OBJECTIVE:To establish the RP-HPLC method for determination of the content of 10-deacetyl-bacratin Ⅲ in Taxus baccata.METHODS:The determination was performed on Shim-Pack VP-ODS column (250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) at a column temperature of 40 ℃.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water (gradient elution) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The detective wavelength was set at 232 nm. RESULTS:The linear range of 10-deacetyl-bacratin Ⅲ was 264～1 320 ng(r=0.999 5)and the average recovery was 98.8%(RSD=1.3%,n=9).CONCLUSION:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and it is applicable for the quality control of T.baccata.

Objective: To investigate the changes of brain metabolites of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in infarct area after acute cerebral infarction and the correlation between the ADC values and brain metabolites. Methods: Thirty-two consecutive patients with acute cerebral infarction were enrolled in the study. They were all performed head MR scan, magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) , ADC map and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The ADC values and the content of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline, creatine, and lactic acid were measured in the central and peripheral area of infarction, peripheral normal brain tissue, and the contralateral mirror image area of the central area of infarction (mirror image area). The correlation analyses between ADC values and NAA, choline, creatine, and lactic acid were performed. Results: Circled digit oneCompared with the contralateral mirror image area, the ADC value decreased significantly in the central area of infarction, and the ADC value decreased mildly in the peripheral area (P < 0.01). The ADC values did not change significantly in the peripheral normal brain tissue. Circled digit twoCompared with the contralateral mirror image area, the NAA content decreased significantly and the lactic acid content increased significantly in the central area of infarction. The NAA content decreased mildly and the lactic acid content increased mildly in the peripheral area. There were no significant changes in the NAA and lactic acid in the peripheral normal brain tissue. There were no significant differences in the choline content in the peripheral area of infarction, peripheral normal area and mirror image area, but they were all higher than that in the central area of infarction, and the differences were significant (P <0.05, P < 0.01). Circled digit threeAfter acute cerebral infarction, the ADC value of brain tissue was positively correlated with the NAA content (rs = 0.196, P = 0.027), negatively correlated with the lactic acid content (rs = - 0.381 , P = 0.000), and was not correlated with the choline content (rs = 0.088, P = 0.326). Conclusion: The ADC value, NAA, choline and choline content changed in the central area of infarction and peripheral area after acute cerebral infarction. The changes of ADC values has a certain correlation with the NAA and lactic acid content.

Objective: To extract the syndrome elements of CHD angina pectoris with entropy-based complex system partition method and to analyze the distribution of the syndrome elements, in an effort to study the pathogenetic characteristics of CHD angina pectoris. Methods: The clinical data of 403 patients with CHD angina pectoris were collected by clinical epidemiological survey. Entropy-based Complex System Partition was used to extract the syndrome elements, contribution degree of symptoms to syndrome and diagnostic threshold. The combination rule of the syndrome elements was also analyzed. Results: CHD angina pectoris had the following basic syndromes: Qi Deficiency syndrome, Qi Stagnation syndrome, Blood Stasis syndrome, Phlegm Turbid syndrome, Phlegm-fire syndrome, Stagnation-fire syndrome, Yin Deficiency syndrome and Yang Deficiency syndrome. With the increase of syndrome elements, the frequencies of Qi Deficiency syndrome, Yin Deficiency syndrome, Qi Stagnation syndrome, Blood Stasis syndrome, and Phlegm turbid syndrome also increased. Qi Deficiency syndrome and Blood Stasis syndrome were the two syndrome elements seen most frequently. Conclusions: The syndrome elements extracted by entropy-based complex system partition method and their distribution rule can reflect the pathogenic characteristics of angina pectoris, which lays a base of quantify the diagnostic criteria of the angina pectoris syndrome.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of moxibustion and treadmill exercise on transcutaneous oxygen tension and exercise capacity in lower limbs of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

METHODSTotally 58 mild-to-moderate PAD patients were assigned to the control group (18 cases), the moxibustion group (20 cases), and the treadmill exercise group (20 cases) by random digit table. Patients in the control group received conventional drug therapy for 12 weeks. Patients in the moxibustion group and the treadmill exercise group additionally received moxibustion [at Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Yongquan (KI1)] and treadmill exercise respectively, once per day, 5 times per week for 12 weeks in total. Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) , transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO₂), 6-min walking test (6MWT), and walking impairment questionnaire (WIQ) were assessed before and after treatment.

RESULTSCompared with the control group and the same group before treatment, there was no statistical difference in ABI in the moxibustion group and the treadmill exercise group (P > 0.05). But TcPO₂, 6MWT, and WIQ were obviously elevated (P < 0.01). Besides, 6MWT and WIQ assessment of the treadmill exercise group were better than that of the moxibustion group (P < 0.01) after intervention.

CONCLUSIONMoxibustion and treadmill exercise could improve the exercise capacity and TcPO₂of lower limbers in PAD patients.

Exercise Test ; Exercise Therapy ; Exercise Tolerance ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; physiopathology ; Moxibustion ; Oximetry ; Oxygen ; blood ; Peripheral Arterial Disease ; therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Walking

Objective To assess the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) i-gel used in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 21-64 yr, weighing 4590 kg, undergoing elective laparoscopic gynecological surgery, were randomized into 2 groups ( n = 30 each):LMA i-gel group (group Ⅰ) and LMA Supreme group (group S) . Mallampatti test was performed before operation in both groups. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion of propofol (target plasma concentration 2.5-4.0 μg/ml) and remifentanil (target plasma concentration 3-6 ng/ml) . After the patients lost consciousness, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was given to facilitate the LMA insertion. LMA i-gel and LMA Supreme were inserted in I and S groups respectively. A gastric tube was inserted through the drain tube of the LMA. In group S the air was injected into the cuff to make intracuff pressure reach 60 cm H2O after successful LMA insertion. The LMA placement time, the number of attempts of LMA insertion, the number of attempts of gastric tube placement, the airway sealing pressure, the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation, and complications (sore throat, odynopliagia,hoarseness) were recorded. The fiberoptic laryngoscopy scores were assessed after successful LMA placement. The anesthesia time and recovery time were also recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the anesthesia time, recovery time, LMA placement time, fiberoptic bronchoscopy scores and the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation between the two group. The success rates of LMA and gastric tube placement were 100% in both groups. The airway sealing pressure was significantly higher, while the incidence of sore throat and odynopliagia was significantly lower in group I than in group S. Conclusion LMA i-gel provides adequate ventilation during operation with fewer complications and can be used effectively for gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between carotid artery plagues and the clinical risk factors in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 by observing the ultrasonic characteristics of carotid atherosclerosis plagues.Methods The ultrasound results of carotid arteries in 665 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 from January 2009 to December 2011 in Beijing Amery General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The location and quantity of carotid atherosclerotic plaques were observed .The relationship between the occurrence and risk factors of diabetes such as hypertension ,family history of diabetes and age were analyzed.Single factor and multi-factor analysis were applied for the related risk factors .Results The ultrasonography showed 405 cases of carotid artery plaques.Most carotid artery plaques were located in the posterior wall of carotid sinus and were hyperechoic ,hypoechoic or isoechoic.The single factor analysis showed hypertension,family history of diabetes and age are risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis (χ2 =42.322,9.682 and 140.658,all P<0.01).Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed age was an independent risk factor of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.The risk factors scores of patients who were less than 45 years,45-65 years and over 65 years of age were (3.50 ±1.16)scores,(3.46 ±0. 92)scores and (3.21 ±0.88)scores,and the difference was statistically significant (F=5.781,P<0.001). There were significant differences between risk factors scores of different age groups ( t =2.084,2.002, 3.786,3.474,2.877 and 2.504,all P<0.05).In patients more than 65 years of age,the risk of atherosclerosis plaques is 28.732 times higher than that of patients less than 45 years of age.After controlling the age factor,the possibility of atherosclerosis plaque increased 1.201 times for each additional one point of score. Conclusions Most carotid artery plaques in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 are located in the posterior wall of carotid sinus and are hyperechoic ,hypoechoic or isoechoic.Age is an independent risk factor for the formation of carotid plaque.Patients more than 45 years of age should undergo early intervention to avoid the occurrence of major vascular complications .

Objective To investigate the effect of different time administration of parecoxib sodium on the postoperative analgesic efficacy in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Methods This was a prospective,randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Sixty ASA Ⅰ orⅡ patients aged 17-83 yr undergoing pulmonary lobectomy were randomly allocated to one of 3 groups (n=20 each):A, B and C groups. Group A received normal saline 2 ml at 30 min before skin incision and the end of operation. Group B received iv parecoxib sodium 40 mg at 30 min before skin incision and normal saline 2 ml at 30 min before the end of operation. Group C received normal saline 2 ml at 30 min before skin incision and iv parecoxib sodium 40 mg at 30 min before the end of operation. All the patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine and VAS score was maintained≤3. The patients were followed up after operation.The morphine consumption, patients' global evaluation of the postoperative analgesia (0-100, 0=worst pain, 100=no pain), nausea and vomiting, body temperature , volume o chest drainage, hepatic, renal and blood coagulation function were recorded. Results Compared with group A, the morphine consumption was significantly reduced, the patient' s satisfaction score increased and body temperature decreased in B and C groups(P＜0.05 or 0.01). There was no significant difference in the morphine consumption, patient's satisfaction score and body temperature between B and C groups(P＞0.05). No significant difference was found in the parameters of hepatic, renal and blood coagulation function, volume of chest drainage and incidence of nausea and vomiting among the three groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion When postoperative analgesia is assisted with iv parecoxib sodium 40 mg given at 30 min before skin incision or at 30 min beforethe end of operation,the efficacy is similar,and both can improve the postoperative analgesic efficacy of morphine and reduce fever after operation in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.

Objective To study the effects of isoflurane anesthesia on the medium- and longterm cognitive function in mice at different months of age. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice at ages of 4 month (n =45)and 20 month (n 45) were randomly assigned to control group,short- term anesthesia and long term anesthesia groups,respectively (n=15 per group).Inhalation anesthesia was applied with 3％ isoflurane for induction and 1.2 ％ isoflurane for maintain in 30 ％ oxygen,and control group received 30％ oxygen only for 60 min.Short- and long- term anesthesia group anesthesia was maintained for 30 min and 60 min,respectively.Cognitive function was determined by alternative behavior and water maze.Alternative behavior was assessed at 1 d before ancsthesia and 7,14 and 28 d after anesthesia,and water maze was assessed from 7 d to 8 d,9 d,10 d,11 d and 28 d after anesthesia. Results The correct rate of alternative behavior at age of 4 month in long-term anesthesia group [(58=6)％] was lower than relative control [(69±9)％] (t=4.26,P＜0.01) at 28 d.The number of arm entries at age of 20 month in short- term anesthesia group (31 ± 6) was increased than control(24±6) and long-term anesthesia group (24±8)(F=5.34,P＜0.01) at 14 d after anesthesia,while the number in long-term anesthesia group (24± 6) was decreased than control (29±7) and short term anesthesia group(30±6)(F=3.29,P＜0.05) with no significant difference in correct rate at 28 d after anesthesia.There was no difference in latent time of water maze between groups at age of 4 month.The ratios of spent time in the target quadrant to the whole time at age of 4 month at 11 d and 28 d after anesthesia in short-term anesthesia group[( 36.6 ± 14.4)％,(34.7 ±9.5)％] and long term anesthesia group [( 36.8 ± 16.4)％ ,(31.8± 12.0)％] were reduced as compared with control [(49.5±8.8) ％,(42.8±12.2) ％] (F=3.31,3.30,all P＜0.05).The latent time of mice at age of 20 month at 11 d after anesthesia in short-term anesthesia[(31±6)s] and longterm anesthesia group [(30±7)s ] were longer than control [(23±6)s](F =3.34,P＜0.05).There were no differences in the ratios of spent time in the target quadrant to the whole time and the number of cross -platform among the groups. Conclusions Isoflurane anesthesia may impact the mediumand long- term cognitive funclion in mice at ages of 4 month and 20 month.

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of fentanyl, sufentanil or remifentanil combined with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol for sedation in the elderly undergoing colonoscopy. Methods In this prospective randomized study, 60 patients undergoing colonoscopy and propofol TCI were randomly assigned to group F (fentanyl), group S (sufentanil) and group R (remifentanil)(each n=20). Patients in group F received a single bolus of fentanyl, while those in group S and group R received TCI sufentanil and remifentanil separately. The blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen content and Bispectral index (BIS) were monitored, and all the complications were recorded. Results All patients were adequately sedated. There were no significant differences in general conditions, hemodynamics changes, sedation depth and adverse event among the three groups (all P＞0.05). Time for recovery was longer in group F [(21.3±4.6) min] than in group S [(19.9±3.3) min] and group R [(15.9±1.8) min, P＜0.05]. Conclusions For the elderly undergoing colonoscopy, sedation with fentanyl, sufentanil or remifentanil combined with propofol TCI is feasible and safe. It is more excellent for the remifentanil group at shorter discharge time.

Objective To explore the interference effect of drinking green tea on patients with primary kidney disease syndrome. Methods 200 cases of patients with normal kidney function and also accepted initial treatment of primary kidney disease syndrome were divided into the research group(102cases) and the control group (98 cases) at random. The research group adopted normal nursing, hormone medicine treatment and also drank green tea as nursing measure, but the control group used normal medical treatment and hormone only. The change of blood sugar, blood fat and hemodynamics and relapse rate of kidney disease syndrome were observed in two groups one year later. Results A variety of indexes of the blood sugar, blood fat and hemodynamics in patients of the research group were better than the patients of the control group one year later. The relapse rate of the research group was 11.76%, the control group was 28.57%, the difference was statistically different. Conclusions Drinking green tea can improve the food treatment effect of patients suffered from primary kidney disease syndrome so as to reduce the recrudescent rate effectively and improve life quality of patients suffered from primary kidney disease syndrome.