Sphingosine kinase (SphK), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptor (S1PR) are involved in the tumor biological processes such as tumor cell proliferation and migration, and play an important role in the development of cancer. In recent years, researchers have increasingly focused on the interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment is genetically stable and can be induced to an antitumor phenotype, which has significant therapeutic advantages. Studies have shown that SphK/S1P/S1PR can regulate multiple aspects of the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the effects of SphK and S1P/S1PR signaling on the tumor microenvironment from four perspectives: tumor immune microenvironment, cancer associated fibroblasts, tumor angiogenesis and tumor hypoxic microenvironment, and also outlines potential drug research related to these signal molecules, aiming to elucidate the role of SphK/S1P/S1PR in tumor occurrence and development and provide new ideas for the research of anti-tumor drugs.

OBJECTIVETo study possible mechanisms of Shangjuxu (ST37) and the large intestine.

METHODSTotally 40 SD rats were selected. The distension of end colon was used as injured afferent stimulus. Activities of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons were recorded by extracellular microelectrode technique. Shangjuxu (ST37) and Hegu (L14) were needled to observe general features of discharge reactions, distention of colon induced discharge reactions of LC, and its effects on distention of colon induced discharge reactions of LC.

RESULTSDistention of colon could induce incrased discharge of LC neurons by 127.33% ± 45.48%. But needling at Shangjuxu (ST37) and Hegu (L14) could inhibit this injured response by 38.24% ± 7.69% and 21.29% ± 13.16% respectively (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSNeedling at Shangjuxu (ST37) and afferent signals of colon distension converged and interacted with each other. Needling at Shangjuxu (ST37) could significantly inhibit colon distension induced discharge of LC neurons, which might be one of mechanisms for Shangjuxu (ST37) and the large intestine relationship.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Colon ; Intestine, Large ; Locus Coeruleus ; physiology ; Neurons ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

An antibiotic-producing bacterium, which was numbered as 20 #-5, was separated from the soil in Chongqing. It was identified as the member of pseudomonas. Gram positive bacteria are badly suppressed by it. The antibiotic secreted by 20 #-5 can endure 100℃ for half an hour, and it can also go through the ultrafiltration membrane with pores of 0.22?m.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features and the strategy for the diagnosis and treat- ment of bilateral testicular tumor.Methods The clinical data (including the signs and symptoms,imaging studies,tumor markers,treatment modalities and histopatbologic diagnoses) of 10 cases of bilateral testicular tumor from January 1980 to December 2004 were reviewed.Their age ranged from 19 to 58 years(mean,34 years).Of the 10 cases,8 with metachronous and 2 with synchronous testicular tumors were identified.The clinical stages at the primary and secondary tumor diagnosis were:5 cases of stageⅠ,3 of stageⅡ;and 6 cases of stageⅠ,1 of stageⅡ,and 1 of stageⅢ,respectively,in 8 metachronous tumor patients.Two syn- chronous tumor patients were both identified as stageⅠdisease.Histological examination showed the primary tumor (seminoma) in 4 cases and the secondary contralateral tumor (seminoma) in 3.Results Two syn- chronous tumor patients underwent bilateral radical orchiectomy simultaneously,and 8 underwent orchiectomy successively.Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was performed in 3 cases.Postoperatively,hypogonadism occurred in 10 patients,and 7 of them received androgen replacement therapy.Follow-up ranged from 9 month to 23 years with a mean of 10.5 years.Two patients died of the disease;2 had metastasis (1 of them was alive with metastasis);2 had recurrences and underwent local resection.Conclusions Metachronous bilateral testicular cancers are more common than synchronous bilateral testicular cancers.Seminoma was the most common histopathologic type.Testis-sparing surgery can be performed in selected cases.

Anastomosis, Surgical ; Anastomotic Leak/surgery* ; Drainage ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Suction

A strain was isolated from internal organ of died porcine about 8 weeks with purulent pneumonia,arthritis,pyogenic arthritis and endocarditis in April 2007.Objectives of the study are to confirm the genus of the strain,pathopoiesis,and drug sensitivity.The mainly study methods:the first,the strain was identified by the phenotype and the characteristics of the biochemistry,sequence 16S rDNA genes of the strain was analyzed by molecular biology technology,finally animal experiment and drug sensitivity testing were done.The results of the phenotype and the characteristics of the biochemistry showed that it is greatly similar to Actinomyces hyovaginalis,16S rRNA sequence analysis exhibited the homology achieved to 99.2% com-pared with group III strains of Actinomyces hyovaginalis,and the phyletic evolution analysis also indicated that it has mostly relationship with group III strains of Actinomyces hyovaginalis.Animal experiment dis-covered it has highly pathogenicity to Mus musculus albus;Drug sensitivity testing showed that it is hyper-sensitive to Erycin,Gentamicin and Amikacin.So,the result of the study confirmed that the strain is Actin-omyces hyovaginalis III with the pathogenicity.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the experience on diagnosis and treatment of multiple adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA).

METHODSEighteen cases of multiple adrenal APA were analyzed retrospectively, which were admitted from October 1992 to April 2006.

RESULTSAdrenalectomy was performed for 4 cases of unilateral synchronous multiple APA, which were discovered with three adenomas by 3D-CT; bilateral tumor resection was performed for 6 cases of bilateral synchronous multiple APA. There were 8 cases of bilateral metachronous multiple APA, including 2 cases of ipsilateral recurrent adrenal APA after adrenal tumor removal, which underwent tumor resection. Another 6 cases were contralateral APA following adrenalectomy due to adrenal APA, and underwent tumor resection. After operation, the adrenal function seemed to be normal, and no recurrence had been found on follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSUnilateral multiple synchronous APA require adrenalectomy. Tumor resection should be performed for bilateral or asynchronous APA, and it is very important to preserve healthy adrenal tissue as much as possible. 3D-CT has much value on diagnosis of small APA, unilateral multiple synchronous APA and ipsilateral recurrent adrenal APA.

Adenoma ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Adrenalectomy ; Adult ; Aldosterone ; blood ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; blood ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effect of cerebrospinal fluid containing Qingxin Kaiqiao recipe on PC12 cell injury induced by glutamate (Glu), in order to provide basis for the conical application of the recipe.

METHODSD rats were orally administered with decoction of Qingxin Kaiqiao recipe (7.9 g x kg(-1)) for three and a half days, 2 times a day, in order to prepare cerebrospinal fluid containing Qingxin Kaiqiao recipe. PC cells were divided into the normal group, the model group, the nimodipine group, the 10% normal CSF group, the 10% medicated CSF group, the 20% normal CSF group, the 20% medicated CSF group. Except for the normal group, other groups were cultured with PC12 cells and Glu with the final concentration of 20 mmol x L(-1) to establish the nerve cell injury model. Apart from the model group and the normal group, other groups were intervened with nimodipine, normal cerebrospinal fluid, and 10% and 20% medicated CSF. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of Bax mRNA, Bcl-2 mRNA and Caspase-3 mRNA, and MTT method was used to detect the activity of PC12 cells.

RESULTThe activity of PC12 cells of all of medicated CSF groups was higher than that of the model group, with the decrease in the expression of Bax mRNA and Caspase-3 mRNA and the increase in the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA. They showed a significant different with the model group (P < 0.01). The 20% medicated CSF group was superior than the 10% medicated CSF group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONQingxin Kaiqiao recipe shows an apparent protective effect on PC12 cells injured by Glu.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; genetics ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Glutamic Acid ; toxicity ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical methods for reducing bladder cancer recurrence after surgical treatment for renal pelvic carcinoma.

METHODSFrom October 1997 to December 2007, the data of 227 patients undergoing total nephroureterectomy for clinically localized transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis with follow-up results were analyzed retrospectively, including 126 cases of male and 101 cases of female, and the age was 34 to 78 years old. There were 2 kinds of technique used in the dissection of bladder wall circumferentially around the ureteral orifice. Technique A was dissection along the ipsilateral ureter to the bladder wall. Technique B was dissection along the vas deferens to the bladder wall circumferentially around the ipsilateral ureteral orifice and division of the lateral vesical ligament to reach the seminal vesicle. Prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy included 3 method. Method 1 was intraoperative intravesical chemotherapy and then administrated once a week, 10 times in total. Method 2 was intraoperative intravesical chemotherapy and then administrated once a week from the 4(th) week after operation, 10 times in total. Method 3 was intravesical chemotherapy was given once a week from the 4(th) week after operation, 10 times in total. The time of follow-up was 1 to 10 years with regular cystoscopy. Chi-square test and Logistic regression were used to analyzed the recurrence rate of bladder cancer.

RESULTSRecurrence rate of bladder cancer was 27.8% (63/227). The recurrence rates of bladder cancer in patients using technique A and B were 18.0% (7/39) and 12.5% (3/24), respectively (P < 0.05). The postoperative recurrence rates of bladder cancer in patients using 3 kinds of intravesical chemotherapy regimen were 17.9% (11/67), 20.8% (10/48) and 33.3% (17/51), respectively. There was significant difference between the recurrence rates of patients using method 1 and method 3 intravesical chemotherapy (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONComplete removal of the bladder mucosa circumferentially around the ureteral orifice, administration of the intraoperative intravesical chemotherapy instillation and instillation once a week may be a useful approach to reduce the recurrence of bladder cancer after operation for renal pelvic carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; surgery ; Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; surgery ; Kidney Pelvis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; prevention & control ; Postoperative Care ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; secondary

Objective To discuss the clinical significance of petrosal vein in operation of cerebel- lopontine angle(CPA)tumor.Methods From Dec.2004 to Mar.2006,33 patients with tumor in CPA were operated,the petrosal vein were protected well in 31 cases and failed to protect in 2 cases.Results No hemorrhagic infarction observed in 31 cases with well protection of petrosal vein.Two cases with petrosal vein damage occured with vein infarction and hemorrhagic edema.One was dead and the other was recovered well after decompression of posterior cranial fossa.Conclusion Petrosal vein should be well protected in the tumor operation of CPA area,the decompression of posterior cranial fossa should be considered if petrosal vein failed to protect.