Because of immature gastrointestinal tract development and the influence of postnatal disease status,extremely low birth weight infant feeding has become a majoy problem. Early positive parenteral feeding and proper enteral feeding are very helpful to the growth and development of extremely low birth weight infant.

BACKGROUND:It has been observed recently that tumor recurrence is closely related to cancer stem cel s. Cancer stem cel theory provides a new avenue for the study of gastric cancer pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. To determine the cel phenotype is helpful to target gastric cancer stem cel s, and contributes to exploring the self-renewal and differentiation of gastric cancer stem cel s, further providing new ideas for the treatment of gastric cancer. However, the phenotype of gastric cancer stem cel s remains controversial.
OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress in gastric cancer stem cel phenotype.
METHODS:A computer-based online search of PubMed database was performed to search related articles published between January 1965 and October 2015 with the key words of“Gastric Cancer Stem Cel s”in English. Sixty-eight articles were included for final analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Traditional cancer stem cel phenotypes are unsuitable for marking
gastric cancer stem cel s. Studies have found that CD90 expresses in primary gastric cancers, and cancer stem cel spheres would be required via serum-free culture by CD90 maker. CD24 expression can improve the adhesion, invasion and migration of gastric cancer cel s. Further studies have confirmed that a lot of cel s positive for both CD44 and CD54 can be found in patients with early recurrence of gastric cancer rather than those with advanced recurrence, and CD44 and CD54 expression in tumor cel s is likely to be an important cause of gastric cancer occurrence and recurrence. By analyzing the sorting, CD44+CD24+CD90+CD54+is likely to be the gastric cancer stem cel phenotype.

BACKGROUND:Hematopoietic microenvironment regulates hematopoietic stem cel s mainly through the cel-cel , cel-soluble regulator and cel-extracel uar matrix modes. OBJECTIVE:To review the molecular mechanism underlying regulation of hematopoietic stem cel s under the cel-cel , cel-soluble factors and cel-extracel ular matrix modes. METHODS:A computer-based online search of PubMed database was performed to search related articles with the key words of“Niche, HSC, VCAM-1, VLA-4, TPO, MPL, ECM, Integrin, N-cadherin, ANG-1, Tie2, VLA-5, Jagged-1, Notch, CXCL12, CXCR4, SCF, Kit, BMPs/TGF-β, TGF-βR, IFNα, IFNαR”in English. Irrelevant or repetitive studies as wel as old literature were excluded, and final y 80 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cel s on the endosteal surface, vascular endothelial cel s, perivascular cel s, and some unknown or certain cel s or smal molecules in the bone marrow cavity constitute the specialized microenvironment for hematopoietic stem cel s. Hematopoietic stem cel s in the hematopoietic microenvironment remain a relatively steady state, which is the result of mutual contact of hematopoietic stem cel s and hematopoietic microenvironment under the regulation of some important molecules, such as Pten and osteopontin, via the pathway between cel-intercel ular adhesions, intercel ular soluble factors, and cel s and extracel ular matrix.

College students' employment viewpoint has transferred ultimately from traditional"government-planning assignment" to modern job-seeking mechanism of "two way choice and independent option".Recently,medical college has reformed clinical teaching in 5-years program.But some problems still exist in clinical teaching reflected from the employment situation of medical graduates and the evaluation of recruiting employers.Some work can be done to solve problems existing in medical students' employment.It is an important issue in adapting social requirement through reforming the model of clinical teaching and arranging the period of clinical training reasonably.

With the development of social education,the examination system becomes standardized.The fairness of test paper evaluation,which is a last procedure,becomes more and more important.Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing test paper evaluation,educator should pay more attention and take many effective measures to form good response mechanism in order to embody the fairness about test paper evaluation and give play to the initiative.

High-throughput screening is a regular approach available for identitying new lead compounds for the growing validated drug targets in drug screening. However, it has also introduced a large number of peculiar molecules which interfere drug screening. Pan assay interference compounds (PAINS) interfere with the progress of drug screening in various ways, such as interfering with a biochemical assay, modifying the protein, aggregate-based inhibitors and so on. So it is of vital significance to remove them. This paper has consulted the concept, category of PAINS and reviewed the way of PAINS interfering and the countermeasures to cope with them to direct the approach of high through screening and improve the hits percent.
Drug Discovery ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; methods

Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), also known as vitamin D3-up-regulated protein (VDUP1), is an endogenous inhibitor of thioredoxin (Trx), which regulates the cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) state. TXNIP regulates cellular survival, apoptosis and inflammation induced by glucotoxicity, heat shock and mechanical pressure. The above functions of TXNIP are regulated by carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK). In recent years, numerous studies showed that TXNIP is involved in diabetes and diabetic complications. On the one hand, TXNIP functions in diabetes by increasing insulin resistance and hepatic gluconeogenesis. TXNIP expression is induced by high glucose, which is implicated in pancreatic beta cell glucotoxicity and endothelial cells dysfunction. TXNIP may contribute to the development and progression of diabetes and its vascular complications. TXNIP may be a new target for diabetes and its vascular complications therapy.
Apoptosis ; Carrier Proteins ; metabolism ; Diabetes Complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Endothelial Cells ; pathology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; pathology ; Vascular Diseases ; drug therapy ; metabolism

Humans ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate ; therapeutic use

According to the analysis and integration on prior research results regarding meridian essence, it is believed that high-energy metabolism is one of the main characteristics of along-meridian specificity. With discussion on the formation mechanism of along-meridians high-energy metabolism as entry point, it is found out that proteins of voltage-gated calcium channel along the meridians are likely to play an essential role of starting and coupling during the along-meridians functional activity. Thus, the hypothesis "proteins coupling in the meridians" is modified to the hypothesis "calcium channels proteins coupling in the meridians", which opens new path to reveal material basis and action mechanism of meridians.
Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channels ; metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; Humans ; Meridians

AIM:To research the effect of safflower in renal intertistial fibrosis by GFR and renal biopsypathology with Sprague-Dnwley(SD) rat model.METHODS:All rats were distributed into 6 groups.Group A was normal control,group B received sham operation,group C was vehicle control,group D received vehicle,group E received safflower(10(g?kg~(-1)) body(wt?d~(-1))),and group F received enalapril((12.5)(mg?kg~(-1)) body(wt?d~(-1))).Rats underwent reversible left renal vein obstruction for 6 d,after which the obstruction was relieved.Renal function was determined by measuring GFR with inulin clearances.Both renal tubular epithelial cells(RTECs) and fibronection deposition for renal interstitial fibrosis were identified by immunohistochemistry.The positive and negative areas of per slice was determined by a motic medical 6.0 graphical analytical system.Atrophic tubules were determined by measuring the tubule diameter.10 fields per slice were analyzed at ?400 magnification.RESULTS:Return of glomerular filtration rate(GFR) was seen in group E and goup F,which was significantly better than group D(P