Identification of natural products has been a big challenge because of their structural complexity and diversity. Recently, with the development of separation materials, more and more complex compounds have been found with small quantity, which causes difficulty in absolute configuration assignment. Now, the computational methods, such as to compute the 13C NMR data and compare them with experimental results, could be used for relative configuration study other methods, for example, to compute optical rotation (OR), or optical rotatory dispersion (ORD), electronic circular dichroism (ECD or CD) or vibrational circular dichroism VCD, could be efficiently used for absolute configuration determinations for chiral compounds, including the derminant computations for chiral acyclic compounds. Now, two or two more methods are applied for the absolute configuration study and exhibit very powerful reliability.

Objective To evaluate the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent autophagic signaling pathway in ketamine-induced reduction of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) in rats.Methods Sixty male Wistar rats,aged 3 months,weighing 200-250 g,were equally randomized into 5 groups using a random number table:control group (C group),normal saline group (NS group),ketamine group (K group),ketamine + Compound C group (KC group),and ketamine + 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group (KM group).DNP model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ)65 mg/kg in anesthetized rats.Four weeks later,the equal volume of normal saline,ketamine 10 mg/kg,ketamine 10 mg/kg + Compound C1 mg/kg,and ketamine + 3-MA 2 μl were injected intraperitoneally once a day for 7 consecutive days in NS,K,KC and KM groups,respectively.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured on 8th day.The rats were then sacrificed,and the lunbar segment (L1-5) of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of AMPKαt,Beclin-1,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain (LC) 3B (by Western blot) and dendritic spine density in the dorsal root ganglia.Results Compared with group C,the MWT,expression of AMPKα,Beclin-1,and LC3B,and dendritic spine density were significantly decreased in group NS (P＜0.05).Compared with group NS,the MWT,expression of AMPKαt,Beclin-1,and LC3B,and dendritic spine density were significantly increased in group K (P＜0.05).Compared with group K,the MWT,expression of AMPKα,Beclin-1,and LC3B,and dendritic spine density were significantly decreased in KC and KM groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Activation of AMPK-dependent autophagic pathway is involved in ketamine-induced reduction of DNP in rats.

Electrospinning is a new technique used to fabricate nanofibrous scaffold for guidance of tissue repair and regeneration. Electrospun scaffold simulates the structure and biological function of native extracellular matrix (ECM) and may provide an ideal engineered microenvironment for cell growth. In this paper, the principle of electrospinning technique and important processing parameters were briefly introduced. Investigations and developments in recent years regarding to the applications of tissue repair and regeneration were reviewed, several focusing issues of electrospinning were addressed as well. The significance and problems unresolved were discussed.

Objective To evaluate the validity of GP proceptors in mini-CEX workshop.Methods Three mini-cex workshops for GP proceptors of standardized training of general practitioners in Shanghai were held during November 2009 to September 2012.In the workshops 82 GP proceptors gave the complete rating scores for the training videotapes and the assessment accuracy was analyzed.Results The accurate rates of all items including history taking,physical examination,communication,clinical judgement,consulting skills,organisation and overall clinical perfomance were lower than 50％ in 9-point scale and the completely accurate rate and completely error rate were 1.2％ and 30.5％,respectively.The accurate rates of 5 items were more than 50％ in 3-rank system and the completely accurate rate and completely error rate were 3.7％ and 9.8％,respectively.The accurate rates of 4 items were more than 50％ in standard score ± 1 system and the completely accurate rate and completely error rate were 8.5％ and 2.4％,respectively.Comparing with 9-point scale,3-rank system had higher accurate rate in 5 items (P ＜ 0.05) and standard score ± 1 system had higher accurate rate in all 7 items(P ＜ 0.05).Abnomal rating scores were found more common in medical interview (41,50.0％),clinical judgement (32,39.0％) and physical examination (13,20.7％).GP proceptors with more than five years teaching experience were more likely to give error scores than those with five or less years teaching experience in 9-point scale(OR =6.993) and 3-rank system (OR =4.902).Leniency and halo effects occurred in 11 (13.4％) and 8 (9.8％) GP proceptors,respectively; and 14 (17.1％) GP proceptors gave written feedback.Conclusions The rater accuracy of GP proceptors in mini-CEX workshop should be improved further.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of medical therapy after conservative operation for endometriosis.(Methods)Endometriosis was confirmed in 89 patients by laparoscopic inspection,and conservative operations were performed to remove the adhesion,excise or destroy all the endometriotic tissues,including single excision of endo-(metriotic) masses or plus unilateral salpingoophorectomy,and to restore pelvic anatomy to the best possible condition.All the patients were divided into two groups randomly: treatment group(n=44),three months drug therapy of go-(nadotropin-)releasing hormone analogs(GnRHa) after operation;control group(n=45),no drug therapy after operation.Clinical symptoms,concentrations of CA-125,manual and ultrasonic pelvic check-up,as well as pregnancy rate to those who had a desire for future fertility(n=28)were followed up. Results All the patients experienced alleviation of clinical symptoms after the operation.The recurring rates: 0% in treatment group vs 4% in control group six months later;2% in treatment group vs 4% in control group 12 months later(P

0.05). CONCLUSION: There are no significant differences in cell characteristics and transplantation outcome using OB-OEC and OM-OEC transplantation for repairing neurological function.

Objective To evaluate multi-slice spiral computed tomography(MSCT)in the diagnosis and preoperative staging of gastrointestinal cancer.Methods (1)Three hundred and thirty-two gastric cancer patients underwent preoperative MSCT examination.The staging of gastric cancer by MSCT was compared with histological examination.(2)Seventy-three small intestinal cancer patients underwent preoperative MSCT,and 70 healthy adults were selected as normal contr01.The MSCT images of small intestinal lymphoma and small intestinal cancer were compared with those of normal small intestine.(3)Two hundred and twenty-eight colorectal cancer patients underwent preoperative MSCT,and the features of the MSCT images of colorectal cancer were analyzed by chi-square test.Results (1)The overall accuracy of MSCT in the assessment of gastric wall invasion,lymph node metastasis and distal metastasis were 78.2%(244/312),67.3%(210/312)and 93.8%(30/32),respectively.More information such as the location of lesions and the vessels around the stomach couldbe provided by MSCT image.(2)Abdominal masses,diffuse thickening of intestinal wall and intestinal obstruction were the main features of small intestinal cancer,while mesenterie and retroperitoneal lymph nodes metastases were rarely detected.The presentation of small intestinal lymphoma detected by MSCT were completely the opposite.(3)Signs such as"coarse surface"and"heterogeneous enhancement"were important to the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.The measurement of the MSCT value is helpful in the differential diagnosis of colorectal cancer and colonic inflammation.Conclusions MSCT can provide correct imaging information on the diagnosis and preoperative staging of gastrointestinal cancer.The combination of MSCT and endoscopy can improve the accuracy of diagnosis.

Thirty four residents of general practice and 11 students of junior college to undergraduate program were evaluated with the mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) when they were rotated to community clinics or the ward of general practice in Zhongshan Hospital from September 2009 to February 2010. The reliability and validity of mini-CEX for rotation examination in general practice training was assessed. Forty five trainees and 9 clinical faculty members completed 81 mini-CEX evaluations. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0. 932. Criterion-related validity for mini-CEX overall competence with the end examination of rotation was O.53 ( P ＜ 0.001 ). The results indicate that mini-CEX may be an appropriate evaluation tool for rotation examination in general practice training.

Objective To analyze the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms of uridinediphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9) and mycophenolic acid (MPA)pharmacokinetics in Chinese kidney recipients.Methods Gene mutations (C-440T/T-331C,C-2152T,T-275A,T98C) were detected in 196 recipients by PCR-LDR.On the 28th day after transplantation,the plasma samples which were obtained at the time points of predose,0.5 h and 2 h after administration were measured by an immunoassay method (Emit Mycophenolic Acid Assay,Dade Behring).MPA-AUC0-12 was calculated based on these three data.Correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and MPA pharmacokinetics was analyzed.Results C-2152T,T-275A and T98C genotypes of UGT1A9 were not found in 196 recipients.The frequency of C-440T/T-331C gene mutation was 14.29% (28/196).The mean value of MPA-AUC0-12 was 40.6±11.8 wild genotype,respectively (P＞0.05).Conclusion C-2152T,T-275A and T98C genotypes of UGT1A9 are scarce in Chinese kidney recipients.In this study,there is no distinct relationship between -440/-331 SNPs and MPA pharmacokinetics in Chinese allograft recipients.

Objective To study the radiosensitizing effect of nano-gold nano-silver particles in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) in vitro and the possible mechanisms.Methods MTT assay and clonogenic assay were performed to determine the killing effect of nano-gold and nano-silver particles in HepG2 cells.Flow-cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution.Western blotting was used to measure the expression of Caspase-3,Bax and Bcl-2.ELIASA was used to determine the content of catalase (CAT),superoxide dismutase (SOD),and total glutathione (GSH).Results Nano-gold and nano-silver particles inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells with IC50 of 6.51 μg/ml and 2.47 μg/ml,respectively.Nano-gold and nano-silver particles significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of HepG2 cells.Obtained by Dq,the SER of 1/5 IC50 nano-gold and nano-silver particles were 1.37 and 1.48,and 1/10IC50 with 1.11 and 1.09.Nano-gold and nano-silver particles increased the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax and reduced the exprcssion of Bcl-2.CAT,SOD and total GSH were significantly reduced.Conclusions Nano-gold and nano-silver particles can enhance the radiation sensitivity of HepG2 cells.Specific sensitizing mechanism may be the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and the induction of reactive oxygen species in apoptotic pathways,which ultimately induces apoptosis.