With the development of world-wide integration in the field of education and under the Bologna Process of Russia, Russian high medical colleges have begun actively searching a new way to reform medical education. However, they have encountered many problems due to the unique feature of Russian higher medical education. To analyze those problems will help us to deepen the understanding of Russian high medical colleges and strengthen Sino-Russia exchanges and cooperation.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features of hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN) in children.Methods Clinical and pathological features were analyzed and correlated in 73 cases with renal biopsy-confirmed(HBV-GN).Sixty-six boys and 7 girls aged from 1 to 14 years old were included in this study,accounting for 14.4% in children under-(going) renal biopsy in the same period.Results Nephrotic syndrome(NS) was the prodominant clinical manifestation(53/73,72.6%),followed by glomerulonephritis(15/73,20.5%) and hematuria with proteinuria(5/73,6.9%).Serologic markers of HBV were found in all cases.Among them,55 cases(75%) were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg),hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg) and anti-hepatitis B core(anti-HBc),14 cases(19.2%)positive for HBsAg,anti-HBe and anti-HBc,2 cases positive for HBsAg and anti-HBc,1 child positive for HBsAg and HBeAg,and another only positive for anti-HBc.The most common pathological type of HBV-GN was membranous nephropathy(MN),which was found in 69 cases(94.5%),followed by membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(MPGN) and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN),2 cases(2.7%),respectively.All cases with NS presented themselves with MN.The pathological grades were significantly correlated with clinical manifestations through double trend analysis(?~2=5.22 P=0.022).Conclusions MN is predominant in childhood HBV-GN,which mainly presented with NS.Their clinical patterns are somewhat correlated with pathological grades.

Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Parasomnias

Objective To compare traditional arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the arthroscopic ACL reconstruction assisted by fluoroscopy-based navigation system in accuracy and reproducibility of the tunnel placement. Methods Fluoroscopy-based navigation system was used in 40 cases of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction from December 2005 to March 2006. Another 40 cases of traditional arthroscopic ACL reconstruction performed between June 2005 and March 2006 were used as control. The positions of the femoral and tibial tunnels were measured on their radiograms and compared statistically. Results The femoral tunnel position measurements averaged 62. 3%?5. 6% (52% - 73% ) in navigation-assisted ACL reconstruction, and 56. 6%?7. 3% (46% - 77% ) in the traditional arthroscopic operation. The tibial tunnel position measurements averaged 45.4%?3. 8% (37%-53% ) in the navigation-assisted ACL reconstruction, and 41. 1%?6. 0% (25% - 54% ) in the traditional arthroscopic operation. The differences were statistically significant ( P

Objective To study the status of knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) of environmental health among urban and rural residents and the influencing factors. Methods Totally,4 607 urban and rural residents from Lanzhou,Taiyuan,Shanghai and Qingdao were recruited and investigated by the self-designed questionnaire from July 3rd to August 10th 2007. In the questionnaire,a certain number of related questions were designed mainly on environmental health knowledge,attitude and practice. The datas were analyzed with SPSS13.0 software. Results The average scores of environmental health knowledge,attitude and practice of urban and rural residents were 4.14?1.30,4.88?0.85 and 4.05?1.11 respectively. The main influencing factors of environmental health knowledge were education background (?=0.220,P

Objective To observe the effect of inhaled nitric oxide(INO) on the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in piglet suffered from severe meconium aspiration syndrome(MAS). Methods Severe MAS model of piglet was reproduced, the oxygenation effect and the activity of pulmonary NOS were measured, hybridization in situ of pulmonary slices was used to show the gene expression of inducible NOS(iNOS). Results INO therapy attenuated respiratory dysfunction in MAS, while discontinuation of INO induced “rebound pulmonary hypertension”. The activity of iNOS in MAS group is higher than that in control group (16.9?3.1) fmol/(mg Pro?min)vs (11.6?2.7) fmol/(mg Pro?min),( P

Objective To analyze the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in promoter region,5' untranslated region,exon 1 and haplotypes of mannose binding-lectin(MBL) gene in Han nationality and Hui etheic children in China.Methods Sixty nine Hui ethnic children from Ningxia Huizu Auto.Reg.and 105 Han children from Zhejiang Prov.were enrolled in the present study.Whole blood samples(1.5 ml) were collected into potassium-EDTA tubes.SNPs in promoter region,5' untranslated region and exon 1 of MBL gene were determined by sequence analysis using BigDye Mix 3730 genetic analyzer,and genetic analysis was performed using SHEsis software.Results The variant allele frequencies at-221 sites in Han and Hui objects were 0.091 and 0.123,respectively,with no difference between the two groups(?2=0.684,P=0.408).No mutation was found at sites +223 and +239 in exon 1 of MBL gene in the study.The variant frequency at +230 site in Hui children(0.268) was significantly higher than that in Han objects(0.167,?2=5.223,P=0.022).The most common haplotype was YA,and the frequencies of YA haplotype in Han and Hui ethnic were 0.770 and 0.669,respectively,with significant difference between the two groups(?2=4.312,P=0.038).Conclusion The variant allele frequency at +230 sites in exon 1 in Hui ethnic children is higher than that in Han subjects.The most common haplotype is YA,and the frequency of YA haplotype is higher in Han children than that in Hui subjects.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effects of insulin o n acute cerebral infarction.MethodsEighty-six non-diabetes mel litus patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction were divided i nto two groups in random fashion:42 cases (control group) were treated by routin e methods and 44 cases (insulin group) by regular insulin on the basis of routin e methods.12～16U regular insulin per diem was administered by intravenous dripp n g in 7 days.Plasma glucose,insulin sensitivity indice (ISI) and score values of the European Stroke Scale (ESS) were observed.ResultsThere wer e no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups at baseline.The everyday plasma glucose levels of the insulin group.were within the normal range but were significantly lower than those of the control group (P

Objective To explore the clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with DM and related factors. Method The manifestations of 87 newly diagnosed PTB patients with type 2 DM(DM-PTB group) at two hospitals in Tianjin during October 2003 to October 2004 were compared to 88 PTB patients without DM who were randomly choosen from the same hosipital.The factors related to sputum-positive TB or cavity were explored through unconditional logistic regression model. Results DM-PTB patients showed significanly lower frequencies of cough(66.7% vs 83.0%),toxicity symptoms(37.9% vs 62.5%) and haemoptysis(16.1% vs 33.0%) than those of PTB group.Positive-sputum(63.2% vs 34.1%),cavity(56.3% vs 13.6%),wide lesions and bilateral lesions on chest radiographs was more common in DM-PTB group than in PTB one.Introversion(OR=1.582, 95%CI:1.063 ～2.355),type 2 DM(OR =2.186,95% CI:1.082 ~4.420)and cavity(OR =2.793,95% CI:1.308 ～5.964)were factors independently associated with positive-sputum TB.The factors related to cavity included diabetes(OR=14.199,95%CI:5.376~ 37.501),cough,postive sputum and lore-up lobe lesion.Conclusion This study confirmed that clinical manifestations and chest radiographs of PTB patients complicated with type 2 DM significantly departed from the typical presentation.Type 2 DM seems to have a negative effect on postive-sputum and cavity.So it should be alarmed that DM-PTB patients who tend to have untypical clinical symptom and higher rate of positive sputum become the reservoirs of infection to cause the transmission of TB.

ObjectiveTo deter mine the sustained attention function of the patients with mild Alzheimer's disease(AD) and mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods10 patients with MCI, 10 with mild AD and other 10 healthy elderly controls were tested with Continuous Performance Task(CPT) aimed to assess sustained attention. ResultsCompared with the normal controls, the mild AD patients reacted very more slowly(P<0.001), missed more targets(P<0.05), while that the MCI patients did was as well as the control group. ConclusionThe mild AD patients shows impairment in sustained attention function, but the MCI patients shows a preserved ability of sustained attention function.