Some specific markers are useful of separating and identifying gastric cancer stem cells.They are including gastric stem cells,general tumor stem cells and mesenchymal tissue stem cells.At present,more and more new biomarkers are discovered besides familiar CD133 and CD44.Combined detection helps to separate pure gastric cancer stem cells and promote the therapy of gastric cancer.

Two lipase active fractions Lip1 and Lip2 were purified from the cell extract of Rhizopus chinensis CCTCCM201021.Both gave a single band on SDS-PAGE after using ammonium sulfate precipitation、Phenyl-Sepharose FF、DEAE-Sepharose FF and Sephadex G100 gel filtration chromatographies.The molecular masses of two lipases were 59.2kD and 39.4kD respectively.Lip1 and Lip2 showed optimal pH at 8.0 and 8.5 and their optimal temperatures were 40℃ and 35℃ respectively.The substrate specificity of the two lipases was obviously different.Lip1 was more specific to long chain fatty acid of p-nitrophenyl esters while Lip2 had a preference for the hydrolysis of short chain fatty acid of p-nitrophenyl esters.Lip1 had 1,3-position specificity for triacylglycerols hydrolysis while Lip2 had nonspecific position.Both lipases were stimulated by Ca 2+、Mg 2+ while SDS had strong inhibition on their activities.Lip1 and Lip2 had good stability in cyclohexane、hexane、heptane and isooctane(30% V/V).

Anastomosis, Surgical ; adverse effects ; Brachiocephalic Trunk ; pathology ; Hemorrhage ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Larynx ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Trachea ; surgery ; Tracheal Stenosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Tracheotomy ; adverse effects

China ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; therapy ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Language ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Terminology as Topic ; Translations

Objective To investigate the present situations of anticoagulant treatment of non-valvular atri-al fibrillation in order to get better guidance of the clinical anticoagulant therapy and reduce the incidence of stroke caused by atrial fibrillation. Methods The clinical data of NVAF patients hospitalized in the first affili-ated hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 1 , 2012 to December 31 , 2014 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed in terms of basic characteristics , medical treatment plan and INR monitoring. Results A total of 1,390 patients were enrolled, 85.97% of whom needed anticoagulant therapy and 25.18% of whom were treated with anticoagulants. For 15.71% of the NVAF patients treated with warfarin , INR met the standard during hospitalization. In the study, such factors as age, coronary heart disease, history of stroke and history of bleed-ing might affect prescription of anticoagulant drugs. Conclusion Most NVAF patients need anticoagulant thera-py, but the rate of anticoagulant therapy is lower than we expected. Among those patients treated with warfarin during hospitalization , the rate of INR meeting the standard is at a lower level. The novel oral anticoagulants are not in wide use in the clinical practice.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most common non-Hodgkin lymphomaaccounting for 30 %-40 %. The most common first-line therapy for DLBCL is rituximab in combination withchemotherapy. About two thirds of patients treated by the first-line therapy achieve a complete remission (CR)and are cured finally, but nearly one third of patients can not reach CR after frontline treatment appearingrefractory or relapse early, especially for the high risk patients or cases with MYC alterations, the regimenimproving the long-term survival is not much. In the 57th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annualmeeting, a plenty of treatment as focus on these patients brought in encouraging results, which makes itpossible to further improve the CR rate. The progresses on DLBCL of relapse and refractory, high risk andspecial types were summarized in this paper based on the reports in the 57th ASH annual meeting.

Objective To examine the short-and middle-term efficacy and refracture rate in patients with thoracolumbar fracture having percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) and determine their correlation with the severity of osteoporosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 247 patients with thoracolumbar fracture undergone PKP from January 2008 to February 2014.Mean age of the patients (94 males and 153 females) was 63.2 years (range,50-81 years).Ground-level falls occurred in 119 patients,traffic injuries in 72 patients and high falls in 56 patients.The patients were assigned to osteopenia group and osteoporosis group based on the preoperative bone mineral density.Visual analogue score (VAS),Roland-Morris disability survey scale (RDQ),vertebral compression rate,kyphotic Cobb angle and refracture rate were recorded before and after operation.Efficacy in correlation with the severity of osteoporosis was evaluated.Results Mean duration of follow-up was 24.3 months (range,18-36 months).Three days after operation,VAS descended from (7.7 ± 2.1) points to (4.3 ± 1.1) points in osteopenia group and from (7.7 ± 2.0) points to (4.2 ± 1.5) points in osteoporosis group (P ＜ 0.05);RDQ descended from (21.2 ± 1.5) points to (10.4 ± 2.5) points in osteopenia group and from (20.8 ± 1.9) points to (11.2 ± 1.7) points in osteoporosis group (P ＜ 0.05);rate of vertebral body compression descended from (42.2 ± 10.5) ％ to (3.2 ± 0.5) ％ in osteopenia group and from (46.2 ± 12.7) ％ to (2.9 ± 0.8) ％ in osteoporosis group (P ＜ 0.05);kyphotic Cobb angle descended from (21.2 ± 9.5) ° to (7.2 ±2.4) °in osteopenia group and from (23.1 ± 8.9) ° to (7.1 ± 2.6) ° in osteoporosis group (P ＜ 0.05).Three years after operation,all the parameters remained better than these before operation,with the value higher in osteoporosis group than in osteopenia group (P ＜ 0.05).Rate of refracture was higher in osteoporosis group after operation,compared to that in osteopenia group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The clinical short-term result is satisfactory,but refracture rate is increased with the osteoporosis aggravation.Targeting osteoporosis therapy is important to obtain a better mid-term results.

Objective To investigate the present situation of anticoagulant therapy on the elderly non valvular atrial fibrilla‐tion (NVAF) hospitalized patients with thromboembolic complications [ischemic stroke ,transient ischemic(TIA)] .Methods A to‐tal of 255 hospital patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2012 to 2014 were recorded by retrospective case analysis .The basic characteristics ,the risk factors of AF ,the medical treatment plan and INR monitoring were analyzed respectively with SPSS20 .0 statistical software .Results A total of 255 patients were enrolled ,66 cases (25 .88% ) were treated with anticoagulation ,and 157 cases (61 .57% ) were treated by antiplatelet drugs .In patients who were taken anticoagulant drugs ,the rate of INR was 15 .15% .Conclusion In the elderly nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients with thromboembolic compli‐cations ,the rate of anticoagulant therapy is lower than expected .More than half patients were treated by antiplatelet drugs .The pa‐tient who were treated anticoagulation therpy had a low rate of INR standard rate .

Objective To determine the expression of miRNA211 (miR-211) in the development of malignant melanoma,and to investigate the correlation between miR-211 and its target molecule,matrix metalloproteinase 16 (MMP-16).Methods Cultured A375 melanoma cells were divided into 3 groups:miR-211 overexpression group and mock-vehicle group transfected with miR-211 mimics and empty vehicle respectively,and negative control group receiving no treatment.TaqMan fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was performed to determine the expression of miR-211 in HER1 primary melanocytes,A375,C32 and G361malignant melanoma cell lines,as well as in nevus tissues (n =18) and melanoma tissues (n =41),and to evaluate changes of MMP-16 mRNA expression in A375 cells before and after the overexpression of miR-211.Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and flow cytometry were conducted to evaluate cellular proliferative activity and determine cell cycle distribution respectively,and methylcellulose assay and Transwell assay to evaluate colony formation and cell migration abilities respectively.The size of selected colonies was used to represent colony formation ability,while the ratio of the number of migrating cells to that of non-migrating cells to represent cell migration ability.Results There were significant differences in the expression level of miR-211 among the G361,C32 and A375 cells (0.09 ± 0.02 vs.0.000 52 ± 0.000 20 vs.0.000 03 ± 0.000 01,F =10 410,P ＜ 0.01).The expression of miR-21 1 was significantly decreased in melanoma tissues compared with nevus tissues (0.17 ± 0.03 vs.0.87 ± 0.08,t =9.118,P ＜ 0.01).No significant differences were observed in cellular proliferative activity or cell cycle distribution among the miR-211 overexpression group,mock-vehicle group and negative control group.Compared with the mock-vehicle group,the miR-211 overexpression group showed significantly suppressed colony formation (0.49 ± 0.05 vs.0.85 ± 0.09,t =2.19,P ＜ 0.05) and cell migration (0.49 ± 0.06 vs.0.82 ± 0.09,t =3.15,P ＜ 0.05) abilities,while no significant difference was observed between the mock-vehicle group and negative control group.Additionally,the mRNA expression of MMP-16 significantly decreased in the miR-211 overexpression group compared with the mock-vehicle group after transfeetion (24 hours:0.33 ± 0.02 vs.0.91 ± 0.03,t =11.30,P ＜ 0.01;48 hours:0.52 ± 0.01 vs.0.96 ± 0.02,t =5.02,P ＜ 0.05;72 hours:0.71 ± 0.01 vs.0.97 ± 0.03,t =3.85,P ＜ 0.05),with no significant difference between the mock-vehicle group and negative control group at the above time points.Conclusions miR-211 was lowly expressed in both malignant melanoma cells and tissues,and it could inhibit both anchorage-independent growth and migration of melanoma cells.After up-regulation of miR-211 expression,the mRNA expression of MMP-16 decreased in A375 cells,suggesting that MMP-16 may be a downstream target of miR-211,and can influence melanoma metastasis.