Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Activity ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

One influenza H3N2 virus, A/swine/Shandong/3/2005 (Sw/SD/3/2005), was isolated from pigs with respiratory disease on a farm in eastern China. Genetic analysis revealed that Sw/SD/3/2005 was a triple-reassortant virus with a PB2 gene from human-like HIN1, NS from classical swine H1NI, and the remaining genes from human-like H3N2 virus. These findings further support the concept that swine can serve as reservoir or mixing vessels of influenza virus strains and maintain genetic and antigenic stability of viruses. Furthermore, we have successfully established a reverse genetics system based on eight plasmids and rescued Sw/SD/3/2005 through cell transfection. HI tests and RT-PCR confirmed that the rescued virus maintained the biological properties of the wild type Sw/SD/3/2005. The successful establishment of the reverse genetics system of Sw/SD/3/2005 will enable us to conduct extensive studies of the molecular evolution of H3N2 influenza viruses in swine.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of MRCP before LC.Methods 944 cases with chronic calculous cholecystitis underwent MRCP before LC from June 2004 to June 2007 in our department.incidence rate of cholecvstolithiasis together with common bile duct stones and incidence rate of anatomic abnormity of bile duct were collected.Results The incidence rate of cholecvstolithiasis together with common bile duct stones were 8.1%(77/944),and the oecurence ofACBDS were 1.2%(11/944).The incidence rate of anatomic abnormity of bile duct were 3.7%(35/944).ConclusionMRCP can not only offer a excellent diagnostic value of ACBDS and anatomic abnormity of bile duct,but also reduce the occurrence of CBDS remainder and iatrogenic bile duct iniuries.

Objective To investigate the effects of the microbubbles combined with different mechanical index ultrasound irradiation on ultrastmcture and migration of colon cancer cells.Methods The experimental study was conducted.Colon cancer cells inn vitro (Lovo ceils) were cultured and divided into 4 groups,ceils in the A group were not treated and cells in the B,C and D groups were treated by microbubbles combined with different mechanical index ultrasound irradiation (mechanical index were 0.20,0.80 and 1.45).The changes of ultrastructure and migration of cells were observed using laser scanning confocal microscope and MilliceIl-PCF cell culturechamber method,respectively.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)±s.Comparisons among groups were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA.Pairwise comparisons were done by the t test.Results (1)Effects of the microbubbles combined with different mechanical index ultrasound irradiation on ultrastructure of Lovo cells:Lovo cells in the A group showed big nucleus,less plasma,regular arrangement,jagged-like or more irregular varicosity surrounding nucleus,twisted euchmmatin,expansion of nucleus cisternal space,homogeneous distribution and normal development of granular soil and clear mitochondrial ridge-like structures.Lovo cells in the B group showed big nucleus with regular arrangement,obvious nucleolus margination,endoplasmic reticulum dilatation,normal development of mitochondrion and clear mitochondrial ridge-like structures.Lovo cells in the C group showed broadening nucleus space,abnormal nucleus with karyopycnosis,chromatin condensation,a few remaining or obvious dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum,typically consisting of different fragments or bubbles,cytoplasmic vacuoles changes and decreasing mitochondrial ridge-like structures.Lovo cells in the D group showed big and irregular nucleus,nucleolus margination,obvious endoplasmic reticulum dilatation,fewer mitochondrion with extended cell area and swelling shape,rare mitochondrial ridge-like structures with disordered or broken arrangement,even disappearing.(2) Effects of the microbubbles combined with different mechanical index ultrasound irradiation on migration of Lovo cells:Millicell-PCF cell culture chamber method showed that number of migration of Lovo cells were respectively 63±7,61±4,21±3 and 19±5 in the A,B,C and D groups,with a statistically significant difference (F=55.040,P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant difference in migration of Lovo cells between group A and B (t =1.571,P＞0.05) and between group C and D (t =2.013,P＞0.05).There were statistically significant differences in migration of Lovo cells between group A and C or D (t=7.861,10.652,P＜0.05) and between group B and group C or D (t=7.161,10.453,P＜0.05).Conclusion Microbubbles combined with high mechanical index ultrasound irradiation can make the ultrastructural alterations in the cancer cells,resulting in tumor cell degeneration and death,ultimately inhibit tumor cell migration and metastasis.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience of urethral reconstruction using circular fasciocutaneous flap for the treatment of complex anterior urethral strictures.

METHODThe circular fasciocutaneous flap was harvested from the distal penile shaft or foreskin. Then the circular configuration was converted into longitudinal strip of skin which was rotated to ventral side to repair the exposured urethral strictures using the ventral onlay method. The surveillance protocol after urethroplasty was urination observation, regularly uroflowmetry and urethrography examination.

RESULTSFrom Nov. 2006 to Oct. 2012, 15 cases were treated. The mean age was 45 years (20-76 years) and mean follow-up period was 18 months(3 months-3 years). Stricture was caused by chronic urethritis in 4 cases, long-term urethral catheterization in 3 cases, transurethral perfusion chem other aphy in 3 cases, transurethral prostatectomy in 3 cases and hypospadias after surgery in 2 patients. The mean stricture length was 7.0 cm (3.5-12.0 cm). The overall success rate was 80.0% (12/15). Recurrence stenosis was noted in 2 cases and diverticulum formation in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONSThe penile circular fasciocutaneous flap can be used for anterior urethral stricture in nearly any length. The flap has the characteristics of hairless, adequate mobile and length, well-vascularized pedicle and easy to harvest. The onlay reconstruction provides excellent cosmetic results, less trauma, higher success rate. Therefore it should be one of the preferred techniques for complex anterior urethral stricture repair.

Follow-Up Studies ; Foreskin ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; surgery ; Male ; Penis ; surgery ; Prostatectomy ; adverse effects ; Recurrence ; Surgical Flaps ; transplantation ; Urethra ; surgery ; Urethral Stricture ; etiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male ; Wound Healing

Data quality management system is essential to ensure accurate, complete, consistent, and reliable data collection in clinical research. This paper is devoted to various choices of data quality metrics. They are categorized by study status, e.g. study start up, conduct, and close-out. In each category, metrics for different purposes are listed according to ALCOA+ principles such us completeness, accuracy, timeliness, traceability, etc. Some general quality metrics frequently used are also introduced. This paper contains detail information as much as possible to each metric by providing definition, purpose, evaluation, referenced benchmark, and recommended targets in favor of real practice. It is important that sponsors and data management service providers establish a robust integrated clinical trial data quality management system to ensure sustainable high quality of clinical trial deliverables. It will also support enterprise level of data evaluation and bench marking the quality of data across projects, sponsors, data management service providers by using objective metrics from the real clinical trials. We hope this will be a significant input to accelerate the improvement of clinical trial data quality in the industry.
Benchmarking ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Data Collection ; standards ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; standards ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the long-time effect on allitridum and selenium in preventing cancer of digestive system.

METHODSPersons who were recruited into the intervention group and took allitridum and selenium to prevent gastric cancer in Qixia county of China from 1989-1991 were followed up to 2001 and data of deaths was collected. The long effect on allitridum and selenium in preventing cancer of digestive system was analysed.

RESULTSData were compared to placebo group five years (1992-1996) after the termination of intervention to have found that the accumulative mortality rate of all cancer, digestive system cancer and gastric cancer had decreased 45.5%, 41.2% and 63.3% in the intervention group respectively. By stratum analysis, accumulative mortality rate of all cancer, digestive system cancer and gastric cancer had decreased 51.5%, 51.5% and 67.7% in males of the intervention group, respectively. Relative risks for males in the intervention group were 0.48, 0.47 and 0.30 times more than the placebo group, respectively. All of them were statistically significant. Relative risks for females in the intervention group were 0.74, 0.92 and 0.70 times more than placebo group. Six to ten years later after the termination of intervention, the accumulative mortality rate and relative risk of all cancers in two groups became similar.

CONCLUSIONAllitridum and selenium had the effect of decreasing the incidence risk of digestive cancer with a protective rate more than 50% for five years after the termination of intervention program.

Adult ; Aged ; Allyl Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Antioxidants ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Selenium ; therapeutic use ; Stomach Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; Sulfides ; therapeutic use

The incompatibility of traditional Chinese medicines is related to the clinical medication safety, so has attracted wide attentions from the public. With the deepening of studies on the incompatibility of traditional Chinese medicines represented by 18 incompatible herbs, the incompatibility of theory traditional Chinese medicines has raised to new heights. From the origin of incompatibility theory of traditional Chinese medicines, relationship of herbs, harms of incompatible herbs and principle of prevention to toxic effects of specific incompatible medicines, the innovation and development of the traditional Chinese medicine incompatibility theory was explored. Structurally, the incompatibility of traditional Chinese medicines refers to the opposition of two herbs based on seven emotions and clinical experience. The combination of incompatible herbs may lead to human harms, especially latent harm and inefficacy of intervention medicines. The avoidance of the combination of incompatible herbs and the consideration of both symptoms and drug efficacy are the basic method to prevent adverse reactions. The recent studies have revealed five characteristics of incompatible herbs. Toxicity potentiation, toxication, efficacy reduction and inefficacy are the four manifestations of the incompatible relations. The material changes can reflect the effects of toxicity potentiation and toxication of opposite herbs. The accumulation of toxicity and metabolic changes are the basis for latent harms. The antagonistic effect of main efficacies and the coexistence of positive and negative effects are the distinctive part of the incompatibility. The connotation of incompatible herbs plays an important role in the innovation of the traditional Chinese medicine incompatibility theory.
Drug Incompatibility ; Drug Therapy ; history ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; pharmacology ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To strengthen the management of clinical trials' contracts and funds and improve the standardization of clinical trials.Methods Based on the analysis of the common problems in the management of clinical trials' contracts and funds,putting forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.Results Managing clinical trials' contracts and funds scientifically could protect the rights and interests of subjects and research institutions.Conclusions Strengthening the management of clinical trials' contracts and funds could improve the management of institutions and the quality of clinical trials.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index(aCCI)and the risk of in-hospital death for people aged ≥ 90 years with community-acquired pneumonia(CAP), and to construct a novel scoring model for predicting in-hospital mortality.Methods:Basic personal and medical data about sex, age, hospitalization days, hospitalization expenses, in-hospital outcomes and discharge/admitting diagnosis of CAP patients aged ≥ 90 years hospitalized in Peking University Third Hospital between 2010 and 2019 were collected retrospectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between aCCI or other complications and in-hospital death.The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was used to assess the value of aCCI and a new scoring model in predicting in-hospital death of CAP in people aged ≥ 90 years.Results:A total of 274 CAP patients aged ≥ 90 years were included in this study, of whom 85 died in hospital.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that malnutrition( OR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.05-4.67, P<0.05), respiratory failure( OR=18.91, 95% CI: 9.34-38.25, P<0.001)and aCCI( OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.23-1.85, P<0.001)were prognostic factors for in-hospital death in CAP patients aged ≥ 90 years.Based on the above results, a novel scoring model, MRC(malnutrition, respiratory failure, aCCI)was established.The area under the ROC curve of the aCCI score for predicting the risk of in-hospital death in CAP patients aged ≥ 90 years was 0.743(95% CI: 0.684-0.802). The area under the ROC curve of the MRC score was 0.891(95% CI: 0.848-0.933), indicating a higher predictive value than that of the aCCI score alone( Z=6.337, P<0.001). Conclusions:The MRC score model can be used to evaluate and predict the risk of in-hospital death in long-living CAP patients.