Cancer stem cells(CSCs) are a group of tumor cells with stem cell-like properties such as infinite self-renewal and multi-differentiation potential. Accumulating evidence strongly indicates the presence of cancer stem cells in a variety of solid tumors. Although rare, CSCs play important roles in tumor initiation, progression, recurrence and metastasis. Research of gastric cancer stem cells is still in its infancy. Specific surface markers of gastric CSC are yet to be identified. Active researches are currently underway to investigate the existence and source of CSC in gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Autologous bone transplantation has been extensively used clinically, but the scant bone source eligible for transplantation cannot meet the demand in large bone defect repair. Tissue engineering seems to provide a way out, by inducing bone regeneration for repairing bone defect. In this article, the authors review the development in bone tissue engineering achieved in recent years.DATA SOURCES: A literature review was conducted with Google and Medline-based search for reports published in Chinese on bone tissue engineering in the last 3 years, as well as for worldwide literature published from January 1964 to December 2002, using the key words for retrieval of bone tissue engineering, scaffold, hydroxyapatite composites.STUDY SELECTION: Fifty-six articles were selected, which documented in vtiro bone culture, non-crystal medical biomaterials, development of bone tissue engineering, experimental and clinical trials of bone tissue engineering and clinical application of the results of bone tissue engineering.DATA EXTRACTION:From the 56 articles, 14 were excluded for repetition of contents. The remaining 42 were classified for reviewing and 21 of these were enrolled as references here.DATA SYSTHESIS: Autologous bone grafting is the usual choice for bone defect repair. The grafts include allografts and xenograft of spongy bone and compact bone, joints, decalcified bone matrix, marrow, ceramics and ceramics composites. But the effect of repair or reconstruction of large bone defect as left by excision of large bone tumors is not satisfactory. Tissue-engineering studies on composites for repair of the damaged nerve, tendon and skin are still in their infancy, while studies of bone scaffold materials has made great progress.CONCLUSION: Great breakthroughs have been made in tissue engineering and relevant studies of tissue defect and function impairment is fast developing. As the structure of motor system and skeletal system are relatively simple,and the bone or cartilage defects clinically common, bone tissue engineering might first enter clinical use in the field of orthopedics.

Thyroid cancer is more common in thyroid diseases, because of its slow growth and good prognosis, different scholars have different views on lymph node dissection. During the study of definition and positioning methods of sentinel lymph node biopsy, discuss the necessity of cervical node dissection and the application of cleaning scope in thyroid cancer surgery.
Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology

The MLN64 gene,which is localized in q12-q21 of the human chromosome 17,encodes a novel transmembrane protein containing 445 amino acids .The C-terminus of MLN64 shares significant homology with the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR)protein,while its N-terminal domain exhibits a function of targe-ting the protein to late endosomes .MLN64 is likely to be involved in cholesterol transport and synthesis of steroid hormones.MLN64 gene,coamplified with C -erbB-2,is overexpressed in certain breast carcinomas and exerts an influence on biological characteristics of breast cancer cells .The high levels of MLN 64 observed in some breast carcinomas could contribute to the growth and progression of these tumors through increased intratumoral steroido -genesis,and is considered as a predictive factor of breast cancer prognosis .

S2001 field X-ray vehicle is used to perform X-ray examination in the field hospital, while the disadvantages of the traditional film-screen radiography restrict its role of field examination in this digital era. By analyzing the detail of modern digital X-ray radiography, and comparing three different digital X-ray flat detectors, a solution is put forward to update S2001 field X-ray vehicle to a field digital X- ray radiography vehicle by using Canon CXDI digital X- ray detector.

Objective To investigate the different gender and untreated hyperthyroidism parameter difference (hyperthyroidism) and hemoglobin of red blood cells in peripheral blood of patients with relatively healthy people.Methods Collecting blood samples of patients with hyperthyroidism,with EDTA-K2 anticoagulant,using Sysmex XE-2100 automated hematology analyzer analysis of peripheral blood hemoglobin in red blood cell parameters and using healthy people as healthy control.Results Healthy control group,male,female red blood cells and hemoglobin in patients with hyperthyroidism were increased,the difference was statistical-ly significant (P <0.05).Conclusion Newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism value and erythrocyte hemoglobin values higher than nor-mal.

Objective To investigate the effects of DNaseⅠ-treated streptococcal antigens on peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)proliferation in psoriasis patients.Methods PBMC from 15 patients with psoriasis and 10 healthy controls were stimulated with three concentrations(2,10,25?g/mL) of streptococcal antigens(SA), nd DNaseⅠ-treated streptococcal antigens(DNaseⅠ-SA).After 72 h of culture,cellular proliferation was determined by ~3H thymidine incorporation.Results The DNaseⅠ-SA,at all the concentrations tested,was less potent than the corresponding concentrations of SA(P0.05),however,the lower concentrations(2,10?g/mL) of DNaseⅠ-SA were less potent than those of SA(P0.05).Also,the extent of proliferation response to SA and DNaseⅠ-SA was higher in the patients than in the controls(P

Objective To explore the effects of needle retractable syringe.Methods 400 patients undergoing injection treatment were randomly divided into the experiment group and the control group in equal number.The conventional syringe was used in the control group and the needle retractable syringe was adopted.The pains in the patients,time for puncturing and incidence of puncturing-induced injuries were compared between two groups.Result The pains,time for puncturing and incidence of puncturing-induced injuries in the observation group were all significantly lower than those of the control group(all P < 0.05). Conclusion Needle retractable syringes may help to alleviate the pain,reduce the workload of nurses and lower the incidence of needle stick injuries.

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin on postoperative cardiac troponin I ( cTnI) in patients underwent carotid endarterectomy ( CEA) under general anesthesia. Methods Forty patients with severe symptomatic carotid artery stenosis underwent unilateral CEA under general anesthesia from January 2011 to March 2012 were divided into either a ulinastatin group or a control group according to a random number table ( n=20 in each group) . Patients in the ulinastatin group received 500 000 U of ulinastatin via veins before induction of anesthesia. The patients in the control group were given the same amount of isotonic saline. The serum concentrations of cardiac troponin I ( cTnI ) were detected before surgery and at day 1,2,and 3 after procedure. Myocardial injury was defined as the cTnI peak concentration>0. 04μg/L . Results The levels of serum cTnI before procedure and at day 1,2,and 3 after procedure in the ulinastatin group were median (M) 0. 00 (0. 00-0. 03) μg/L,0. 07 (0. 00-1. 45) μg/L,0. 01 (0. 00-1. 21)μg/L,and 0. 05 (0. 00-0. 89)μg/L,respectively;those in the control group were 0. 00 (0. 00-0. 01)μg/L,0. 00 (0. 00-1. 42)μg/L,0. 00 (0. 00-1. 39)μg/L,and 0. 00 (0. 00-1. 24)μg/L, respectively. At day 1 after procedure,6 patients ( 30%) in the control group and 11 ( 55%) in the ulinastatin group occurred myocardial injury. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P<0. 05). In all the patients with the increased cTnI levels,the peak cTnI occurred at the first day after procedure,however,they did not reach the level ( >1. 5μg/L) of indicating patients occurring myocardial infarction. Conclusion Ulinastatin may not decrease the postoperative serum cTnI levels in CEA patients under general anesthesia. For whether to the CEA patients have myocardial protective effect,more samples are needed to be confirmed.

Objective To investigate the treatment of combined subclavian artery and brachial plexus injury. Methods Since 1994, we have treated 5 cases of combined subclavian artery and brachial plexus injury. 2 of them were cut wound, 1 gun shot wound, and 2 blunt trauma. 2 cases had combined aneurysm and 1 had combined aneurysm plus A V fistula. According to the sites of subclavian artery injury, vein graft( 1 case) , suture repair( 1 cases) and ligation (1 case) were performed. The 2 cases of blunt trauma underwent only neurolysis because of masses of hematoma and tissue adhesion. Results The 3 cases of open injury who had underwent early repair of artery and nerve had various degrees of recovery of nerve functions and experienced no pain in the injured extremities. As for the 2 cases of blunt trauma, 1 got only pain relief and 1 had no recovery. Conclusion Dysfunction due to hematoma or progressive pseudoaneurysm compression on the brachial plexus can be relieved and patients can get maximal rehabilitation if hematoma or aneurysm is managed in time and the brachial plexus nerve is decompressed early.