Objective To investigate antibiotic resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated from female patients. Methods:Antimicrobial susceptibility of N.gonorrhoeae to 7 antibiotics was tested by disk diffusion method and penicillinase- producing N.gonorrhea(PPNG)was confirmed by nitrocefin disk.Results:Of the 95 strains collected,38(40%)were found to be PPNG.No resistance to spectinomycin was identified.The susceptibility rate of these isolates to penicillin,tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin were much lower,only from 0% to 2.6%.More than 90% of the isolates were susceptible to cefuroxime, ceftriaxone,and ceftizoxime.Conclusions:Our study suggests that spectinomycin,cefuroxime,ceftriaxone,ceftizoxime are the first choice for treatment of gonorrhea in female patients.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors concentrate on the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction and participate in the neuromuscular transmission,which is of great importance to normal muscle function. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a kind of pentamer.There are 2 types of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor due to the different subunit:fetal type ?-AChR (? 2???) and adult type ?-AChR(? 2???). This article reviews the difference of 2 types of nAChR in expression period,distribution,regulation mechanism and physiological significance.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and influence factors of a new silver salt method for determination of arsenic in drinking water. Methods Arsenic was determined at different reaction temperature,acidity, specification and addition of zinc granular, fill weight of lead acetate cotton, and the effect of these factors on assay results was observed. Arsenic in drinking water was determined in accordance with standard test methods (GB/T 5750.6) of the new silver method. Results The recoveries of the arsenic were 75.3％ - 93.6％(F =9.21,P ＜ 0.01 ) with reaction temperature at 10 - 30 ℃, and the best reaction temperature was 25 ℃. The recoveries of the arsenic ranged from 80.3％ - 91.6％(F =4.67, P＜ 0.05) when sulfuric acid was 3.0 - 6.0 ml and the best value was 5.0 ml. The recoveries of the honeycomb structural zinc granular(diameter 0.2 - 0.3, 0.3 - 0.4 mm) and button zinc granular were 87.2％, 90.7％ and 83.0％, respectively; the best specification was 0.3 - 0.4 mm. The recoveries of zinc granular weight(3 - 5 g ) were 74.6％ - 91.7％, respectively; the best was 5 g. The recoveries ranged from 79.6％ - 91.3％ with fill weight of lead acetate cotton at 25 - 100 mg, the best fill weight was 50 mg.The recoveries of the arsenic were 90.7％, 92.5％, 81.5％ and 74.2％ with lead acetate cotton length at 0.5 - 2.0 cm,and the best loose-tight degree was 1.0 cm. The stability time of arsine solution was 5.0, 4.0, 2.5 h with corresponding temperature at 20, 25, 30 ℃, respectively. ConclusionsIn order to ensure precision and accuracy of the measurement, it is necessary to control reaction temperature, acidity, specification and addition of zinc granular free from arsenic, fill weight of lead acetate cotton and loose-tight degree in the reaction system.

Objective To observe the expressions of stem cell factor(SCF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor(M-CSF) in bronchoaveolar lavage fluid(BALF) of asthmatic mouse,and the effect of bacillus calmette-guerin(BCG) intervention on them.Methods Thirty Kunming rats were randomly divided into asthmatic group,BCG intervention group and control group,each group had 10 rats.Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish asthmatic model.Asthmatic mice were injected intradermally with BCG on 7,3,1 d before sensitization.After 24 h of last challenge,BALF were collected.The total cells and eosinophils(EOS) were counted in the BALF.The SCF and M-CSF levels of BALF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The number of total cells and EOS [(27.06?4.25)?107 L-1,(7.58?1.30)?107 L-1]in BALF in asthmatic mice were more than those in control group[(4.93?1.43)?107 L-1,0](Pa0.05).The M-CSF level also increased noticeably in asthmatic mice[(204.30?10.39) ng/L] compared with the control group[(181.33?8.63) ng/L](P

Objective To investigate the treatment of combined subclavian artery and brachial plexus injury. Methods Since 1994, we have treated 5 cases of combined subclavian artery and brachial plexus injury. 2 of them were cut wound, 1 gun shot wound, and 2 blunt trauma. 2 cases had combined aneurysm and 1 had combined aneurysm plus A V fistula. According to the sites of subclavian artery injury, vein graft( 1 case) , suture repair( 1 cases) and ligation (1 case) were performed. The 2 cases of blunt trauma underwent only neurolysis because of masses of hematoma and tissue adhesion. Results The 3 cases of open injury who had underwent early repair of artery and nerve had various degrees of recovery of nerve functions and experienced no pain in the injured extremities. As for the 2 cases of blunt trauma, 1 got only pain relief and 1 had no recovery. Conclusion Dysfunction due to hematoma or progressive pseudoaneurysm compression on the brachial plexus can be relieved and patients can get maximal rehabilitation if hematoma or aneurysm is managed in time and the brachial plexus nerve is decompressed early.

BACKGROUND:Arthroscopic treatment of tibial eminence fracture requires tiny wire,induces less epiphyseal plate damage during operations,obtains strong fixations,alows early movement postoperatively,obviously attenuate the injuries,facilitate wound healing,and reduce complications.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biocompatibility of arthroscopic reduction and wire fixation in treatment of fresh and old tibial eminence fractures.METHODS:Twenty-five patients with fresh and old tibial eminence fractures were treated with arthroscopic reduction and wire fixation from January 2010 to April 2012 in the Second People's Hospital of Yichang City.The postoperative fracture healing time and knee function improvement in the two groups were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the fresh fracture patients,the fracture healing time was longer,Lachman test positive rate was higher in the old fracture patients than (P＜0.05),knee flexion and extension activity and Lysholm score were lower (P＜0.05).Experimental findings indicate that,arthroscopic reduction and wire fixation is a feasible clinical treatment of fresh and old tibial intercondylar eminence fractures.

Adolescent ; Atrial Appendage ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial ; diagnosis ; Tachycardia, Sinus ; diagnosis

Objeetlve To avoid inserting the tip of the central venous catheter into internal jugular vein (IJV) through subclavian vein under ultrasound guidance.Methods sixty breast cancel patients aged 28-63 yr weighing 41-70 kg who needed long-term intravenous infusion and chemotherapy through central venous catheter were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=30 each):control group (group C) and ultrasound group (group U).In group C the insertion of central venous catheter through subclavian vein was guided by pulsatile injection of ice-cold saline.In group U ultrasound detector (type HFL 38/13-6 MH,Sonosite Co,USA) was used to guide the insertion of tbe central vesons catheter.The position of the catheter tip was verified by X-ray radiography.The rate of successful placement at 1st attempt was calculated.Results The tip of the central venous catheter was correctly placed in the vena cava and right atrium in all patients in group U (success rate 100%),while in group C the tip was misplaced in IJV in 6 patients (success rate 80%) and had to be replaced.Conclusion Ultrasound guidance is effective for correct placement of the tip of central venous catheter in the vema cava and right atrium through subclavian vein.

Objective To analyze the relationship between daytime sleepiness and oxygen desaturation in the male eldcrly with obstructive sleep apnea /hyponea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods 147 male elderly (aged 60-80 years) with OSAHS in our sleep laboratory from March 2008 to February 2011 were divided into daytime sleepiness and daytime non-sleepiness groups. Epworth sleeping scale (ESS) and polysomnography (PSG) were employed to detect the degree of sleepiness.Oxygen desaturation were evaluated by oxygen desaturation index (ODI),average and minimum blood oxygen,time percentage of 90％ oxygen desaturation (CT90). Resulls There were significant differences between the two groups in body mass index (BMI) (t=4.157),ODI (t=-10.063),average (t=5.800) and minimum (U=916) blood oxygen,CT90(U=887)and apnca/hypopneaindex (AHI) (t =-11.361) (all P＜0.001).ESS scores were related with desaturation parameters of ODI,average and minimum blood oxygen and CT90 (r=0.683,-0.450,-0.583,0.507,all P＜0.001).ODI was correlated with average and minimum blood oxygen and CT00 (r=-0.628,-0.763,0.689,all P＜0.001).Among parameters of oxygen desaturation,only ODI had influence on ESS scores (odds ratio=1.11,95％CI:1.07 1.15),The sensitivity and specificity predicting daytime sleepiness at ODI ≥23 times/h were about 79.2％ and 84.3％,respectively.Conclusions Daytime sleepiness is associated with oxygen desaturaion and may be predicted by ODI through which average and minimum blood oxygen and CT00 are related with daytime sleepiness in the male elderly with OSAHS.

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of hepatic resection for huge primary liver carcinoma (PLC). Methods 216 cases of huge PLCs(mean diameter of 14.2cm) were resected. The hepatectomies were performed under intermittent occlusion of hepatic inflow. Results All 216 cases were successfully resected. The mean time of occlusion of hepatic inflow was 19min, the mean blood loss was 743 ml. No serious complications occurred, and only seven patients died of hepatic failure and upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage postoperatively in this series. Conclusions Although resection of huge PLC is quite difficult, but if suitable surgical techique and perioperative management are adopted ,it is safe and feasible .