Toxicant metabolism and toxicokinetics are an integrated part of toxicology. They study the absorption,targeted distribution,metabolic detoxicification or bioactivation,excretion and elimination of toxic substances after the body′s exposure via different routes,and also evaluate the effects of various factors on the disposition of poisons. The results of the studies provide essential data on the relation?ships between exposure kinetics and toxicological effect and their mechanisms. They also help to find possible targets of intoxication or detoxicification pathways,which can lead to efficient countermea?sures. In this review,the author summarized the thirty years of progress and features of the research on toxicant metabolism and toxicokinetics in China.

The lack of pulmonary surfactant(PS) and the immature of lung structure can cause neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS).Pulmonary surfactant,noninvasive ventilation,such as nasal continuous positive airway pressure(nCPAP) and the InSurE technique(intubation-surfactant-extubation) are the important methods for the management of NRDS.In this paper,the application and the research progress of the three strategies for NRDS,especially the clinical advantages and progress of InSurE technique,are summarized as follows.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the serum uric acid (SUA) level with the coronary heart disease (CHD) occurrence and severity ,and the differences among different sexes and ages of population .Methods The research subjects were divided into the CHD group(396 cases) and non‐CHD group(792 cases) according to the coronary angiography results .The patients were sub‐divided into the group 1―4 by quartile according to the SUA level .The difference of CHD incidence rate among various groups was analyzed ;the lesion vessel number was used to reflect the CHD severity ,the relation between the SUA level with the lesion severity was analyzed ;the Logistic regression analysis was adopted to analyze the risk of SUA level on CHD . Results (1)The SUA level in the CHD group was higher than that in the non‐CHD group .After sex stratification analysis ,only the difference of female group existed ;the age stratification revealed that the SUA level in the CHD group among 30-70 years old population was significantly higher than that in the non‐CHD group ;(2)in overall females and population aged 30-70 years old ,the prevalence of CHD in the fourth group with highest SUA level was significantly higher than that in other groups .Stratified analysis showed the same effects in the total subjects ,females and subjects of 30 -70 years old population ;(3)the SUA level in the total subjects ,female and 30-70 years old population was positively correlated with the coronary artery lesion vessel number ;(4) the Logistic regression analysis showed that the SUA level in the total subjects ,female and 30 -70 years old population was the risk factor of CHD .Conclusion The SUA level is associated with the CHD incidence rate ,and has a positive correlation with the lesion severity of CHD 30-70 years old populations ,SUA has greater predictive value for CHD and its severity in females and popula‐tions aged 30-70 years old .

Objective] To observe the six taste of Yuping wind powder combined with eye wash method in the treatment of al ergic conjunctivitis AC and the clinical curative effect. [Methods] From 2008 January to 2014 June in our hospital, diagnosed with al ergic conjunctivitis in 60 patients(120 eyes), were randomly divided into three groups of 20 cases(40 eyes), had the local application of 2% Sodium Cromoglicate Eye Drops three times a day, treatment group with six kinds of Yuping Feng powder taken oral y combined with traditional Chinese medicine topical eye wash method, the control group 1 of six kinds of Yuping Feng powder taken oral y, two times a day, the control group 2 only topical eye, were treated and fol owed up for 4~6 weeks, the clinical efficacy of the three groups were compared, also the use of statistical methods for the two sets of data analysis and comparison. [Results] The treatment group and the 2 control groups total efficiency compared had a significant difference( P<0.01); the treatment group and the control group 1 of total efficiency had significant difference(P<0.05). [Conclusion] The six taste of Yuping Feng powder combined with traditional Chinese medicine eye wash method must be effective in treatment of al ergic conjunctivitis, worthy of promotion.

After corneal refractive surgery,patients need to use glucocorticoids for a long time to control the wound healing,However,it can cause elevated intraocular pressure,even glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma,therefore properly evaluating patients' postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) to avoid missing diagnosis of glucocorticoidinduced glaucoma and timely find glaucoma patients after corneal refractive surgery has an important clinical significance.The central corneal thickness (CCT),corneal curvature (CC),ablation depth,preoperative IOP and corneal biomechanics are responsible for IOP changes after corneal refractive surgery.To obtain accurate IOP value after corneal refractive surgery,this article reviewed the IOP measurements and their influential factors after surface,lamellar and all-in-one femtosecond laser refractive surgery.

After getting rid of toxins, the reproductive gland of Asterias rollestoni was cooked,then blended with standard fodder in high or low ratio to make additived fodder. On the 20 th day from feeding with the fodder,the mice were provided with Tabellae Thiamazoli to create Yang Deficiency models. The results suggested that the fodder was safe without toxic and side effects. It contributed to improving physical strength,increasing SOD-content in RBC and lowering MDA in brain tissue. Pathological analysis showed that the phenomenon of muscular atrophy was markedly lighter in model mice than in the control.

Objective To study the correlation of serum cardiac troponin levels and cardiovascular events in elderly type 2 diabetes patients,and provide the basis for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Totally 200 elderly type 2 diabetes patients were selected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,and divided into cardiac troponin-positive and negative groups according to serum cardiac troponin levels.The incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality was compared between the two groups.Results The levels of fructosamine and hemoglobin in cardiac troponin-positive group were significantly lower than those of cardiac troponin-negative group (P＜0.05).The C-reactive protein levels were increased in cardiac troponin-positive versus negative group (P ＜0.05).The incidences of cardiovascular events and mortality in cardiac troponin-positive group showed higher than those of cardiac troponin-negative group[63.3％ (19/30)vs.4.1 ％ (7/170),26.7％ (8/30) vs.1.2％ (2/170),x2 =73.45,28.44,all P＜0.05].Conclusion Lower levels of serum fructosamine and hemoglobin,higher C-reactive protein level exist in diabetes patients with high cardiac troponin levels.The serum cardiac troponin level has a certain relationship with cardiovascular events in diabetes patients.

Background Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab is a primary approach to the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD),but whether it is necessary for wAMD with subfoveal scarring and active lesion to receive the intravitreal injection of ranibizumab is in dispute.Objective This study was to evaluate the possible therapeutic effect of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab on wAMD with subfoveal scarring and active lesion.Methods The clinical data of the patients with wAMD with subfoveal scarring and active lesion were retrospectively analyzed,including 89 eyes of 89 cases who received diagnoses and treatments in Second Hospital of Yunnan Province from February 2013 to May 2015.Sixty-eight patients who received intravitreal injections of ranibizumab were treated group,and 21 patients who received clinical observations only served as the untreated group.Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab was carried out following the 3+prn principle,and all of the patients were followed-up for 6-24 months.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the patients were examined with ETDRS chart.The fundus findings was examined by fundus color photography and fundus fluoresceinangiography (FFA).The subjective assessment of visual improvements was obtained from each patient,and the recession of retinal active lesions was assessed by OCT,including the absorbing state of subretinal fluid,the change of central retinal thickness (CRT) and subfoveal scarring.Results The mean injection times were (4.1 ± 1.2) for each eye.The BCVA at the end of following-up was evidently improved in both groups,and no significant difference was found among various time points (P＞0.05).However,the patient rate of BCVA improvement was 69.12％ in the treated group,which was signnificantly higher than 28.58％ of the untreated group (P =0.016).In the treated group,subretinal fluid was gradually absorbed in all eyes in the treating duration,however,in the untreated group,the fluid was completely absorbed in 7 eyes,unchanged in 8 eyes and increased in 6 eyes.The CRT reduced by (220.16±34.76) μm in treated group,and that in the untreated group was (101.56±31.59) μm,showing significant difference between them (P =0.004).The patient rate of perceived improvement of vision was 91.12％ and 42.85％ in the treated group and untreated group respectively,with significant difference between the two groups (P=0.008).Conclusions Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab can make active lesion recess in end-stage wAMD with subfoveal scarring and active lesion and improve the life quality of the patients.

Objective To investigate the optimal therapeutic strategy of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). Methods The effect of treatment of non operation, endoscopy and operation on cure rate, complication rate and course of the disease in SAP were retrospectively analysed. Results Non operative, endoscopic and operative treatment included 33, 8 and 19 cases respectively.Cure rate, complication rate and course of the disease in non operation group were 85.7%(24/28), 16.7%(4/24), (25?8)days respectively;in endoscope group were 100%(8/8), 12.5%(1/8), (19?4)day respectively;in operation group were 68.4%(13/19), 38.5%(5/13), (57?14)day respectively. Conclusions According to the difference of pathogeny and severity,the treatment should be taken individually.In acute reaction phase of SAP should be treated with non operation,if there isn't existence of promoting facters.For gallstone SAP, endoscopy or operation is the first choice of treatment.If patients can not be cured by non operation or endoscopy,operaton should be performed.

Objective To study the information absorbency of Chinese Journal of Radiation Oncology and it's half-citing life, find out the core journals and characteristics of literature requested by scientists, and analyze the trend of Radiation Oncology research. Methods The citation analysis is used to analyze the references cited in 475 articles in Chinese Journal of Radiation Oncology from 2001-2004. Results Citation rate is 70.5%,and there are 8.6 citations per article. Main types of citations are journals(91.7%) and books(7.8%). The Price Index is 41.6%,and the self-citation rate is 6.2%. The percent of citations from the high-ranked 20 journals are 57.0%. Conclusions The articles in Chinese Journal of Radiation Oncology concern most journals in the medicine,the most citations are from the English journals. The half-citing life becomes longer than research in 2003. It shows that the use of newly-published articles should be improved.