Through scale-up cultivation of Eriobotrya japonica suspension cells using WAVE bioreactor, the cell growth and ursolic acid (UA) accumulation were studied. The comparison test was carried out in the flask and the reactor with cell dry weight (DW) and UA content as evaluation indexes. The culture medium, DW and UA content were compared in 1 L and 5 L working volumes of bioreactor. The orthogonal test with main actors of inoculation amount, speed and angle of rotation was developed to find the optimal combination, in 1 L working volume of bioreactor. DW of the cell growth and the UA content in bioreactor were higher than those of the shaker by 105.5% and 27.65% respectively. In bioreactor, the dynamic changes of elements in the fluid culture, the dry weight of the cell growth and the UA content in 1 L and 5 L working volumes were similar. Inoculation of 80 g, rotational speed of 26 r · min(-1), and angle of 6 ° was the optimal combination, and the cell biomass of 19.01 g · L(-1) and the UA content of 27.750 mg · g(-1) were achieved after 100 h cultivation in 1 L working volume of bioreactor. WAVE Bioreactor is more suitable than flasks for the E. japonica cell suspension culture, and culture parameters can be achieved from 1 L to 5 L amplification.
Biomass ; Bioreactors ; Cell Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Eriobotrya ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Triterpenes ; analysis ; metabolism

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by enterbaeterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction(ERIC-PCR)DNA fingerprint. Methods Mycobacterium tuberculosis positive sputum samples between September 2003 to May 2006 were collected and cultured.Chromosomal DNA were extracted and ERIC-PCR DNA fingerprinting was analyzed by software,such as RAPD PHYLIP and Treeview.Results A total of 42 different fingerprints were detected.Phylogenetic analysis showed that they could be classified into three clusters,the clustering rate was 72.6%.The characteristics of ERIC-PCR fingerprint patterns were related to age,drug resistance,and type of resistance.Conclusions ERIC-PCR DNA fingerprinting technique used in this study is good for epidemiological studies with its strong discrimination,simplicity and rapidness.A high level of recent transmission is found in our city.

AIM: To systematic review the effectiveness of refractive multifocal intraocular lens ( MIOL ) ReZOOM vs diffractive MIOL ReSTOR in the treatment of cataract.
METHODS: Randomized controlled trials comparing refractive MIOL ReZOOM with diffractive MIOL ReSTOR were identified by searching CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMbase, WANFANG MED ONLINE, CMJD, SinoMed, and CNKI. Related journals also were hand-searched. Methodological quality of randomized controlled trials ( RCTs ) was evaluated by simple evaluate method that recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Data extracted by two reviewers with designed extraction form. RevMan software ( release 5. 2 ) was used for data management and analysis.
RESULTS:A total of 7 trials (846 eyes) were included for systematic review. Subgroup analyses were used according to different model comparison of ReSTOR MIOL. The results showed a significant difference in the mean of the best distance corrected intermediate visual acuity ( BDCIVA) in the ReZOOM MIOL group with WMD=-0.11, 95% CI (-0.16, -0.06) (P<0.0001). It showed a significantly difference in the mean of the uncorrected near visual acuity ( UCNVA ) , complete spectacle independent rate, halo rate and glare rate in the ReSTOR MIOL group with WMD= 0. 09, 95% CI (0. 05, 0. 14) (P<0-00001), WMD= 2. 62, 95%CI (1. 76, 3. 91) (P<0. 00001), WMD=1. 35, 95% CI (1. 15, 1. 60) (P=0. 0004) and WMD=1-29, 95% CI (1. 09, 1. 53) (P= 0. 003). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean of the uncorrected distance visual acuity ( UCDVA ) , the uncorrected intermediate visual acuity ( UCIVA) , the best corrected distance visual acuity ( BCDVA ) and the best distance corrected near visual acuity ( BDCNVA ) with WMD-0.03, 95% CI (-0.06, 0.01) (P=0.15), WMD= -0.04, 95% CI (-0. 09, 0. 01) (P=0. 10), WMD= -0. 01, 95%CI (-0. 04, 0-02) (P=0. 55) and WMD= 0. 06, 95% CI (-0. 06, 0. 17) (P=0. 32).
CONCLUSION: Patients implanted with ReZOOM MIOL can provide better BDCIVA; patients implanted with ReSTOR MIOL show better UCNVA, are less likely to appear light halo, glare and other visual adverse reactions; correction in spectacles cases, patients implanted with ReZOOM or ReSTOR MIOL have considerable performances in the far and near visual acuity.

OBJECTIVETo determine the mechanism of pseudo-tears of the lateral meniscus caused by the transverse geniculate ligament (TL) and the miniscofemoral ligament(MFL) and to investigate a method to differentiate pseudo-tears from true tear of the lateral meniscus.

METHODSForm June 2012 to February 2014, MR examinations of 72 knees (44 left knees and 28 right knees) without tear of the lateral meniscus verified by arthroscopy were performed in the sagittal and coronal plane. There were 41 males and 31 females in the group, with an average age of 33.7 years old (ranged from 25 to 61). The MR appearance of the TL and the MFL was carefully observed.

RESULTSThere existed fatty tissue in the gap between the TL and the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus and its central tendinous attachment. On the sagittal images, the fatty tissue formed a linear high-signal cleft between the TL and the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus. This might be mistaken as an oblique tear within the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus. It was called as pseudo-tears of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus. In sagittal plane, the MFL was identified as a circle-like or short stick-like area of low signal intensity anterior or posterior to the posterior cruciateligament. Nevertheless, a belt-shaped area of low signal intensity from the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to lateral facet of the medial femoral condyle was identified in the coronal plane. A linear area of high signal intensity between the MFL and the lateral meniscus was found in sagittal plane, which might be mistaken as an oblique tear within the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. It was called pseudo-tears of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. The occurrence rate of the TL was 34.7% (25/72). The prevaleribe of pseudo-tears of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus was 18 cases. The shape of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus was regular, and the course of the pseudo-tears cleft was oblique. The occurrence rate of the MFL was 73.6% (53/72), which included the anterior MFL 23.6% (17/72), the posterior MFL 70.8% (51/72) and the two ligaments coexisted 16.7% (12/72). The prevalence of pseudo-tears of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus was 25 cases. All observed pseudo-tears had either in posteroinferiorly oblique direction (19/25) or in vertical direction (6/25).

CONCLUSIONBased on the location and direction of pseudo-tears and observation in the continuous sagittal plane and the coronal plane, pseudo-tears is easily differentiated from the true tear of the lateral meniscus

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Knee Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries

OBJECTIVETo explore the diagnostic value of 3D-indirectmagnetic resonance (MR) arthrography in detecting meniscustears of the knees.

METHODSForm January 2013 to January 2014, routine plain MR of the knees followed by the 3D-indirect MR arthrography was performed in 42 patients with suspected meniscal tears clinically. There were 31 males and 11 females, with an average age of 38.4 years old (ranged, 21 to 67 years old). The duration of the course ranged from 2 h to 15 d. The clinical symptom was knee pain. All the patients got subsequently arthroscopic examination or operation. The sensitivity and specificity of routine plain MR and 3D-indirect MR arthrography were compared based on the results of arthroscopic examination or operation.

RESULTSThe signal intensity in the area of meniscal tears on image of 3D-indirect MR arthrography was obviously higher than that of routine plain MR. The sensitivity of 3D-indirect MR arthrography was 85.79% (87/102), while the routine plain MR was 52.94% (54/102), and the specificity improved from 67.78%(61/90) to 86.67%(78/90). The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 25.90, P < 0.01; χ2 = 9.13, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIn comparison with the routine plain MR findings, 3D-indirect MR arthrography demonstrates meniscus tears of the knee with the better sensitivity and specificity.

Adult ; Aged ; Arthrography ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Knee Injuries ; diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries

Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thyroid Cartilage ; abnormalities

AIM: To compare the efficacy of invisible occlusion mirror and depressant membrane therapy in treatment of elderly amblyopia.

METHODS: Prospective study. Totally 112 cases(112 eyes)of monocular amblyopia aged 10-14 years were selected from June 2015 to December 2016 in our hospital. Among them, 55 cases(Group A)were treated with depressant membrane therapy and 57 cases(Group B)were treated with invisible concealer. The treatment compliance and efficacy of the two groups were evaluated, and the changes of corrected visual acuity before and after treatment were observed.

RESULTS: For 3, 6 and 12mo, there was no significant difference in treatment compliance between group A(98.2%, 96.4%, 92.7%)and group B(94.7%, 91.2%, 89.5%)(all P>0.05), but the effective rate of treatment(27.8%, 50.9%, 76.5%)was significantly lower than that of group B(46.3%, 71.2%, 92.2%), and the amblyopic corrected visual acuity of group B was better than that of group A(P<0.05). After 12mo treatment, the total and actual cure rates of group A(52.7% and 56.9%)were significantly lower than those of group B(71.9% and 80.4%).

CONCLUSION: The treatment of monocular amblyopia over 10 years old with invisible occlusion mirror is superior to that of depressor membrane occlusion in improving visual acuity and curing rate.

Objective To evaluate therapeutic effects and toxicity of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)treated by combining chemotherapy on ifosfamide(IFO)and vinorelbine(NVB).Methods 107 cases pa- tients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled.IFO was given in a dosage of 1.5g/m~2 on day 1 to 4.and NVB in a dosage of 25mg/m~2 on day 1 and 8.It was repeated every three or four weeks,up to two to four cycles.Results Two patients had complete response and 40 patients had partial response.The overall response rate was 47.7% ,the median survival time 10.3 months,1-year and 2-year survival rate was 42% and 12.3%,respectively.The main toxicity was bone marrow suppression.Conclusion The regimen is effective,sale and tolerable in advanced non- small cell lung cancer therapy.

Objective In patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum ( PAIVS) without right ventricular-dependent coronaries, catheter techniques including the use of a sniff wire, lasers, and radiofrequency have been the most widely used initial therapy. However, percutaneous perforation and balloon valvuloplasty were associated with higher rate of procedural failure and serious complications. Methods We report our experience with a hybrid approach for pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, combining surgery and interventional catheterization techniques. Between March 2005 and March 2010, hybrid procedure was carried out successfully in 30 newboms and infants with favorable anatomy. The age ranged from 1 day to 48 months with a mean of (4.59 ±3.21) months. The heart was exposed through median sternotomy. A pursestring suture was placed in the right ventricular outflow tract 2 cm away from the pulmonary trunk. Then a 16-gauge intravenous catheter was punctured through the right ventrical and perforated the atretic PV with the guidance of echocardiography. A guide wire was then inserted into the sheath and used to guide the balloon across the PV. Sequential dilations were performed until a full opening of the PV with the guidance of epicardial echocardiography. In patients ＜ 3 months PDA ligation was performed followed by modified Blalock-Taussig (B-T) shunt. In patients ＞ 3 months PDA ligation was not performed. A modified B-T shunt was inserted if severe systemic oxygen desaturation occurred after PDA ligation. Bidirectional Glenn shunt was performed for severe hypoplasia. Hybrid procedure was achieved in all patients. The simultaneous procedures included 25 cases of PDA ligation. 6 newborns underwent modified B-T shunt placement (3.5 to 5 mm) after pulmonary valvuloplasty and PDA ligation, and 2 patients ＞ 1 month underwent modified B-T shunt. Another 2 patients were selected for univentricular palliative surgery because of a diminutive monopartite right ventricle and bidirectional Glenn procedure was performed. No pericardial effusion or cardiac tamponade was observed in all patients. Another case without PDA ligation underwent a modified B-T shunt because of hypoxemia three days after hybrid procedure, and the rest patients were discharged without any further surgical intervention.During the follow-up period of 1.5 to 62.0 months, 5 patients died. 25 (83.3%) survived and were all in New York Heart Association functional class 1. Peripheral oxygen saturation increased from 0.73 ± 0.08 to 0.94 ± 0.04 (P ＜ 0.05). One patient remains in a single-ventricle pathway, whereas 24 patients achieved a two-ventricle circulation. Results Conclusion Perventricular balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty using a hybrid approach is a safe and feasible procedure for patients with PAIVS.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficiency of selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor compared to traditional nonselective NSAIDs for the prevention of heterotopic ossification (HO) after total hip arthroplasty (THA).

METHODSBy searching Medline, Embase, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and Science Citation Index et al, only randomised controlled studies of selective COX-2 inhibitors VS nonselective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors for the prevention of HO after THA were included. The quality assessment of included studies was evaluated according to the standard of the Cochrane Collaboration, and the data were analysised by statistic software Stata 10.0. The HO incidence of both groups in different degrees was compared.

RESULTSFour eligible randomised controlled trials of totally 808 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that no statistically significant difference was found in overall incidence of HO (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.71-1.64,P = 0.73), incidence of moderate severe HO (Brooker II and III) (RR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.48-1.42, P = 0.49) and any grade of Brooker classification between two groups. In all included studies, 16 patients receiving nonselective COX inhibitor (4.4%) discontinued treatment because of gastrointestinal toxicity,whereas 10 patients in the selective COX-2 inhibitor group (2.7%) discontinued for gastrointestinal side effects.

CONCLUSIONThe selective COX-2 inhibitors are as equally effective as nonselective NSAIDs for the prevention of HO after THA. Considering the side effects of nonselective NSAIDs, selective COX-2 inhibitors were recommend for the prevention of HO after THA.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; adverse effects ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; prevention & control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic