In recent years, the study of autophagy in spinal cord injury (SCI) gradually becomes the hot spot. However, the function of autophagy in the injured spinal cord is still controversial. In order to further understand the role of autophagy after SCI, we summarized the activation of autophagy, autophagic cell death, the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis, the function of autophagy in promoting the molecular metabolism and the role of autophagy after spinal cord injury. We concluded that the role of autophagy after SCI is a double-edged sword. Upregulating the level of autophagy appropriately can promote damaged proteins metabolism and inhibit apoptosis. However, excessive activation of antophagy may induce autophagic cell dealth. So we consider that the proper regulation of autophagy will be a new target in the treatment of SCI.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; physiology ; Humans ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; etiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the operative skills and effect of unilateral pedicle screw combined with contralateral percutaneous transfacet screws fixation in treating degenerative low lumbar disease.

METHODSFrom January 2009 to December 2011,22 patients with degenerative low lumbar disease were treated with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, during the operations, unilateral pedicle screw and contralateral percutaneous transfacet screw fixation were performed. There were 16 males and 6 females, aged from 32 to 71 years old with an average of (51.1 ± 10.6) years, including single segment in 20 cases and two segments in 2 cases. Clinical effects were evaluated according to visual analogue score (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 1 to 2.5 years with an average of 18 months. One case complicated with leakage of cerebrospinal fluid after operation and 1 case with lower limb pain of decompression-side on the 3rd day after operation. Twenty-two patients got bony fusion. There were no instability and evidence of instrument failure during follow-up. The VAS and ODI score decreased from preoperative 8.24 ± 0.72, 36.72 ± 6.84 respectively to 3.18 ± 0.66, 4.36 ± 1.12 at the final follow-up (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONUnilateral pedicle screw combined with contralateral percutaneous transfacet screw fixation is safe and feasible surgical technique in treating low lumbar degenerative disease. It has advantages of little trauma, rigid fixation, high fusion rate, and less complication. etc.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedicle Screws ; Spinal Fusion ; methods

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of composite material of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and PLGA/TCP in repair of peri-porous-titanium bone defects in adult rabbits.Meth- otis The composite of PLGA/TCP scaffold with bovine BMP was made and implanted in distal bone de- fects peri-porous-titanium in femur of adult rabbits.The effect of BMP with PLGA/TCP on peri-prosthesis was evaluated by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM),energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and biomechanics.Results BMP with PLGA/TCP showed obvious peak of Ca and P of EDX in the pores of titanium in experiment group six weeks after operation and higher than that in control group (P＜0.05).Push-out test demonstrated that the bonding strength between the composite of HA coating/ porous titanium and bone was increased significantly with time (P＜0.05).In experiment group,at 6 and 12 weeks,peri-porous-titanium had higher shearing force compared with control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion BMP loaded with PLGA/TCP is a promising bone graft for bone defects in revision arthro- plasty,as indicates that bone induction of BMP plays an important role in biological stabilizaiton.

Objective To study the effect of exogenous prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1) on the superoxide dismutase(SOD) and nitric oxide(NO) levels in brain tissue of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD).Methods Sixty 7-day old newborn Wistar rats to establish HIBD models,intraperitoneally and subcutaneous injected PGE 1 and TMP,then the rats were killed after hypo- xia and ischemia for 48 hours.Take cerebral cortex of arteria carotis ligation side and made them into homogenate to detect SOD and NO levels in brain tissue.Results SOD level in HIBD group was lower,and NO level was higher than those of normal group(P

Objective To analyze the changes of the frequency of staphylococcus aureus (SAU) and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from hospitalized children from 2003 to 2006,and investigate the 21 antimicrobial susceptibility against SAU strains for providing reference for clinical rational use of drug.Methods The SAU strains were isolated from 207 children who were hospitalized in department of pediatrics of the sixth people′s hospital affiliated to Shanghai jiaotong university from Jan.2003 to Dec.2006 during the first 48 h of hospital stay.Strains were isolated from cotton-tipped swab of throat culture 75 strains,sputum culture 57 strains,secretion of bellybutton culture 25 strains,liquor puris culture 23 strains,hemoculture 20 strains,tube thoracostomy culture 3 strains,middle piece urnary culture 3 strains,cerebrospinal fluid culture 1 strain.The strains were identified by latex agglutination test,the in vitro activities of the 21 antimicrobial agents against 207 SAU isolates was tested by disc diffusion test (K-B method) according to the guidelines of the clinical and laboratory standards institute.MRSA was screened by oxacillin disc diffusion test.The data were analyzed by WHONET 5 software,Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel was used to analyze the tendency of SAU isolating rate and MRSA detectable rate.Results Of these SAU,30 strains(14.5 %) isolates were MRSA and 177 strains(85.5 %) were methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus.The sensitive rates of SAU to Penicilin,Oxacillin,Cefuroxime Sodium,Cefotaxime,Ceftriaxone,Erythromycin,Clindamycin,Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole,Ciprofloxacin,Fosfomycin and Rifampin were 4.8%,85.5%,84.9%,90.0%,88.3%,37.5%,46.3%,92.7%,74.2%,97.2%,94.0%,respectively.All the strains were sensitive to peptide antibiotic(for instance,vacomycin and teicoplanin) and Levofloxacin.The SAU isolated rate and MRSA detectable rate were 9.6%,19.8%,25.0%,39.5% and 5.0%,5.9%,12.7%,24.7% in 2003-2006,respectively.Conclusions SAU has strong resis-tance to Penicilin and Erythromycin,but relative sensitive to Oxacillin and Cephalosporin.The SAU isolatating rate and MRSA resistant rate is increased in our area,pediatrics should to strengthen the monitoring of SAU is important in pediatrics.

Brain Diseases ; Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Peritoneal Neoplasms/secondary* ; Peritoneum/pathology* ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery*

Objective: To observe the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) plus Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: A total of 60 patients with KOA were divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. Patients in the observation group received the treatment of EA plus Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises), while patients in the control group only received EA treatment. Both groups were treated for 5 weeks. The changes of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores in the two groups were observed after treatment. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate in the observation group (92.3％) was significantly higher than that in the control group (70.0％), (P<0.05); the WOMAC and VAS scores in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, showing statistical significance (all P<0.01); there were significant differences in the post-treatment changes in the WOMAC and VAS scores between the two groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: EA plus Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) is clinically effective for KOA. This combined treatment can alleviate clinical symptoms.

Objective To develop and optimize a module for the automatic production of N-succinimidyl-4-[18F] fluorobenzoate (18F-SFB) that is used for further 18F labelling C2A domain of Synaptotagmin Ⅰ . The conjugated compound was applied for detecting the tumor apoptosis in rabbit model after chemotherapy. Methods GE TRACERlab and TRACERlab FXF-N modules were modified and programmed to automatically produce 18 F-SFB which was further analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).C2A-glutathione S transferase (GST) was conjugated with 18F-SFB (18F-FB-C2A-GST) and subsequently purified by HPLC. Two rabbits grafted with VX2 lung cancer were first treated with chemotherapy and then,37 MBq of 18F-FB-C2A-GST was administered via the auricular vein. Serial PET/CT imagings were performed at 0.5, 1 and 2 h post-injection respectively. Tumor apoptosis was examined by pathological study. Results The TRACERlab FXFoG and TRACERlab FXF-N modules were successfully adapted to synthesize18F-SFB, with the radiochenmical yield (76.41 ±4.00)% (n = 10), the corrected yield (45.43 ±5.90 ) % and the radiochemical purity about 95%. The whole procedure for labeling 18 F-SFB was about 87 min.From PET/CT imagings, significant uptake was found in the tumor after chemotherapy, but no obvious up-take was found in heart, lungs and liver. HE staining demonstrated large number of apoptotic bodies within the tumor tissues. Conclusions 18 F-SFB can be automatically synthesized. 18F-FB-C2A-GST might be useful for the detection of apoptosis in tumor after chemotherapy.

This study is to investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Uygur medicine bugloss (BTF) on rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and to explore the mechanisms by which it acts. Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in rats was occluded for 30 min followed by 4 h reperfusion. Meanwhile, BTF dissolved in saline was administered intraperitoneally at dosage of 10, 30 and 50 mg x kg(-1). Electrocardiograph, infarction index, serum myocardial enzymes and heart function were determined to evaluate the effect of BTF. Some other observations were carried out to explore whether inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis is involved in the mechanisms underlying BTF. Our results showed that in ischemia/reperfusion injured rats BTF could dose-dependently reduce myocardial infarction index and myocardial enzyme leakage, and enhance heart function, indicating that it possesses significant cardio protection. ELISA analysis showed that BTF could decrease the content of myocardial inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Western-blotting confirmed that BTF could increase the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and reduce the expression of proapoptosis protein Bax. Further more, the phosphorylation level of PI3K and Akt was upregulated by BTF treatment. BTF can protect rat against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Anti-inflammation and inhibition of apoptosis through upregulating PI3K/Akt signal pathway may contribute to the protective effect of BTF.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Boraginaceae ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Heart ; Interleukin-6 ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Myocardium ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Phosphorylation ; Protective Agents ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein

In this study, a novel resequencing pathogen microarray (RPM)-based multi-pathogen detection assay was developed to simultaneously detect 14 rotaviruses, 7 caliciviruses, 8 astroviruses, 28 enteroviruses, and 16 rare diarrhea viruses in patients with diarrhea syndrome. The specificity of the assay was examined using confirmed virus-positive specimens, and the sensitivity was evaluated by serial ten-fold dilutions of in vitro transcribed RNA. RPM assay could detect and differentiate virus types/subtypes at 20-2000 copies/microL. The detection threshold of RPM was determined by adjusting the reference concentration, and the detection steps were optimized to type Enterovirus. The nucleic acids of 10 stool samples from patients with unexplained diarrhea were screened, and 6 of them showed positive results. The RPM results were further verified by singleplex PCR followed by sequencing, and no difference was found between the two assays. In conclusion, we have established a high-throughput RPM assay with high specificity and sensitivity, which demonstrates a great potential for the identification of pathogens in patients with unexplained diarrhea and the management of emerging epidemic.
DNA Primers ; genetics ; Diarrhea ; virology ; Feces ; virology ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; methods ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification