Autopsy ; legislation & jurisprudence ; standards ; Cause of Death ; Dissent and Disputes ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Malpractice ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Medical Errors ; legislation & jurisprudence

Anal Canal ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

Angiomyolipoma ; pathology ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; virology ; Carcinosarcoma ; pathology ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; pathology ; virology ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis C ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; Pathology, Clinical ; trends

Cytomegalovirus Infections ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; etiology

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; virology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatocytes ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; DNA Repair ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Growth Protein 1 ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; pathology ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology

China ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; classification ; pathology ; World Health Organization

Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; abnormalities ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of fructopyrano-(1 → 4)-glucopyranose (FG) extracted from Radix Isatidis on the tumor growth and immune activity in tumor-bearing mice. METHODS: The antitumor activity of FG in vivo was observed by implanted H22 and S180 mouse models. The effect of FG on immune function in tumor-bearing mice was investigated by using phagocytosis test, T plymphocyte proliferation test, and Elisa for determining the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12. RESULTS: At dosages of 50, 100 and 200 mg · kg-1, the inhibition rates of FG were 23.60%, 36.76% and 49.26% for S180, 22.61%, 36.52%, and 46.95% for H22, respectively. FG increased the spleen index and chest gland index, improved the phagocytosis function of the macrophage and enhance the T lymphocytes proliferation, and increased the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12. CONCLUSION: FG exhibits significant anti-tumor effect in vivo and the mechanism may be related to enhancing immune function. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.