Objective In order to protect the natural resources of Swertia bimaculata which has been destroyed seriously,the method of artificial propagation by way of tissue culture have been systematically studied.Methods The stems,leaves,and stems with buds which were from the seedlings germinated from the seeds on the initial medium were taken as explants.These explants were cultured on MS culture media by adding different portions of hormones at various cultural conditions.Results The stems were the best material in speeding propagation among the three explants.The proper initial medium for the stems was MS+ BA 0.5 mg/L+saccharose 3.0%,the optimum medium for proliferation was MS+BA 0.5 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L+saccharose 3.0%,and the best medium for rooting was 1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+saccharose 1.5%.Conclusion Tissue culture of S.bimaculata could make its propagation rapid,its resources preserved,and its utilization last.

In this study, the embryological characters of Pterocypsela formosana (Asteraceae) were investigated with the traditional paraffin section methods. The anther has 4 sporangiates, the anther wall development follows the dicotyledonous type and comprises of an epidermis, endothelium, a middle layer and a single-layered tapetum, the tapetum belongs to glandular type. Meiosis of the microspore mother cells is of the simultaneous type, for the formation of mostly tetrahedral tetrad, the mature pollen grains are 2 celled. The ovary is bicarpellate, unilocular, one ovule and basal placenta, the ovule is unitegmic, tenuinucellate, inverted campylotropous and with developed endothelium, archesporial cell of megaspore differentiates immediately below the nucellar epidermis and functions as megasporocyte after development and belongs to tenuinucellate ovule type. The megasporocyte undergoes meitotic to form a liner tetrad, only one chalazal megaspore becomes the functional megaspore which forms female gametophyte including 7-celled and 8-nucleated after three successive mitosis, the female gametophyte is of the Polygonum type. Two polar nuclei melt into a secondary nuclei before fertilization, the chalazal antipodal cells are ephemeral and degenerate shortly after forming. Fertilization is porogamous and belongs to premitotic type of syngamy. The division of the primary endosperm nucleus is earlier than the zygote, the endosperm is of the nuclear type with the presence of haustoria, and the embryogeny belongs to asterad type chicory variant. The developed suspensor on early stage has important significance to the embryo development.
Asteraceae ; embryology ; Meiosis ; Reproduction

[Objective] To investigate the characteristics of PD-1/PD-L1 expressed on T cell and bladder cancer cell and clinical significance.[Methods] 64 patients with primary bladder cancer were into experiment group and 10 normal people were into control group.Peripheral bloods were used to test the PD-1 expressed on CD8+ T lymphocytes by flow cytometry.Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the PD-L1 expression in tumor and normal specimen.[Results] PD-1 expressed on CD8+T lymphocytes was (2.25 ± 0.60)％ in experiment group and (0.68 ± 0.17)％ in control group,respectively (P ＜ 0.001).And the PD-1 expression on T cell in invasive bladder cancer patient was significant higher than superficial bladder cancer patients [(3.04 ± 0.46)％ vs (0.68± 0.17)％,P ＜ 0.001].The expression of PD-L1 in experiment group was higher than control group,(26/64 vs 0/15,P ＜ 0.001).But there was no different between invasive and superficial bladder cancer patients,(41.3％ vs 38.8％,P ＞ 0.01).[Conclusions] Expression of negative stimulatory molecule PD-1 in CD8+T lymphocytes of peripheral blood is significantly correlated with bladder cancer advanced.Bladder cancer cell was strongly expressed PD-L1,and this expression is not related to cancer advanced.

AIM: To investigate the implication of respiratory microbiology on the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors monotherapy for patients with NSCLC. METHODS: This study was designed as a retrospective study, fifty-eight patients with previously-treated advanced NSCLC who were received PD-1 monotherapy from October 2018 to October 2021 were included. The PD-1 inhibitors were consisted of camrelizumab, sintilimab and pembrolizumab. Additionally, the basic demographic data, therapeutic efficacy data, survival prognosis and adverse reactions during the PD-1 inhibitors treatment were collected and analyzed through the patients' medical records of the department and the electronic medical record system of the hospital. Furthermore, deep induced sputum specimens of the patients before treatment with PD-1 inhibitor were collected. And the respiratory microbiology of 58 samples were detected using 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. The index of respiratory microbiology α diversity was analyzed, and the correlation analysis was performed with the efficacy and prognosis of patients. RESULTS: A total of 58 patients with advanced NSCLC met the study's screening criteria and were evaluable for efficacy and safety profile. Efficacy data suggested that the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) of the patients who received PD-1 inhibitors was 19.0%(95% CI: 9.9%-31.4%) and 55.2% (95% CI: 41.5%-68.3%). Furthermore, prognostic data obtained from follow-up indicated that the median PFS of the 58 patients with advanced NSCLC was 3.2 months (95% CI: 2.29-4.11) and the median OS was 10.5 months (95% CI: 5.58-15.43). Regarding the exploratory analysis between efficacy and respiratory microbiology, the 58 patients with NSCLC were divided into high α diversity group (group H) and low α diversity group (group L) according to Shannon diversity index of respiratory microecology detection. And the association analysis suggested that the ORR of patients with group H and group L was 23.3% and 17.9%(P c 0.380), respectively. Furthermore, prognostic analysis indicated that the median PFS of patients with group H and group L was 3.8 and 2.8 months, respectively, which was statistically significant (P c 0.034). CONCLUSION: PD-1 inhibitors monotherapy demonstrated preliminary efficacy and prognosis as subsequent line treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC. Patients with higher α -diversity of respiratory microbiology might confer a superior prognosis. And the conclusion should be validated in large sample prospective clinical trials subsequently.

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical results of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for posterior Pilon fracture through posterolateral approach.

METHODSSeventeen patients with posterior Pilon fracture were treated through posterolateral approach from February 2010 to April 2013. Among them,including 11 males and 6 females aged from 29 to 59 with an average of 43.4 years old. All fractures were associated with more than 20% of articular surface of distal tibial. The causes of injury included falling down (11 cases), traffic accident (4 cases) and sports injury(6 cases). Fracture classification was based on posterior pilon fracture by YU Guang-rong, including type I (6 cases), type II (2 cases) and type III (6 cases). Fracture healing time, fracture reduction and postoperative complications were observed, AOFAS score were applied to evaluate clinical efficacy.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 13 to 24 months with an average of 20.5 months. All incisions were healed at stage I, and fractures obtained healing,the time of fracture healing ranged from 12 to 21 weeks with an average of 15.2 weeks. No incision infection, neurovascular injury, bone ununion and fracture deformity were found after operation. Postoperative AOFAS score was 92.0 ± 10.2, and 14 cases got excellent results, 2 good and 1 moderate.

CONCLUSIONPosterior pilon fracture through posterolateral approach could obtain effective reduction, stable fixation. It is a safe, simple and effective operation for treating posterior Pilon fracture, and it is worth popularizing.

Adult ; Ankle Fractures ; surgery ; Ankle Joint ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

The mRNA levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue and adiponectin receptor R1 in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats were examined by semi-quatitative RT-PCR.The expression of adiponectin receptor R1 was not altered in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats as compared with normal rats.The serum adiponectin level was decreased in diabetic rats due to the decline of adiponectin mRNA level in adipose tissue and rosiglitazone improved the adiponectin deficiency.

To establish a cell model in vitro that stable expressing HBV by integrating HBA1.3 DNA into cell chromosome. The HBV1.3 full-length DNA was obtained by digested pGEM-HBV1.3 plasmid with HindIII and then was linked with PU-21 vector digested by HindIII. This was resulted in generation of a recombined plasmid named PU21-HBV plasmid. The recombined plasmid was introduced into HepG2 cells by electroporation. The transfected cells were screened with G418. The insertion and expression of HBV were identified by X-gal staining, RT-PCR and Southern blot. The result of PU21-HBV plasmid sequence demonstrated that HBV1.3 DNA was linked correctly with PU-21 vector. A series of positive cell colonies were obtained with G418 screening followed transfecting PU21-HBV plasmid into HepG2 cells. The results of Southern blot and RT-PCR exhibit that HBV1.3 DNA had successfully integrated into the chromosomes of HepG2 cells and had functional HBV gene transcription. HBV1.3 DNA was inserted into HepG2 genome and could stable transcript HBV RNA. The stable HBV expression cell line was constructed successfully. There are LoxP sites in the trapping vector PU21. With the Cre enzyme, interesting genes could be excganged into the LoxP sites. Therefore, double stable expression of interesting gene and HBV cell lines could be generated. The cell lines will be useful for further research some target gene function on replication of HBV.

Objective To evaluate the clinical,microbiological and epidemiological characteristics of enterococcal bloodstream infections (BSIs).Methods Microbiological and clinical data were retrospectively collected and reviewed for the adult patients with enterococcal BSI who were treated in Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 1,2011 to November 30,2013. Results Of the 92 cases of enterococcal BSIs,21 were due to E.faecalis and 71 were caused by E.faecium,respectively.The BSI was hospital acquired in 67 cases.The other were community acquired BSI.E.faecalis BSIs were complicated with uremia (42.9%),heart disease (23.8%),pulmonary infection (19.0%)and central neurological disorder (19.0%),while E. faecium BSIs were complicated with hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases (40.8%),neoplastic disease(40.8%)and pulmonary infection (40.8%).Risk factors for E.faecium acquisition were mainly central venous catheter (73.2%),recent surgey within 30 days (62.0%),elderly patients (52.1%),ICU admission (32.4%)and invasive mechanical ventilation (26.8%).Strains of E.faecalis were 100% susceptible to ampicillin and vancomycin,90.4% to linezolid.Strains of E.faecium were 100%susceptible to linezolid,96.9% to vancomycin, and approximately 90% resistant to ampicillin and penicillin. Logistic with hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases had lower mortality rate than other patients.Conclusions E .faecium is responsible for majority of the enterococcal BSIs.E .faecium strains have higher resistance rate to most antimicrobial agents tested than E . fecalis .Elderly patients,ICU admission,invasive mechanical ventilation and neoplastic diseases are the independent risk factors of 15-day mortality.Adequate antimicrobial therapy within 48 hours can decrease the mortality rate effectively.

In order to demonstrate PTB bind to HPRE,reverse transcription,PCR-mediated detection,were used.HepG2.2.15 cell line and HBs-HPRE transient expression cells were adopted to identify PTB function in HBV life cycle.The results showed that PTB could directly bind to HPRE RNA.Functional analysis indicated that PTB could inhibit the expression of HBs antigen and this inhibition was in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2.2.15 cells.Higher expression of HBs in cells transfected pcDNA3-HBs-HPRE comparing with pcDNA3-HBs,and this high expression could also be inhibited by PTB.The data demonstrated that PTB inhibits HBs expression by interacting with HPRE.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effects and prevent the complications of posterior and anterior decompression and internal fixation in the revision of cervical anterior internal fixation failure.

METHODSFrom 2008 January to 2011 December, 17 patients with cervical anterior internal fixation failure were treated with posterior and anterior decompression and internal fixation. There were 12 males and 5 females, aged from 26 to 68 years old with an average of 44.1 years. The lower screw loosening was found in 6 cases, the upper screw loosening in 5 cases, titanium mesh caving in 3 cases, the upper screw breakage in 2 cases, the lower screw breakage in 1 case. Informations of bone fusion were observed by X-ray, CT, MRI. Clinical effects were evaluated by modified JOA score.

RESULTSAll the revision operations were successfully completed. One case with poor blood coagulation function before operation resulted in postoperative hematoma and occurred neurological symptoms; after hematoma removal and fresh frozen plasma infusion later, neurological symptoms of the patient disappeared. All patients were followed up from 6 to 38 months with an average of (22.4±10.0) months. Postoperative at 2 weeks, 3 months, and final follow-up, JOA score had obviously improved and respectively was 13.1±1.6, 13.4±1.6, 14.2±1.5. All internal fixation locations were good after revision,and obtained bone fusion at 10 months after operation, with an average fusion time of 6 months.

CONCLUSIONThe combined posterior and anterior decompression and internal fixation in the revision of cervical anterior internal fixation failure is safe, can achieve thoroughly decompression, maintain the cervical curvature, reconstruct the three column stability, and it may be used for the patients of cervical anterior fixation failure.

Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged