ObjectiveTo compare the content difference of total flavonoid, total polyphenol and scavenging activity to DPPH free radical ofDracocephalum tanguticum Maxim (DtM) before and after roasted;To explore the relationship between the contents of active components and antioxidant activity in the DtM before and after roasted.MethodsThe crude and roasted DtM were extracted with 75% ethanol as the solvent. The contents of total flavonoid and total polyphenol were detected by NaNO2-Al (NO3)3-NaOH and Folin-ciocalteu methods, respectively. The antioxidant abilities were evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. ResultsThe content of total flavonoids in the crude DtM (6.442%)the roasted DtM (0.628), and free radical scavenging efficiency of the crude DtM (1181.335)

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; blood ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic treatment in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma and gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage. Methods Thirty cases of hepatic carcinoma with gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage diagnosed with gastroscopy between January 2008 and June 2015 in Chinese PLA General Hospital and Hainan branch were included. Patients′ clinical data, complications and therapeutic effects of endoscopy were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients underwent endoscopy successfully. No recurrent bleeding was found in any case after treatment. Eight cases of varicosis nearly disappeared. Six?month follow?up showed three cases of gastrointestinal bleeding, one case of death of bleeding, and no recurrence hemorrhage in 27 others. Conclusion Endoscopic treatment could safely and effectively control the primary liver cancer combined with gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage, hence may provide opportunity for further treatment of liver cancer.

Objective: To optimize the water extraction process of Siwu Decoction by BP neural network combined with orthogonal experiment. Methods: The water amount, the extraction time, and the extraction times were taken as factors. Entropy weight method was used to calculate the comprehensive scores of the multi-indicators of eight active components of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, verbascoside, senkyunolide A, and ligustilide in R language environment. Using comprehensive score as an evaluation indicator, the BP neural network model was established by orthogonal experiment design, and the optimal water extraction process of Siwu Decoction was predicted through network training. Results: The optimized extraction process of Siwu Decoction was carried out by adding 8 times of water and extracting 3 times for 1 h. The relative error between the network predicted value and the actual measured value of the test sample was less than 1%. Conclusion: The established mathematical model can analyze and predict the water extraction process of Siwu Decoction. The obtained process is stable and feasible, and can effectively extract the active ingredients in Siwu Decoction.

Objective To assess the application of Chinese children's intelligence equation (CCIE) and Bayley Scales of infant and toddler development-Ⅲ (BSID-Ⅲ) in screening of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in children after general anesthesia.Methods The study group (Group A),including 50 ASA-Ⅰ participants of 1-3 years old who would undergo hernia repair laparoscopic surgery,was assessed on one day (1 d) before and three days (3d) after the surgery respectively by both of CCIE and BSID-Ⅲ according to their ages of month.The control group (Group C),including 50 healthy participants with the matched age,was assessed in the same period by the same method.Both of Group A and C were assessed by the Z score method to diagnose POCD and both scales were used to analyze the results of POCD screening and their agreement.Results (1) Compared with preoperative 1 d,the CCIE score of Group A on 3d after surgery was relatively decreased (21.22±4.96 vs 18.65±4.74,P＜0.05) and the POCD rate was 12.0％.While in Group C,the CCIE score and the POCD rate had no statistical significance (20.83±4.97 vs 21.22±5.21,P＞0.05).(2) Compared with preoperative 1d,the scores of cognition,language,motion,social-emotion and adaptive behaviors in BSID-Ⅲ of Group A decreased (100.00±4.58 vs 96.44± 4.20,103.22±4.99 vs 96.24± 5.75,102.06±4.01 vs 95.28±4.27,101.22±7.38 vs 91.06±7.10,98.52±9.11 vs 90.5±8.47,P＜0.05) and the POCD incidence was 20.0％.While in group C,the BSID-Ⅲ score and the POCD rate had no statistical significance (104.61±5.48 vs 103.79±5.38,107.68±5.60 vs 107.11 ±6.05,108.29±5.91 vs 108.29±4.21,101.11±7.61 vs 101.86±6.99,99.00±7.99 vs 100.82±7.36,P＞0.05).(3)Reasonable agreement of the CCIE and BSID-Ⅲ was observed (Kappa value was 0.70;P＜ 0.05).Conclusion There is considerable agreement between BSID-Ⅲ and CCIE.While BSID-Ⅲ is relatively more sensitive to the POCD and more efficient in the diagnosis of POCD than the CCIE.Thus,BSID-Ⅲ is more likely to provide better evaluation of the postoperative cognitive functions of children within 1-3 years old and should be recommended to the health professionals in China.

Objective To explore the changing rules of schistosomiasis infection and Oncomelania hupensis snail situation in areas where schistosomiasis transmission was controlled or interrupted or transmission rebounded after the interruption. Meth-ods Daye City,Wuxue City and Jingshan County were selected and investigated retrospectively to collect the schistosomiasis epidemiological information 10 years before they reached the criteria of transmission controlled and the subsequent years until 2008. The database of retrospective investigation was established for analyzing the trends and rules of the changes of snail status and human infection status. Results In Daye City,there was no snail areas and schistosomiasis patients and cattle after reach-ing the criteria of transmission interrupted in 1987. The infection rate of residents were positively correlative with the infection rate of cattle and snail areas(r=0.865,0.843,P<0.01). In Wuxue City,the proportion of snail areas occupying the historic snail areas kept a steady from the transmission controlled to transmission interrupted,but it began to rebound to the highest level in the history(8.93%)after the transmission interrupted for 3 years. In Jingshan County,the infection rates of residents and cat-tle were all stable from 1%to 2%after the transmission controlled. The proportion of snail areas occupying the historic snail ar-eas was rebounded from 1.63% in 1985 to 21.50% in 2008,and the densities of living snails rebounded from 2005. Conclu-sions The infected snails could be the sensitive indicator of the rebound of snail situation and human infection. The elimination of schistosomiasis still depends on the control of snail areas,including strengthening the infected snail control.

Objective:To evaluate the benefit of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) as a consolidation therapy in the survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients at different risks. Methods:A total of 67 MM patients who received ASCT as consolida-tion therapy between August 2006 and July 2011 were enrolled in the retrospective study. The cases were divided into three risk groups on the basis of the International Staging System and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Another 67 patients who accepted consolidation chemotherapy at the same period were selected as case-paired controls matched in terms of age, sex, optimal response after induction, and risk stratifications. All the patients received bortezomib-and/or thalidomide-based induction therapies. Results:No statistical differ-ences in non-complete remission (nCR)/complete remission (CR) rate were observed between the ASCT and chemotherapy groups (44.8%vs. 37.3%, P=0.380) after the induction therapy. The progression-free survival (PFS) was longer in the ASCT group than in the chemotherapy group (32.4 months vs. 15.1 months, P<0.001). The overall survival (OS) was longer in the ASCT group than in the che-motherapy group (58.8 months vs. 42.1 months, P=0.009). both the PFS (median:30.5 months vs. 11.2 months, P<0.001) and the OS (median:85.5 months vs. 34 months, P=0.015) rates were significantly prolonged in the high-risk subgroup after ASCT. In the interme-diate-risk subgroup, neither PFS nor OS showed any significance after ASCT (P>0.05). In the low-risk subgroup, only PFS was extend-ed (median: 34.8 months vs. 17.6 months, P=0.012) after ASCT, without significant improvements in the OS (P>0.05). Conclusion:The MM patients obtained cytogenetic high-risk benefits mostly from ASCT consolidation after inductions based on novel agents.

Objective To detect the gene expression changes between urethra plates from hypospadias patients and foreskins from non-hypospadias patients by microarray and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of hypospadias.Methods Twelve hypospadias patients,aged 6-12 months (mean,8 months),were enrolled as the test group,including 5 moderate and 7 severe hypospadias patients.Six age-matched patients underwent circumcision were enrolled as controls.Samples from hypospaidas patient's urethra plates during hypospadias repair and samples from the foreskins during circumcision were obtained and processed into Tri-Reagent immediately for RNA extraction.Oligonucleotide expression microarrays were used to detect genes expression changes in tissues from patients with and without hypospadias.This microarray analysis incorporated 22 000 genes.The intensity of all genes present was analyzed by one-way ANOVA (P＜0.01) and Tukey's test.Four estrogen responsive genes,CYR61,CTGF,ATF3 and GADD45β,were tested by RT-PCR in 8 controls,8 moderate hypospadias and 8 severe hypospadias as well.Results Ninty-four genes were detected differentially expressed in hypospadias patients compared with phimosis patients.There were 47 genes upregulated in moderate hypospadias compared with controls(P＜0.01),68 genes up-regulated in severe hypospadias compared with controls(P＜0.001),17 genes up-regulated in severe hypospadias compared with moderate hypospadias(P＞0.05).These genes were involved in different cell functions such as growth regulation and signal transduction.CYR61,CTGF,ATF3 and GADD45β,known to be estrogen responsive or to interact with estrogen receptor were found up-regulated in microarray and the up-regulations were confirmed by RT-PCR.Conclusions The up-regulated genes contribute to the development of hypospadias.Up-regulation of estrogen responsive genes may play important roles in the development of hypospadias.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship of anxiety state with CD4(+) level and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio and to observe the effect of Chinese medicine (CM) treatment on anxiety in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

METHODSThe anxiety state of 120 CHB patients was evaluated based on Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scoring. According to the scores, 63 patients with scores ≥14 were classified to anxiety and 57 patients with scores <14 to non-anxiety. The differences in CD4(+) cells and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio between patients with anxiety and non-anxiety were analyzed. Moreover, 63 patients with anxiety were randomized into two groups: 31 in the control group were treated with lamivudine (100 mg per day) alone and 32 in the observation group were given equal dosage lamivudine combined with CM treatment depending on syndrome differentiation, all for 12 weeks. The effects of treatment on anxiety state and T-lymphocyte subsets as well as its impact on some CHB-related indices were observed and compared.

RESULTSThe anxiety state of CHB patients was negatively correlated with CD4(+) and CD4(+)/CD8(+); the level of CD4(+) in patients with anxiety was significantly lower than that in non-anxiety patients (P<0.01 or P<0.05). After treatment, anxiety state in the observation group was significantly improved, with their HAMA scores significantly lowered (P<0.01), and the levels of CD4(+) and CD4(+)/CD8(+) were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, the alanine transaminase recovery rate and the HBV-DNA-negative conversion rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, respectively (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe anxiety state of CHB patients was related to CD4(+) and CD4(+)/CD8(+) levels. CM treatment could improve the anxiety state and showed certain regulatory effect on the patients' immune system.

Anxiety ; immunology ; therapy ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; psychology ; therapy ; Humans ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets

Objective To develop an assessment criteria for general practitioner (GP) trainers in clinical training base.Methods Based on the extensive literature review and expert interview,a preliminary index system was established with 4 first-grade indicators and 45 second-grade indicators for GP trainers in clinical training base.During 2012 to 2013,a two-round Delphi consultation was conducted to establish the assessment criteria.Results Thirty seven experts engaged in clinical practice,training and managers of GP training program from clinical training bases,medical schools,or health bureau in Shanghai were invited for Delphi consultation.Among them 64.8 (24/37) ％ were engaged in GPs training over 5 years,78.4％ (29/37) worked as GP trainers,70.2％ (26/37) with high-level professional title.In two round consultations,the activity coefficient of the experts were 97.3％ and 100.0％,authority coefficient were 0.817 and 0.855,and harmonious coefficient of importance of the evaluation were 0.188 (P ＜ 0.01) and 0.278 (P ＜ 0.01),respectively.The opinions among the experts were consistent from the first round to the second round.The assessment criteria for GP trainers in clinical training bases was established with 4 firstgrade indicators and 27 second-grade indicators.The 4 first-grade indicators were professionalism,clinical practice components,teaching quantity & components,basic conception of general practice,with weight coefficient of 0.253,0.253,0.251 and 0.243,respectively.Conclusion The established assessment criteria for GP trainers is credible and comprehensive,which can be applied in evaluating the comprehensive capacity of trainers in clinical training bases.