BACKGROUND:Coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction with transclavicular-transcoracoid driling is an effective surgical technique to treat acromioclavicular dislocation. A good driling in the clavicle leads to a perfect bony tunnel and a good surgery. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of different driling positions of the clavicle on the location of bony tunnels in coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction. METHODS:Sixty three-dimensional digital models of the clavicle and coracoid process were constructed by Mimics13.0. Virtual transclavicular-transcoracoid bony tunnels were established according to different surgical planes with different driling positions in the clavicle. Parameters of these bony tunnels were measured, and the safety was evaluated. Option 1: The driling was made 30 mm distal to the clavicle, located in the center of the front and rear edges of the clavicle surface. Option 2: The driling was made 40 mm distal to the clavicle, located in the center of the front and rear edges of the clavicle surface. Option 3: The driling was made at the straight line of tapered nodule tip and the midpoint of the base of the coracoid process, located at the rear edge of the clavicle upper surface. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bony tunnels in option 1 were extremely on the inside of the coracoid. Bony tunnels in options 1 and 2 were not in the center of clavicle. Bony tunnels in option 3 were in the center of both clavicle and coracoid. The method of locating the driling position with a certain distance to the distal clavicle leads to different results in man’s and woman’s models. To ensure that the bony tunnel can pass through the center of clavicle and coracoid, it is suggested to dril at the straight line of tapered nodule tip and the midpoint of the base of the coracoid process and nearby the rear edge of the clavicle upper surface.

SCCmec Ⅳ.The strains with SCCmec Ⅱ and SCCmec Ⅲ were multi-resistant and their resistance rates were higher than SCCmec Ⅳ (P

AIM: To investigate the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion(MPP+)-induced apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma(PC12) cells and to explore the relationships between its roles of anti-oxidation,intracellular calcium homeostasis and anti-apoptosis.METHODS: Rat PC12 cells were pretreated with vehicle control or EGCG(10,50,and 100 ?mol/L) for 30 min,then cultured with MPP+(900 ?mol/L) for 24 h.The cell viability and apoptosis were monitored by MTT assay and flow cytometry using Annexin V and PI.The activity of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),contents of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA),cytoplasmic Ca2+ density and apoptotic morphology of mitochondria were examined by fluorescent plate-based assays,confocal microscope,and transmission electron microscope,respectively.RESULTS: MPP+ impaired the PC12 cells in a concentration-dependent pattern and induced apoptosis of the cells(31% versus control).Compared with the control,the cells pretreated with EGCG showed markedly higher rate of viability and lower apoptosis.Meanwhile,EGCG pretreatment significantly increased the SOD activity and decreased the levels of MDA and ROS.Interestingly,EGCG also decreased the concentration of cytoplasmic Ca2+ and improved the morphology of mitochondria.CONCLUSION: EGCG exhibits inhibitory effects on MPP+-induced apoptosis in rat PC12 cells,which is possibly associated with increasing the cell ability of anti-oxidation and decreasing the concentration of cytoplasmic Ca2+.

Objective:To construct bispecific minibody by using anti HBsAg and anti RBC single chain Fv(ScFv).Methods:A “knob” variant T366W was first obtained by replacement of a small amino acid with a larger one in the human IgG1 CH 3 domain.The knob was designed to insert into a “hole” in another CH 3 domain which was created by replacement of three large residues with three smaller residues:T366S:L368A:Y407V.The “knob into hole” mutation:S354C:T366W/Y349C:T366S:L368A:Y407V.Then a disulfide bond was engineered in combination with previously designed “knob” or “hole” CH 3 was connected to anti HBsAg or anti RBC ScFv genes respectively.Then the two genes were combined together to form a bispecific minibody expression vector.The bispecific minibodies were expressed in E.coli.Results:Three different form of anti HBsAg and anti RBC minibody expression vectors were constructed.They contained wild type CH 3,“knob into hole”CH 3 or “knob into hole” plus disulfide bond CH 3 respectively.The results indicated that these three different types of bacterially expressed minibodies had similar HBsAg and RBC binding activities.The second and third type of minibody could cause agglutination of human RBC when HBsAg was present,which demonstrated bispecific function.Conclusion:Engineered interface of CH 3 can promote formation of heterodimers of different antibodies and faciliates the formation of bispecific antibodies(bispecific minibody) in E.coli expression system.

Aim To investigate the antagonistic action of EGCG on apoptosis of rat PC12 cell induced by MPP+.Methods PC12 cells were cultured and the apoptosis induced by MPP+(900 ?mol?L-1)was observed.The cells were randomly divided into 6 groups:blank group without any treatment,MPP+ control group,vitamin E group and EGCG groups(10,50,100 ?mol?L-1).After treatment of drugs,cell viability,leakage of LDH,morphological changes of mitochondria and apoptosis were detected by MTT,Hoechst 33342 staining,transmission electron microscope and flow cytometry,respectively.Results After treatment of cultured PC12 cells with MPP+,cell viability was decreased,leakage of LDH and apoptotic rate were increased,and mitochondria swelling,vacuole and cristae breakage were observed.Vitamin E and EGCG en-hanced cell viability,reduced the leakage of LDH and apoptotic rate,and decreased the damage degree of mitochondria.Conclusions EGCG possesses the ability of inhibiting rat PC12 cell apoptosis induced by MPP+,and its protective action may relate to its function of keeping mitochondria integrality.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Mice ; Nanoparticles ; toxicity ; Particle Size ; Titanium ; toxicity ; Toxicity Tests, Acute

The vip3A gene of Bt9816C was cloned and the sequencing result was submitted to GenBank (accession no.AY945939). The gene was identified as a novel vip3Aa gene, which was assigned name vip3Aa18 by the Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin nomenclature committee. Subsequently, vip3Aa18 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and bioassay demonstrated that the purified recombinant Vip3Aa18 had high toxicity against Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua. The results of sequence analysis revealed that a carbohydrate binding domain exists on the C-termini 536 to 667 residues of Vip3Aa18,which maybe participate in binding to midgut receptors in susceptible insects. Moreover, a transmembrane helices located on N-termini 272 to 292 residues was proposed responding for pore formation. Furthermore, a putative disulfide bond was found in the Vip3Aa18 sequence. The specific structures and sites of Vip3Aa18 sequence imply potential function.

AlM: To explore the different ages of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants, take different treatment methods at different times.
METHODS:The 87 cases of 102 children were divided into three different age groups: the first group of 25d-3mo of age 21 cases 26 eyes; The second group >3mo-7mo 31 cases 36 eyes;The third group >7-24mo of age 35 cases 40 eyes. For the first group of infants, the implementation of the lacrimal sac nasolacrimal duct massage + eye drops; for the second group of infants, carry lacrimal pressure washing treatment; for the third group of infants, the implementation of the nasolacrimal duct probing treatment.
RESULTS: The first group of children through the nasolacrimal duct sac massage + drops tobramycin eye drops treatment unobstructed 12, the cure rate was 46. 2%;The second group of children through pressurized irrigation treatment lacrimal patency by 33, the cure rate was 91. 7%; The third group of children through the nasolacrimal duct probing unobstructed 36 treatment, the cure rate was 90. 0%. The second and third group were better than the first group (χ2=15. 71, P<0. 01;χ2=15. 27, P<0. 01);the treatment effect of the second and third groups was no significant difference (χ2=0. 02, P>0. 05).
CONCLUSlON:lnfants with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction should distinguish between ages, taking different treatments, in order to obtain a better therapeutic effect, and lacrimal pressure washing is the preferred way of treating infants with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Objective To discuss the therapeutic strategy and the clinical efficacy of percutaneous cholecystostomy in treating high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis. Methods During the period of Jan. 2006-June 2008,percutaneous cholecystostomy was performed in 27 high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis,consisting of lithic cholecystitis (n = 21) and non-lithic cholecystitis (n = 6). Of 27 patients,percutaneous cholecystostomy via transhepatic approach was performed in 22 and via transperitoneal approach in 5. The 7 F drainage catheter was used. Cholecystography was conducted before the drainage catheter was extracted. Results Percutaneous cholecystostomy was successfully accomplished in all 27 cases,with a technical success rate of 100%. Postoperative patency of gallbladder drainage was obtained in 25 patients,with the relieving or subsiding of abdominal pain and the restoring of temperature and leukocyte account to normal range within 72 hours. In one patient,as the abdominal pain relief was not obvious 72 hours after the procedure,cholecystography was employed and it revealed the obstruction of the drainage catheter. After reopening of the drainage catheter,the abdominal pain was relieved. In another case,cholecystography was carried out because the abdominal pain became worse after the procedure,and minor bile leak was demonstrated. After powerful anti-infective and symptomatic medication,the abdominal pain was alleviated. The drainage catheter was extracted in 25 patients 6-7 weeks after the treatment. Of these 25 patients,12 accepted selective cholecystectomy,7 received percutaneous cholecystolithotomy and 6 with non-lithic cholecystitis did not get any additional surgery. The remaining two patients were living with long-term retention of the indwelling drainage-catheter. Conclusion Percutaneous cholecystostomy is a simple,safe and effective treatment for acute cholecystitis in high-risk patients. This technique is of great value in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To test droplet digital PCR for species identification and absolute quantification of biological sample. METHODS: Specific primers and probes for human mtDNA encoding gene ND4 and 16S rRNA were designed, and the species-specificity was assessed on DNA samples derived from human and common animals. To determine the sensitivity and stability of droplet digital PCR for species identification and absolute quantification, gradient dilution series of recombinant plasmid and 16 human DNA samples were analyzed. RESULTS: Human recombinant plasmid FAM (ND4) could be used in detecting the samples of human. And the results of detecting were consistent with all levels of diluted concentrations. Droplet digital PCR was able to detect low and single copy of target DNA. CONCLUSION Droplet digital PCR, with high sensitivity and specificity, is fully amenable for species identification and absolute quantification of biological samples, also it can be applied on routine forensic examination.
Animals ; DNA ; DNA Primers/genetics* ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics* ; Humans ; NADH Dehydrogenase/genetics* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Species Specificity