OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for definition and research & development of new drugs in China.METHODS:The history of the definition for new drugs was reviewed,and the effects of the definition of new drugs on the research and development of drugs were discussed by using the game theory "Tragedy of the Commons" and "Anti-Tragedy of the Commons".RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The definition of new drugs should be more and more scientific and reasonable and in line with the aim of building new creative country,meanwhile,efforts should be paid to avoid the above mentioned two kinds of tragedies.

OBJECTIVE:To study the preventive effects of arhinhor-11 on acute alcoholism in mice. METHODS:48 mice were randomly divided into model group (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose),arhinhor-11 low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups [1.23,2.46,4.92 g(crude drug)/kg],with 12 mice in each group. Each group was given relevant medicine intragastrically, and 30 min later given 56% liquor intragastrically to induce acute alcoholism model. The disappearance time and recovery time of righting reflex were determined. 160 mice were grouped,given medicine and modeled with the same method,with 40 mice in each group. The alcohol concentration and alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)activity in liver of 10 mice were determined 0.5,1,2,3 h af-ter giving alcohol. Other 10 mice were included in normal control (ig administration of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose). RE-SULTS:Compared with model group,the disappearance time of righting reflex were prolonged while recovery time shortened in arhinhor-11 groups,and alcohol concentration and ADH activity increased 0.5,1,2,3 h after giving alcohol (P<0.05 or P<0.01),especially 1 h after giving alcohol. 3 h after giving alcohol,alcohol concentration in blood of arhinhor-11 high-dose group decreased while ADH activity increased (P<0.05);there was no statistical significance among other arhinhor-11 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Arhinhor-11 has preventive effect on acute alcoholism in mice. It has a positive control effects on the alco-hol concentration in blood and ADH activity in liver.

Because of immature gastrointestinal tract development and the influence of postnatal disease status,extremely low birth weight infant feeding has become a majoy problem. Early positive parenteral feeding and proper enteral feeding are very helpful to the growth and development of extremely low birth weight infant.

AIM:To explore the effect of comprehensive therapy in the treatment of fungal corneal ulcer and clinical outcome.
METHODS:A total of 159 cases 159 eyes fungal corneal ulcer patients took comprehensive therapy of 10 measures, followed up more than 3mo to observe the treatment effect and the final visual acuity in our hospital for treatment.
RESULTS: The average hospitalization time of fungal corneal ulcer was(12. 11±5. 13) d. A total of 148 cases of 148 eyes were cured, and the cure rate was 93. 1%;improvement in 8 cases, accounted for 5. 0%; 3 cases were ineffective, accounted for 1. 9%. The final visual acuity of 89 eyes ≥0. 3, accounted for 56. 0%(89/159). The final visual acuity of 136 eyes ≥0. 1, accounting for 85. 5%(136/159), and accounting for 91. 9% in 148 cured patients.
CONCLUSION: The comprehensive therapy in the treatment of fungal corneal ulcer has higher cure rate and visual acuity.

BACKGROUND: Rhabdomyolysis may cause severe damage to the human body because of acute renal failure, fatal heart rhythm disturbances, hypovolemic shock, disturbances of electrolyte balance, metabolic acidosis, hyperthermia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, etc. Drugs and toxins are the most common factors for the disease. This article aimed to review the prognosis of rhabdomyolysis. DATA SOURCES: Based on the reported studies of cell and molecular biology, we reviewed the clinical presentations, laboratory findings, and mechanisms of rhabdomyolysis in the Pubmed. RESULTS: The clinical symptoms of rhabdomyolysis were dependent on the severity of the condition and whether kidney failure develops. Since the necrosis and dissolution of muscle cells, entocytes such as myoglobin, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), electrolytes, proteins and non-protein substances were released into the plasma, the detection of the entocytes may contribute to the early diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. CONCLUSION: Despite the etiology of the disease is multifactorial, the potential causes of rhabdomyolysis share the same pathophysiological pathway involving an increase in intracel ular calcium.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of cerebroprotein hydrolysate on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Methods105 diabetic patients were randomly divided into the treatment group (34 cases, treated with intravenous injection of cerebroprotein hydrolysate), standard control group (38 cases, treated with intramuscular injection of Metrycobal combined with intravenous injection of Actovegin) and blank control group (33 cases, treated with oral vitamin B1, B6, B12). Curative effects of three groups were evaluated.ResultsIt was shown that intravenous injection of cerebropotein hydrolysate could improve patients' symptoms, raised speed of nerve conduction and its curative effect was as same as intramuscular injection of Metrycobal combined with intravenous injection of Actovegin.ConclusionIntravenous injection of cerebropotein hydrolysate has a curation effect on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Objective To evaluate the late complications of continent ileocolic reservoir with an unaltered in situ appendix conduit and the management. Methods Thirty patients with bladder cancer who had undergone the surgery of continent ileocolic diversion with an unaltered in situ appendix conduit were followed up for 108 to 126 months (mean 118 months).The long-term post-operative complications were documented. Results The complications occurred as follows:urinary pouch superdistention in 5 cases,calculus formation in the urinary pouch in 6,difficulty with catheterization in 4,uerteral obstruction in 3,hemorrhage of the pouch in 1 and mild hyperchloremic acidosis in 1.These complications were managed accordingly and good results achieved. Conclusions Although continent ileocolic diversion with an unaltered in situ appendix conduit has a long-term efficacy,the complications occur frequently.The procedure needs further improvement.

Objective To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic methods for hemangioma in different parts of the urinary system. Methods Twenty patients with urinary hemangiomas were enrolled in this study.Of them 5 cases had hemangiomas in the kidney,2 in the ureter,10 in the bladder and 4 in urethra.Three cases (15%) had multiple hemangiomas in different parts of the body,of whom 1 case had hemangiomas concomitantly in the bladder and urethra,1 case in the bladder and neck,and 1 case in the urethra and perineum.Modalities of diagnosis before operation included B ultrasound,CT,IVU,endoscopy,et al.Surgical operations were the major treatment(95%),and only 1 patient with urethral hemangioma underwent lasar therapy. Results The pre-operation confirmed diagnosis was 0、1、9 and 4 cases for hemangiomas in kidney,ureter,bladder and urethra,respectively.For pathologic classification 13 cases were of cavernous hemangiomas,6 of capillary and 1 of racemose.With follow-up of 9 months to 16 years,recurrent bladder hemangioma was found in one patient. Conclusions The diagnoses of urinary hemangiomas mainly rely on endoscopy,but for the diagnosis of parenchyma or surface hemangioma of kidney conventional imaging examination is essential.Surgical operations were the major treatment for urinary hemangiomas,but different modalities of treatment are needed for different sites and nature of hemangiomas.

Objective To evaluate male bulbourethral sling procedure for the treatment of post prostatectomy urinary incontinence. Methods 7 male patients with severe post prostatectomy incontinence underwent the male bulbourethral sling procedure,the patients being completely incontinent before treatment. Results The patients have been followed up for 14～26 months with a mean of 20.Ideal continence has been achieved in 6 and significantly improved in 1. Conclusions Bulbourethral sling procedure is effective for post radical prostatectomy and intrinsic sphincter deficiency urinary incontinence.