P2X receptors are ligand gated ion channels, extracellular ATP is their natural extracellular ligand. When any of the subtypes of P2X receptors and extracellular ATP are combined, P2X channel opens, allowing cations (calcium, sodium, potassium, etc. ) pass through. Enteric nervous system is composed of the gut myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus, in both of which P2X receptors exist, mediating different effects under physiological and pathological conditions. In this paper, the enteric nervous system,P2X receptor distribution and related functions are reviewed in order to further explore the P2X receptor in the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal diseases.

The ethics review for clinical trials pertaining to human body highly emphasizes human subjects protection.This study discussed how to balance the relationship between the rights,safety and health of the subjects and interests of the science and the community,how to review the damage compensation provisions and insurance provisions in the informed consent,how to scientifically define the human subject biomedical trials involving vulnerable groups,and how to conduct trials on vulnerable groups,as well as other sensitive issues in ethics review.

Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Osteitis ; pathology ; Rhinitis ; pathology ; Sinusitis ; pathology

This paper reports a case of recurrence of tonsillar cancer on the right 6 months after radiotherapy with pharyngeal hemorrhage for 4 days and aggravation in the next day. The pharyngeal hemorrhage was severe in the case and the maximum of single amount of bleeding was approximately 200 ml. The examination showed active bleeding on the ulcer with a diameter of 2 cm in the right tonsil and the depth of 1 cm. After repeated compression hemostasis proved to be invalid, selective embolization was applied on the patient and the symtoms of pharyngeal hemorrhage disappeared without complications. The patient was discharged after 2 weeks of observation without any recurrence of hemorrhage.
Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Hemorrhage ; etiology ; therapy ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Palatine Tonsil ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; etiology ; therapy ; Recurrence ; Tonsillar Neoplasms ; complications

Objective To investigate the change of serum C-reactive protein(CRP) levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI) and ACI with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS), and the relationship between serum CRP levels and incidence of MODS.Methods The serum CRP levels of 30 normal healthy people and 82 patients with ACI were detected by immune transmission turbidity method. The data from the patients with lacunar cerebral infarction(LCI), acute simple cerebral infarction(PACI) and ACI with MODS(ACI+MODS) were compared.Results The levels of serum CRP in patients with ACI significantly increased compared with the controls( P

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal gastrodin on skin cancer pain in mice.Methods Thirty-two female Balb/c mice,aged 8 weeks,weighing 20-25 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),skin cancer pain group (group SCP),gastrodin group (group G),and artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) control group (group ASCF).Skin cancer pain was produced by injecting phosphate buffer solution 20 μl containing about 2 ×105 4T1 breast cancer cells into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw.At 14th day after inoculation of cancer cells,ASCF 5 μl was injected intrathecally in S and ACSF groups,and gastrodin 150 μg/kg (5 μl) was injected intrathecally in group G.Before inoculation,at 30 min before intrathecal injection,and at 15,30,60,90,120 and 150 min after intrathecal injection,the thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) was measured.The expression of acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC)-3 mRNA in the spinal dorsal horn was detected using the real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction after the last measurement of the pain threshold.Results Compared with group S,the TWL was significantly decreased at each time point before and after intrathecal injection in SCP,ACSF and G groups,and the expression of ASIC-3 mRNA in the spinal dorsal horn was significantly down-regulated in group G (P＜0.05).Compared with group SCP,the TWL was significantly increased at each time point after intrathecal injection,and the expression of ASIC-3 mRNA in the spinal dorsal horn was significantly down-regulated in group G (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group ACSF (P＞0.05).Conclusion Intrathecal gastrodin can reduce skin cancer pain and down-regulate ASIC-3 expression in the spinal dorsal horn which is helpful in maintaining the analgesic effect in mice.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of sinivastatin and aspirin as well as blood pressure controlling therapy for carotid atherosclerosis in patients with hypertension. Methods: 162 patients with essential hypertension and carotid atherosclerosis were randomized into two groups. 82 cases In the treatment group, were treated with simvastatin and aspirin as well as antihypertensive drugs; while 80 cases in the control group were treated with antihypertensive drugs alone. Intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid arterial, carotid plaques score, blood pressure and the serum lipids were measured before and once a year after treatment for 3 years. Results: Mean IMT of carotid artery and carotid plaques score were (1.01 ± 0.12) mm and 3.8 ± 2.5 respectively in the treatment group 1 year a fter treatment, showed no difference from that before treatment. But they were (0.80 ± 0.16) mm, 2.6 ± 1.6 and (0.80 ± 0.20) mm, 2.5 ± 1.2 after 2 and 3 years respectively, which were reduced significantly compared with that of before treatment. The IMT and internal diameter ratio was also reduced significantly after treatment. Overall incidence of cardio-and cerebro-vascular events in the treatment group were 10.90% and 4.87% during the 3 years follow-up period, which were significantly lowered compared to the control group. Conclusion: Long-term simvastatin and aspirin therapy could effectively delay and reverse the progression of carotid arteriosclerosis in patients with hypertension and prevent cardio-and cerebro-vascular events when combined with antihypertensive drugs.

Objective To explore the clinical value of double collagenase injection in treating patients with lumbar disc herniation. Methods Thirty one patients with lumbar disc herniation to whom DCI had been applied were analyzed with 15 to 31 months follow-up. Results The therapeutic effects were excellent in 27, good in 3, fail in 1. The total effective rate was 96.7%.Conclusions DCI is a good method in treating lumbar disc herniation with high effectiveness, extensive indications, low complications and profitable clinical application prospectively.

Electroencephalography ; Epilepsies, Myoclonic ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Prognosis ; Spasms, Infantile ; diagnosis ; Time Factors

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Breast ; growth & development ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Massage ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Young Adult