Objective To evaluate the relationship between children interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene(IL-1RN) polymorphisms and susceptibility to febrile seizures(FS).Methods Matching case-control study was carried out,blood samples from 52 patients with FS and 53 healthy children were collected.Genomic DNA was extracted and examined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification for judging IL-1RN genetype.Results Only Ⅰ/Ⅰ,Ⅰ/Ⅱ,Ⅱ/Ⅳ genetypes of IL-1RN were found in the surveyed Chinese population of Han nationality in Guangdong Province.No significant differences of these genotypes were observed in patients and controls.But the allele frequencise of Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅳ in patients were 95.2%,3.8% and 1.0%,respectively,while these frequencise in controls were 84.9%,10.4% and 4.7%,respectively.The allele frequency of IL-1RNⅠin patients was obviously higher than that in controls(P

A comprehensive analytical method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 16 carcinogenic and allergenous dye stuffs (acid red 26, basic red 9, disperse blue 1, acid violet 49, disperse blue 3, solvent yellow 1, dispersed blue 106, disperse orange 3, disperse yellow 3, basic violet 1, basic violet 3, disperse red 1, solvent yellow 3, disperse blue 124, solvent yellow 2 and disperse orange 37).Various toy samples, including textile, leath er, paper, wood, balloon, modeling clay, limitation tattoo and aqueous liquid, were extracted under ultrason ication.Qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out for the analyte under the MRM mode after the chromatographic separation on Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)(50 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column.The limits of quantitation(LOQ) for the 16 dyestuffs were in the range of 1.0-8.0 μg/kg.The mean recoveries at the three spiked levels of 5-100 μg/kg were 81.3%-98.6%, with the intra-day precision less than 11% and the inter-day precision less than 14%.The method is accurate, rapid, sensitive, and adapt to the inspec tion of the 16 dyestuffs in toys.

Citri Fructus identification by fingerprint and chemometrics was investigated in this paper. Twenty-three Citri Fructus samples were collected which referred to two varieties as Cirtus wilsonii and C. medica recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. HPLC chromatograms were obtained. The components were partly identified by reference substances, and then common pattern was established for chemometrics analysis. Similarity analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) , partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis heatmap were applied. The results indicated that C. wilsonii and C. medica could be ideally classified with common pattern contained twenty-five characteristic peaks. Besides, preliminary pattern recognition had verified the chemometrics analytical results. Absolute peak area (APA) was used for relevant quantitative analysis, results showed the differences between two varieties and it was valuable for further quality control as selection of characteristic components.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Citrus ; chemistry ; classification ; Discriminant Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; classification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Principal Component Analysis

A comprehensive analytical method based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry has been developed for the determination of nonylphenol, octylphenol and bisphenol A in textiles and food packaging) materials. Various textile and food packaging material samples were extracted under the conditions of 10.3 MPa and 120 ℃ by accelerated solvent extraction method with two static cycles using ethanol as the extraction) solvent. The extract was cleaned up by Supelclean Envi-Carb solid phase extraction cartridge. Qualitative) and quantitative analyses were carried out for the analytes under the multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode after the chromatographic separation on Waters XBridge C_(18))(150 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) column) with methanol-0.1% NH_4OH gradient elution. The limits of detection(LODs) for alkylphenol, octyphenol and bisphenol A were 0.5 μg/kg. The mean recoveries for textile samples at the spiked level of 0.5-10 μg/kg were 86.9%-92.5%, with the relative standard deviation less than 9.1%. The mean recoveries for food packaging material samples at the spiked level of 0.5-10 μg/kg were 87.8%-93.0%, with the relative standard deviation less than 8.8%. The method is accurate, simple, rapid, and adapts to the inspection of nonylphenol, octylphenol and bisphenol A in textiles and food packaging materials.

Epmedii Folium is a commonly used traditional Chinese drug, and is beneficial for the "liver" and "kidney" s function in Chinese medicine. Recently, the origin of this drug is more complex. Most of the identification studies are emphasized on the species certified by the pharmacopoeia and other related species from the same genus of Epimedium, but few was emphasized on the counterfeit. In this paper, one counterfeit of Epmedii Folium, identified as the dried leaf of Quercus variabilis (Fam. Fagaceae), has been reported based on field investigation, comparing specimen of Epmedii Folium and Q. variabilis,using the macroscopic, microscopic and TmC methods. It is resulted that they could be identified clearly not only by the macroscopic features, such as the vein character and the tooth apex, but also by the microscopic features, such as the vascular bundles of the midrib, the non-glandular hair, the anticlinal wall of the epidermis cell and the calcium oxalate crystal. Furthermore their TLC chromatograms showed also difference. This study will give reference for the identification of Epmedii Folium and the related supervision and inspection work.
China ; Discriminant Analysis ; Epimedium ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Quercus ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry

Adult ; Aorta, Thoracic ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Heart Arrest, Induced ; Humans ; Male

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of application of PBL method on otolaryngology education for medical undergraduates.Methods Totally 61 medical undergraduates of Class 2009 at Peking Union Medical College were enrolled into this study.There are 22 males and 39 females and aged 23-26 years old.They were grouped randomly into two groups: the PBL group (n=29) and the traditional teaching method group (n=32).Questionnaires were collected and statistical analyses were conducted.Results The scores of the evaluations for education of otolaryngology after teaching were much better than those before teaching in the PBL group in most aspects according to the questionnaires (P<0.05).In traditional teaching method group, there are only few aspects` scores much better than those before teaching.Comparing the two teaching methods shows, in most aspects, the scores of PBL group are much higher than those of the traditional teaching method group.ConclusionsCombination of PBL with other teaching method will be an ideal way for medical education in otolaryngology.

Objective To investigate the distribution of water-borne fluoride and the current status of water defluoridation project by improving drinking water quality in endemic fluorosis areas in Shandong province,and to provide scientific basis for making strategies in prevention and control of the disease. Methods According to "the National Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control in 2004, 2005 and 2006", 113 endemic fluorosis diseased counties(cities, and districts) of the province's 17 cities were screened in order to investigate the fluoride level in drinking water in fluorosis villages, recheck the fluoride level after implementing the water defluoridation project, and investigate the current status of the water defluoridation project. The fluoride level in drinking water was determined by F-ion selective electrode. Results There were a total of 5816 water defluoridation projects in the province. Most of them were carried out by drilling a deep well to get under-ground water. The wells still in good condition were accounted for 72.80% (4234/5816). Intermittent operated wells were accounted for 3.11% (181/5816). Abandoned wells were accounted for 24.09%(1401/5816). Level of water fluoride was determined in 6940samples from fluorosis villages(villages that not carry out the water defluoridation project as well as villages carried out the water defluoridation project with abandoned wells were included) and the value that lower or equal to 1.00mg/L was determined in 2987 villages which accounted for 43.04% (2987/6940). Level of water fluoride that over 1.00 mg/L was found in 3953 villages which accounted for 56.96% (3593/6940), and the highest level of water fluoride was 11.33 mg/L. Level of water fluoride were determined in 4415 samples from water defluoridation project and the value lower or equal to 1.00 mg/L was in 2983 wells which accounted for 65.53%(2983/4415). The value over 1.00 mg/L was in 1522 wells which accounted for 34.47%(1522/4415), the highest value of water fluoride was 9.71 mg/L. Conclusions Level of water fluoride in up to 1/2 of the villages and 1/3 of the projects, is still higher than the standard in Shandong province. Nearly 1/4 of the project has been abandoned. The current situation for endemic fluorosis control is still not good in the province, countermeasures for endemic fluorosis must be carried out as soon as possible and surveillance of water defluoridation project must be strengthened.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between personality characteristics and turnover intention of the medical staff in an infectious diseases hospital. Methods: Using the cluster sampling method, a total of 366 members of medical staff were selected from different departments in an infectious disease hospital from May to August, 2013. The general information, such as sex, age, education level, and professional title, were collected and they were subjected to a survey using Cattell’s 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire and Turnover Intention Scale. The data were subjected to logistic regression analysis. Results: Compared with the Chinese norm, the medical staff in the infectious disease hospital had significantly higher scores of intelligence, stability, bullying, excitability, perseverance, social boldness, fantasy, privateness, independence, and self-discipline and significantly lower scores of gregariousness, sensitivity, suspicion, anxiety, and tension (P<0.05). Of the 366 members of medical staff, 22 (6.01%) had a very low turnover intention, low in 152 (41.53%) , high in 61 (16.67%) , and very high in 131 (35.79%). The logistic regression analysis showed that sensitivity, suspicion, fantasy, privateness, anxiety, openness to change, and independence were the risk factors for turnover intention (P<0.05) . Conclusion Compared with the Chinese norm, the medical staff in the infectious disease hospital have a better mental quality and a higher turnover intention. The individuals with sensitivity, suspicion, fantasy, and anxiety are prone to having turnover intention.

The present study aimed to explore the effects of Eerdun-Wurile on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) expressions in the prefrontal cortex of MCAO / R injury rats.Sixty SD male rats of SPF grade were selected to establish the model of MCAO / R with Zea-Longa thread occlusion,and divided into five groups at random:the sham operation group,the model group,the nimodipine group and the Eerdun-Wurile group.After modeling,rats were anesthetized for preparing the brains.The pathomorphological changes of the brains were evaluated by immunohistochemical techniques,such as HE staining and SP.The protein and mRNA expressions of BDNF and NGF in the prefrontal cortex of rats were detected by ELISA and RT-PCR,respectively.As a result,compared with the model group,it was found that the number of necrotic cells in the prefrontal cortex were significantly reduced in the Eerdun-Wurile group (P ＜ 0.05),while the mRNA and protein expressions of BDNF and NGF were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).In conclusion,the BDNF and NGF expressions in the prefrontal cortex were up-regulated for stimulating the activation of astrocytes and protecting the neurons with the treatment of Eerdun-Wurile in MCAO / R injured rats,which may be the mechanism of the treatment of Eerdun-Wurile for white vein disease.