To modify uricase with PEG reagent in order to decrease uricase immunogenieity and increase its stability.Methods:The branched PEG of 40 kD was chosen to modify native uricase.The properties of the mod-ified uricase including the stabilities to protease,pH and temperature,in vivo half-life time,as well as the immu-nogenicity were evaluated.The pharmacokinetic profiles of the midofied uricase were studied in mice.Results:It is demonstrated that the conjugation of PEG to lysine residues of Candida utilis uricase resulted in higher tryp-sin resistance.reduced immune response.and prolonged in vivo half-life.PEG modified uricase retained 80% of the enzymatic activity of native uricase.In addition,it was found that half-life in serum of the intravenously injec-ted PEGylated uriease of up to 696 min was longer that that of native uficase of 45 min.Higher plasma drug con-centrations were also reached with dosing of the PEGylated uricase to mice.Furthermore,the binding affinity Was shown to be reduced for the PEG-uricase using ELISA assay.and it was one-eishth that of native uricase.Final-ly,it Was indicated that the PEG uficase induced a delayed immunoresponse in mice following repeated adminis-trations.Conclusion:These findings demonstrate that this chemically modified form of uricase may serve as a potentially effective drug to treat gout patients.

Objective To survey age of menarehe in Pudong district in Shanghai. Methods Data in this study were derived from 56 924 women at age of 20 -81 years in screening for cervical cancer between January 2007 and July 2008 in Pudong district. The age of menarche were recorded in a questionnaire. To investigate the trends in age at menarehe in different socioeconomic status, the subjects were divided into 12 groups in 5-year birth cohorts. The mean menarche age in each group was analyzed by analysis of variance(ANOVA). The percentage of menarche age at 10- 12 years and more than 18 years was analyzed by χ2 method. Results (1 ) The minimum age of menarcbe recorded is 10 years old, and the maximum is 28 years old, with average age of menarche at 15.7 years. In all groups, the smallest average age of menarcbe is 14. 6 years in 26 - 30 years old age group, while the biggest average age of menarche age is 16. 5 years in ＞ 75 years old group; The difference showed statistical significance (P ＜ 0. 01 ). (2) The percentages for participants with early menarehe age (10 - 12 years old) or late menarehe age (＞ 18-year-old menarche) were 1.82% (1034/56 924 ) and 5.20 % (2959/56 924 ) respectively. However, the maximum percentage for early menarche was recorded in 31 -35 years old group (4. 45% ,197/4431 ), only 0. 84% (10/1191 ) of participants in ＞75 years old group was classified as early menarebe. Meanwhile, the lowest percentage for late menarehe was 0. 38% (17/4431 ) in 31 - 35 years old group, and the highest percentage was 14. 70% (91/619) in ＞ 75 years old group. The changes in the percentages for early menarche or late menarche are significantly associated with age differences (P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion The study suggested that the average of onset age of menarche in Pudong district has declined over the past decades in an age-based way, accompanied with the increase of the percentage for early menarche and the decrease of percentage for late menarehe.

Objective To investigate natural spontaneous menopausal age , menstruation span and their relationship with menarche age and parity in Pudong district of Shanghai. Methods From Jan 2007 to Jul 2008, 15 083 spontaneous menopause women undergoing cervical cancer screening were enrolled in this study. The questionnaire included menarche age, parity, spontaneous menopausal age and menstruation span. Those women were divided into four groups based on age, which were group of 56 -60, 61 -65, 66 -70 and more than 70. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparing difference between menopausal age and menstruation span. Multiple factor regressions was used to analyze the relationship between menarche age, parity and menopausal age and menstruation span. Results (1) Spontaneous menopausal age: the minimum was 29 years old, the maximum was 61 years old, and the mean age was (50.6 ±3.7)years old. The mean spontaneous menopause age were (50.9 ± 3.4), ( 50.7 ± 3.7 ), (50.0 ± 4.1 ), (49.6 ±4.0) years in groups of 56 -60, 61 -65, 66 -70 and more than 70 years. With the increasing age range in four groups, the increasing trends of menopausal age were observed, which the difference of 1.36 year was shown between groups of 56 - 60 and more than 70 years. (2) Menstruation span: the mean of menstruation span was (34.3 ± 4.1 ) years, which the minimal age of 12 years and maximal age of 48 years were recorded. (34.6 ± 3.8), (34.3 ± 4.1 ), (33.9 ± 4.6), (33.2 ± 4. 5) were observed in groups of 56 - 60,61 -65, 66 -70 and more than 70 years. With the increasing age range in four groups, the increasing trends of menstruation span were observed, which the difference of 1.41 year was shown between groups of 56 –60 and more than 70 years. (3)The impact of menarche age on menopausal age and menstruation span: there was no correlation between menarche age and menopausal age ( r = 0.02); however, menstruation span was found to be negatively correlated with the menarche age ( r = - 0.43 ). (4) The impact of parity on menopausal age and menstruation span: the mean menopausal age of women who had 1 -2 deliveries was significantly higher than those had no delivery or more than 3 deliveries ( P < 0.05 ). However, there was no difference in menopausal age between women with 1 and 2 deliveries or between women without delivery and more than 3 deliveries (P > 0.05). Menstruation span of women with 1 delivery was significantly longer that those with more than 1 delivery( P < 0.05 ), similarly, women with 2 deliveries had longer menstruation span than women without delivery or more than 3 deliveries(P < 0.05 ). There were no difference in menstruation span between women with more than 3 deliveries and without delivery ( P >0.05 ). (5) Multifactor regression analysis for menstruation span: menarche age was correlated with menstruation span negatively ( r = - 0.97,P <0.001 ). There was significantly different menstruation span between group of 61 -65, 66 -70 or more than 70 years and group of 56-60 (r= -0. 18, P=0.020; r= -0.78,P <0.001 and r= - 1.23,P<0.001). Menstruation span in women with 1 -2 deliveries was significantly longer than that of women without delivery or more than 3 deliveries. (6)Multifactor logistic analysis of menopausal age: there was no association between menarche age and menopausal age, however, significant differences were found in mean menopausal age between different groups, which show that menopausal age of group 56 - 60 years was significant higher than the other groups, including age-group 61 -65 years ,66 -70 years and over 70 years ( r = - 0.18, P = 0.020; r = - 0.78,P < 0.001; r = - 1.23, P < 0.001 ). Menopausal age in women with 1 - 2 deliveries was significantly higher than those of women without delivery or with more than 3 deliveries,however, no difference between women with 1 and 2 deliveries or between women without deliveries and more than 3 deliveries was observed. Conclusion (1) Menopausal age and menstruation span exhibited increasing trends in Pudong district of Shanghai. (2) Menarche age and parity were the important factors influencing menopausal age and menstruation span. (3) With younger age of menarche, the menstruation span become longer. (4) Deliveries of 1 -2 times can significantly delay the menopause and prolong menstruation span, however, the multiple deliveries ( ≥ 3 times) had no significant impact on menopausal age and menstruation span.

Hamartoma ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; etiology ; Hypothalamic Diseases ; complications ; surgery ; Infant ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Puberty, Precocious ; etiology ; Subdural Effusion ; etiology

Objective To study the risk factors in patients with trauma accompanied by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Method The data of 107 patients with trauma in ICU,Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,were retrospectively studied.All patients were divided into 2 groups:MODS group and non-MODS group.The clinical and laboratory,results,ISS score,APACHEⅢscore and GCS score were studied.Results There were no differences on gender,age and mobility of shock between the two groups.There were significant differences on the treatment of shock,ISS score,APACHEⅢscore,CCS score,the levels of blood sugar and platelet between two groups.The Logistic regression analysis showed the main risk factors were treatment of shock,ISS score and APACHEⅢscore.Conclusions The risk factors in patients with trauma accompanied by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome were the treatment of shock, ISS score and APACHEⅢscore.

Objective To know the influence of gastrointestinal decontamination (including gastric lavage and activated charcoal treatment) on prognosis of asymptomatic presentation poisoning patients.Method six hundred and twenty seven asymptomatic presentation poisoning cases through January 1999 to December 2006 were reviewed retrospectively.Duration of ED stay and intubation requiring rate were compared between the intervention group and control group (patients treated only with supportive care),as well as complications associated with gastrointestinal decontamination intervention.Results Statistic analysis reveals no difference between the intervention group and the control group in rate of intubation (6.5 % vs 5.3 %,P=0.51) and emergency care unit admission (28.1% vs 26.6%,P=0.68).Meanwhile duration of ED stay is prolonged profoundly in prevention group [ (11.2?4.7) vs (8.9?5.0),P

Objective To detect the levels of transforming growth factor-?_1(TGF-?_1) in plasma,serum and urinary of children with Immunoglobulin A glomerulonephritis(IgAGN) and mesangial proliferate glomerulonephritis(MsPGN) and explore the different effects of TGF-?_1 in the two diseases.Methods The plasma,serum and urinary TGF-?_1 levels were measured in 24 children with IgAGN,and 30 children with MsPGN and 30 healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The TGF-?_1 levels in plasma,serum and urinary samples of IgAGN group were increased.The TGF-?_1 levels of IgAGN were significantly higher than those of MsPGN and heathy controls(P(0.05)).Conclusion It is showed that TGF-?_1 plays a diffenent role in IgAGN and MsPGN.

With an objective to provide an experimental basis for scientific officinal of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus, this research uses UPLC-TQ/MS method to analyze 7 different kinds of lignan in 70 batches of Schisandra sphenantherae Fructus samples from 9 regions. The results showed that in the area south of Qinling mountains, Schisandrae sphenantherae Fructus from Zhashui county and Shanyang county of Shangluo mainly contained schisantherin A and deoxyschizandrin. However, Schisandrae sphenantherae Fructus from Mei county of Baoji, Shiquan county and Ningshan county of Ankang, and Lueyang county of Hanzhong, mainly contained anwuligan. Samples from Ningshan county also consists relatively high level of deoxyschizandrin. In the central area of Qinling mountains and the Daba mountains, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus from Nanzheng county of Hanzhong mainly contained schisanhenol and deoxyschizandrin. In conclusion, the kinds and level of lignan differ significantly in Schisandrae sphenantherae Fructus produced in different regions. In practical application, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus produced in different regions should be distinguished and differently applied based on their main effective components corresponding to different diseases, which can lead to the best clinical use.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Lignans ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Schisandra ; chemistry

The objects of research on the resources chemistry of Chinese medicinal materials (RCCMM) are promotion of efficient production, rational utilization and improving quality of CMM and natural products. The development of TCM cause depends on the efficient utilization and sustainable development of CMM, hinges on the technologies and methods for using and discovering medicinal biological resources, stand or fall on the extension of industy chains, detailed utilizaion of resource chemical components by multi-way, multi-level. All of these may help to the recycling utilization and sound development of RCMM. In this article, five respects were discussed to the RCCMM researches and resources recycling utilization ways and goals and tasks. First, based on the principle of resource scarcity, discovering or replacing CMM resources, protecting the rare or endangered species or resources. Second, based on the multifunctionality of CMM, realizing the value-added and value compensation, and promoting the utilization efficiency through systermatic and detailed exploitation and utilization. Third, based on the resource conservation and environment-friendly, reducing raw material consumption, lowering cost, promoting recycling utilization and elevating utilization efficiency. Fourth, based on the stratege of turning harm into good, using the invasive alien biological resources by multi-ways and enriching the medicial resources. Fifth, based on the method of structure modification of chemical components, exploring and enhancing the utility value of resouces chemical substances. These data should provide references and attention for improving the utilization efficiency, promoting the development of recycling economy, and changing the mode of economic growth of agriculture and industry of CMM fundamentally.
Agriculture ; economics ; trends ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; economics ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; economics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; trends ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development

The industrialization chains and their products, which were formed from the process of the production of medicinal materials-prepared drug in pieces and deep processed product of Chinese material medica (CMM) resources, have generated large benefits of social and economic. However, The large of herb-medicine castoff of "non-medicinal parts" and "rejected materials" produced inevitably during the process of Chinese medicinal resources produce and process, and the residues, waste water and waste gas were produced during the manufactured and deep processed product of CMM. These lead to the waste of resources and environmental pollution. Our previous researches had proposed the "three utilization strategies" and "three types of resources models" of herb-medicine castoff according to the different physicochemical property of resources constitutes, resources potential and utility value of herb-medicine castoff. This article focus on the conversion efficiency of resources model and analysis the ways, technologies, practices, and application in herb-medicine cast off of the conversion efficiency of resources model based on the recycling economy theory of resources and thoughts of resources chemistry of CMM. These data may be promote and resolve the key problems limited the industrialization of Chinese material medica for long time and promote the realization of herb-medicine castoff resources utilization.
Biotransformation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; methods ; Drug Industry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Research Design