examining the levels of luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),estradid(E2) and stosterone(T) at different times in the stimutation test of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone(LHRH).Methods Sixty patients with precocious puberty accepted LHRH stimutation test.The levels of E2,T,FSH,LH before injection and after 30,60,90 minutes were compaired.The levels of stimutation test of LHRH examined with ACS:180 chemiluminesence.Results There were 39 patients in the group of central precocious puberty(CPP).The levels of FSH and LH in CPP group significantly increased after LHRH 30 minutes injection.The ratio of LH/FSH was higher than 1.The peak level of LH was higher than 12 IU/L.There were 21 patients in group of peripheral precocious puberty(PPP).Compared with the results before injection,the levels of LH were similar to the results of 30,60 and 90 minutes after LHRH injection.Compared with the result before injection,the levels of E2 and T were similar to the result of 60 minutes after LHRH injection.The peak levels of LH and FSH in two groups all focused in 30,60 minutes.Conclusions LHRH stimutation test is mainly based on the peak level of LH and the ratio of LH/FSH,the test can be simplified to examine the levels the of LH and FSH before the test and 30,60 minutes after injection as a basis for the clinical diagnosis.