OBJECTIVE Cervical cancer is the third most malignant tumor in the world. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of nuclear receptor superfamily. It is highly expressed in liver, kidney and small intestine, while it showed low expression level in other tissues. It not only plays an important role in the metabolism of bile acids and sugars, but also in the production of chronic inflammation in the early stage of cancer, the proliferation and migration of tumor. Compared with the normal tissue, the expression of FXR in most tumor tissues decreased. But there is no correlation between cervical cancer and FXR. So we aimed to find out the relationship between FXR and cervical cancer. METHODS A clinical study using qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry detected the expression of FXR in tumor tissues and normal tissues of clinical patients. FXR was activated by agonists or over-expressed by lentivirus. MTT, clone formation and flow cytometry were used to detect the relationship between FXR and proliferation of cervical cell lines. Tumor growth ability of FXR was detected by nude mice tumorigenicity. The interaction between FXR and CDKN2A-p14ARF-MDM2-p53 pathway was detected by qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS FXR was decreased in cancer tissues compared to normal control. Activation of FXR by agonist or constitutively- over- expression of FXR inhibited cervical cell proliferation. Over- expressed FXR attenuated Caski, Hela and Siha xenograft tumor growth in nude mice compared with control. Over-expression of FXR caused G1 cell-cycle arresting and up-regulated CDKN2A-p14ARF-MDM2-p53 pathway. CONCLUSION FXR inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and cervical tumorigenicity which is related to CDKN2A-p14ARF-MDM2-p53 pathway. Activation or overexpression of FXR may be a potential target for the treatment of cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effects between hip anterior S-P approach combined with iliac bone flap transplantation with deep circumflex iliac artery and posterior K-L approach combined with quadratus femoris bone flap transplantation for the treatment of femoral neck fracture of Garden III-IV in young and middle-aged patients.

METHODSFrom January 2004 to January 2011,46 patients with femoral neck fractures were treated by two kinds of operation. Among them, 20 cases were treated with anterior S-P approach combined with iliac bone flap transplantation with deep circumflex iliac artery, included 12 males and 8 females with an average age of (32.1 ± 7.3) years old, involved 12 cases of Garden III and 8 cases of Garden IV. The other 26 cases were treated with posterior K-L approach combined with quadratus femoris bone flap transplantation, included 20 males and 6 females with an average age of (37.8 ± 6.9) years old, involved 16 cases of Garden III and 10 cases of Garden IV. The index of hospitalization (hospitalization time, total cost, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications), the quality index of operation (fracture reduction, position of internal fixation, fracture healing time, nonunion and femoral head necrosis) of two groups were observed and compared. Hip joint function were evaluated by Harris score.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 28 to 41 months with an average of 36 months. The intraoperative blood loss of group S-P (92.3 ± 10.4) ml was less than that of group K-L (132.4 ± 11.2) ml, there was significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). The operation time of group S-P (81.4 ± 9.2) min was more than that of group K-L (67.1 ± 4.5) min, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). One case in group S-P and 9 cases in group K-L appeared postoperative complications, there was significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). The fracture healing time of S-P group (83.5 ± 7.3) d was shorter than that of group K-L (103.2 ± 12.6) d, there was significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). At 30 months after operation, there were significant difference in Harris scoring between two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAnterior S-P approach combined with iliac bone flap transplantation with deep circumflex iliac artery for treatment of femoral neck fracture of Garden III-IV of young and middle-aged patients, it has characteristics in clear anatomic and easy to operate. As compared with K-L approach, S-P approach can better reserve residual blood supply of femoral neck. While combining with the iliac bone flap transplantation with deep circumflex iliac artery, it could better reconstruct the blood supply of femoral neck to promote fracture healing.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Iliac Artery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Flaps ; transplantation

AIM: To investigate the probably mechanism of amniotic extraction inhibiting haze formation after epipolis laser in situ keratomileusis (Epi-LASIK) in rabbit cornea.METHODS: Thirty rabbit corneas were performed with Epi-LASIK.All eyes were randomly divided into three groups: eyes treated with amniotic extraction (AE group),eyes treated with 1g/L dexamethasone (hormone group) and eyes treated with solvent (solvent control group).Haze grade evaluation was performed under the slit lamp after Epi-LASIK for 1,4 and 8wk.The repair of corneal epithelium was observed by using HE staining,and the expression of NF-kB protein P65 was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,TGF-β1 and IL-1) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4,IL-10 and IL-13) were determined by ELISA.RESULTS: HE staining showed that the basal cells of corneal epithelium were more uniform and arranged regularly in AE groups after Epi-LASIK for 1wk as compared with the hormone group and the solvent control group.After 4wk,there were a few of new collagen fibers in the superficial stroma of AE group,forming a small amount of scar.After 8wk,the corneal stroma of AE group showed a small amount of new collagen fibers,arranged regularly,and rarely formed scar.At the early stage (1 and 4wk),AE treatment has an obviously effect on inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors (TNF-α,TGF-β1 and IL-1) and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4,IL-10 and IL-13),and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).Moreover,the activation of the NF-kB signaling pathway was significantly inhibited by treatment with AE in the early postoperative period (1 and 4wk).CONCLUSION: Amniotic extraction may reduce the inflammatory response in corneal epithelial cells by inhibiting the NF-kB signaling pathway,thereby inhibiting the formation of collagen and scar and the occurrence of haze.

AIM: To examine the relationship between corneal lymphangiogenesis and hemangiogenesis after keratoplasty.METHODS: Nineteen human corneas were obtained from 19 patients undergoing a second corneal transplantation in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center in 2005. Blood and lymphatic vessels in human transplanted corneas were identified by lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor(LYVE-1) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion modecule-1(PECAM-1) immunohistochemistry, and double enzyme-histochemistry; then the association of corneal blood vessel counting (BVC) with lymphatic vessel counting (LVC) was examined.RESULTS: Corneal hemangiogenesis was present in 12 cases (63%), and lymphangiogenesis occurred in 5 cases (26%) of human transplanted corneas. In addition, corneal lymphangiogenesis was only present in vascularized corneas. LVC was strongly and positively correlated with BVC(r=0.725;P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Corneal lymphangiogenesis develops after keratoplasty, and strongly associates with hemangiogenesis.

Objectives To investigate the clinical features,prognosis and risk factors of patients with cryptococcal meningitis.Methods Totally 146 patients with cryptococcal meningitis who were hospitalized in Huashan Hospital from January 2000 to December 2006 were enrolled in this study.The clinical data including diagnosis and misdiagnosis,experimental and etiology tests,treat- ments and prognosis from all the patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among the 146 patients enrolled in the study,78 patients(53.4%)had concomitant diseases.The misdiagnosis rate of all patients was 72.6%(106/146).The positive rate of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)India ink smear was 59.6%(87/106),while 43.2%(63/146)cases of cryptococcus neoformans culture in CSF was positive.The positive rate of Latex agglutination test(LAT)was 91.7%(134/146)in CSF among all patients.The treatments were as follows:combination of Amphotericin B(AmpB)or its lipid formula- tions with flucytosine(5-FC)(98 cases),including combination with Fluconazole initally(62 cases), single therapy of Fluconazole(13 cases).Ommaya implanted for lateral cerebral ventricle drainage(53 cases)and AmpB intrathecal injection(53 cases).The average dose of AmpB is 3.06 g.The course of treatment lasted from 12 weeks to 20 months.There were 104 patients(71.2%)cured,27(18.5%) improved,15(10.3%)died and 34(23.3%)relapsed.Conclusions High misdiagnosis rate is common in patients with cryptococcal meningitis.Immunodeficiency is the major risk factor for cryp- tococcal meningitis.CSF LAT is the most sensitive diagnostic test.Early diagnosis,combination of AmpB with 5-FC antifungal therapy and control of acute intracranial hypertension are the keys to im- prove prognosis of cryptococcal meningitis.

Objective To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) on dendritic cells(DCs) derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients and to explore the mechanism of sustained infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Methods Twenty CHB patients were randomly screened in the study,and ten healthy persons were recruited as controls.The monocytes isolated from peripheral blood of candidates were incubated with recombinant human granuloeyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) and rhIL-4 to induce the DCs generation and proliferation.Then the phenotype of DCs was identified by micro- scope.The expressions of the phenotypes[histocompatibility leukocyte antigen(HLA)-DR,CD80, CD86,CD83]of immature and mature DCs were measured by flow cytometer.Furthermore,the ex- pression of TLR3 on mature DCs(mDC) and immature DCs(imDC) was determined by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis respectively.Results As for healthy volunteers,the expressions of CD80, CD86,HLA-DR and CD83 on DCs at the 7th day,which were(82.35?8.67)%,(79.61?10.08)%, (92.79?8.48)% and (83.76?5.47)% respectively,were significantly higher than those at the 5th day which were(28.31?8.79) %,(31.17?11.23)%,(27.61?10.28)% and (23.46?11.53)% respec- tively(P0.05).The expression of TLR3 on imDC was significantly higher than that on mDC at control group (P0.05).And the expression of TLR3 on imDC in CHB patients group was significantly lower than that of control group(P

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is the pathogen of banana bunchy top disease (BBTD); it seriously disserves the banana production. This paper reviewed the separation and purification methods, classifying and taxonomy status of BBTV; the genome structure and function of each encode protein of the virus; and the present problems that should be further clarified.

Background Placement of an orbital implant is a main way to prevent orbital atrophy with aging.But its mechanism is under clear.Researchs showed that bone growth factors play important role during the development and repair of bone,especially transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1).Objective Present study was to investigate the expression of TGF-β1 protein in orbital bone after enucleation or enucleation with placement of an orbital implant and its function in the mechanisms of preventing and treating the orbital malformed development after enucleation with placement of an orbital implant.Methods Twenty-one age- and weight-matched New Zealand white young rabbits were randomly divided into the enucleation,implant and control groups,and each group including seven rabbits.Eyeball nucleation surgery was performed in the left eyes of 7 1-month-old rabbits,and a spherical orbital implant was inserted after enucleation of the left in matched rabbits in implant group.The left eye of normal rabbits served as controls.The rabbits were sacrificed in 1 month after surgery.The expression of TGF-β1 protein in the left orbital bone was detected using enzyme immunoassay and FITC labelling immunoassay technique in the sections of zygomatic bones.The content of TGF-β1 protein in the left orbital bone tissue was measured by ELISA method.This use of animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results The height and width of orbital in enucleation group were significantly lower than those of implant and normal control groups(height:P=0.00,P=0.00;width:P =0.00,P=0.00).The positive bone cells of both enzyme immunoassay and FITC staining were increased in the implant and control groups in comparison with enucleation group,but the positive response intensity for TGF-β1 was resembled between implant group and control group.ELISA result revealed that the content of TGF-β1 protein in bone tissue was significantly lower in the enucleation group than in implant and control groups(P=0.00,P=0.00).The expression and content of TGF-β1 protein in bone tissue is similar between the implant group and the control group(P=0.41). Conclusion The experiment results indicate that TGF-β1 protein participate in the orbital development.TGF-β1 played important role in the prevention and treatment of enucleation-induced orbital malformation in the eye with placement of an orbital implant.

OBJECTIVETo explore the values of adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor (ACTH-R) determination and ultrastructural observation of tumor cells in the subtyping of adrenocortical neoplasms (ANs).

METHODSThe expression of ACTH-R in 87 AN tissues were determined with Polymer immunohistochemical staining, with 10 normal adrenal tissues as the controls. The ultrastructure of the tumor cells was observed using electron microscopy.

RESULTSThe positive expression rate of ACTH-R was (80.1 +/- 8.2)%, (53.2 +/- 10.3)%, (63.2 +/- 10.1)%, (83.3 +/- 6.5)%, and (70.1 +/- 7.3)% in the sub-CPA group, CPA group, APA group, NFA group, and NC group, respectively. ACTH-R expression was significantly higher in NFA and sub-CPA groups than in NC group (P = 0.001, P = 0.000), APA group (P = 0.000, P = 0.000), and CPA group (P = 0.000, P = 0.000), and was also significantly different between NC group and APA group (P = 0.039) and between APA group and CPA group (P = 0.037). However, no significant difference was found between NFA group and sub-CPA group (P = 0.325). As shown by the electron microscopy, ANs had some partially similar microscopic features, while different AN subtypes showed differences in the type and amount of secretory granules.

CONCLUSIONACTH-R determination and ultrastructural observation of tumor cells may be helpful for subtyping ANs.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Adrenal Glands ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Corticotropin ; metabolism

Bodily Secretions ; virology ; Humans ; Pharynx ; virology ; Pneumonia ; diagnosis ; virology ; Respiratory System ; virology