SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is involved in the post-translational modifications of proteins,and this process is referred to as SUMOylation.SUMOylation plays an important role in the regulation of cellular activities such as strengthening the stability of the protein,nucleocytoplasmic transport,DNA repair,DNA replication,mitotic and meiotic chromosome behavior,et al.SUMOylation is a dynamic process and can be reversed by SUMO-specific proteases (SENP).Once the balance between SUMOylation and de-SUMOylation is broken,there will be an aberrant expression of SUMO or SENPs in cells to happen,which may lead to the tumor occturtrence.

Objective To analyze the complications caused by microwave ablation for hepatic cavernous hemangiomas, and to discuss the prevention and treatment of the complications. Methods During the period from July 2009 to May 2011 at authors’ hospital, a total of 34 times of microwave ablation procedure were carried out in 30 patients with hepatic cavernous hemangiomas. The microwave ablation-related complications were recorded and the prognosis was evaluated. Results Serious complications occurred in 2 patients (6.7%), including acute hemolysis leading to acute renal failure (n = 1) and abdominal wall abscess (n = 1). Postoperative fever was seen in 18 cases (60%), transient hemoglobinuria in 4 cases (13.3%), nausea with vomiting in 5 cases (16.7%), marked pain at the surgical area in 8 cases (26.7%), right pleural effusion in 4 cases (13.3%), hepatic dysfunction in 24 cases (80%) and leukocytosis in 11 cases (36.7%). No treatment-related death occurred. Conclusion For the treatment of hepatic cavernous hemangiomas, microwave ablation is minimally invasive with higher safety and satisfactory effect, although this technique carries somewhat higher risks when the hemangioma is larger or the location of the hemangioma is anatomically complicated. Some of these complications can be early detected and proper management should be actively adopted in order to avoid as well as to minimize the adverse results.

Objective This article made an exploration on the feasibility of combined applica-tion of TBL with LBL in immunology experiment teaching, and analyzed teaching effectiveness of such combined model in order to find a new way of teaching reformation. Methods 2012 grade biophar-maceutical technology students were chosen in this research, one class as the experimental group(n=42), the other one as control group(n=42). In the experimental group, students were taught on a TBL+LBL combination model, while in the control group, students were taught only on LBL model. After the course was finished, effects of teaching were evaluated by questionnaire survey and compre-hensive ability evaluation. SPSS 18.0 software was used to do statistical analysis. Quantitative data and qualitative data were analyzed by t test and chi-square test respectively. P<0.05 means that difference is statistically significant. Results Above 90.0% of students in experiment group approved that TBL+LBL can improve the interest in learning , can enhance sense of teamwork , can help acquiring of knowledge and improving of individual comprehensive ability. Average score of comprehensive ability evaluation and percentage of students achieving good score in experimental group were higher than those in control group, the differences were statistically significant(t=2.020, P=0.049; χ2=6.372, P=0.012). Conclusion The TBL+LBL combination model can improve immunology experiment teach-ing quality, and is worth publicizing.

Objective:To study the preparation technology of ambroxol hydrochloride double-layer tablets and evaluate the drug re-lease in vitro. Methods:The best technology was screened by orthogonal design, and the drug release in vitro was evaluated by UV spectrophotometry. Results:The drug release in vitro was in accordance with the corresponding standard. Conclusion:The preparation technology is simple and the quality is stable for industrial production.

Objective:To analyze and compare the effect of integration of Traditional and Western Medicine treatment and western treatment for patients with severe acute pancreatitis.Methods:According to the including criteria,nineteen randomized controlled trials of this topic were enrolled into the analysis.The detail about the trial design characters of the subjects, results of the studies were reviewed and analyzed by Revman 4.1 software.Results:Compared with integration of Traditional and Western Medicine treatment,western treatment was associated with a significantly higher incidence of mortality(RR=0.35,95%CI 0.25～0.48,P

The mercury content in soil and sediment, although minimal, but its toxicity is substantial.Different speciation of mercury has different toxicity, so the determination of total mercury can not fully reveal its toxicity and bioavailability.The speciation of mercury has become more and more indispensable.This paper summarizes the extraction and determination methods of the total and the speciation mercury in soil and sediment, and the extraction and determination of methyl mercury.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the medical cost of capectabine in treatment of advanced rectocolonic carcino?ma.METHODS:The characteristics of therapeutic effect and medical cost were compared between capectabine and classical MAYO program.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The capectabine is more expensive than traditional drugs,however,in terms of medical resource,the saving medical cost in use of capectabine would counterbalance the expensive price of drug to maxium limit.The medical cost of capectabine is superior to that of traditional drugs.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cumulative incidence of end-stage renal disease(ESRD)in Chinese hypertensive type2diabetic patients with microalbuminuria(DHM)treated with different regimes,and to provide reference for decision makers.METHODS:A peer-reviewed Markov model that simulated progression from microalbuminuria to nephropathy,dou?bling of serum creatinine,ESRD,and all-cause mortality in patients with DHM was adapted to China.Three strategies were compared:(1)early use of irbesartan(i.e.prompt treatment in subjects with microalbuminuria);(2)late use of irebesartan(i.e.as from overt nephropathy);(3)standard hypertension care(with comparable blood pressure control).Cumulative incidence of ESRD,costs and life expectancy were projected for a hypothetical cohort of1000subjects.Treatment-specific progression and mortality probabilities were derived from published trials:IRMA-2(in microalbuminuria)and IDNT(in overt nephropathy).Medical management and cost data per state were obtained from published local sources.A flexible time horizon up to25years and third party payer perspective were used.Future costs and LE were discounted at3%yearly.RESULTS:When compared with standard blood pressure control,early use of irbesartan was evaluated to reduce the cumulative incidence of ESRD from(mean?standard deviation)8%to22%,save RMB30348(US＄3667),and add0.638life years per treated patient.Late use of irbesartan was dominant over control group but dominated by early irbesartan.Break-even occurred after13years.CON?CLUSION:Treating DHM patients by early use of irbesartan is evaluated to reduce the incidence of ESRD,extend life and reduce costs.Treating patients at a later stage is still beneficial,however to a lower extent.

Objective Liver is a common site of metastasis of gastric cancer and hitherto there has been no uniform treatment for liver metastasis of gastric cancer. This study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of liver metastasis of gastric cancer in order to provide some evidence for the improvement of the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods We ret-rospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and survival data of 143 patients with liver metastasis of gastric cancer treated in our hospital between March 2007 and September 2012. We investigated the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of the disease u-sing the Cox Regression Model. Results Seventy-five ( 52. 4%) of the 143 patients survived for 12 months, 41 ( 28. 7%) for 24 months, and 18 (12.6%) for 36 months, with a median survival time of 14 months. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the survival time among the patients with different histological grades of primary gastric cancer, time of liver metastasis, types of metastatic liver cancer, extra-liver metastasis, and treatment methods ( P<0.05) . Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed the histological grade of gastric cancer to be low-or non-differentiation ( HR=2.67, 95% CI:1.51-4.72) and the type of liver meta-static cancer to be H2 ( HR=1.89, 95% CI:1.08-3.29) or H3 ( HR=2.13, 95% CI:1.32-3.44) , which were independent risk fac-tors affecting the prognosis of liver metastasis of gastric cancer, while palliative chemotherapy ( HR=0.55, 95% CI:0.32-0.95) was an independent protective factor of its prognosis. Conclusion Patients with liver metastasis from gastric cancer usually have a poor prognosis, especially those with histologically low-grade gastric cancer or type-H2 or -H3 liver metastatic cancer. The prognosis of thepatients undergoing palliative chemotherapy may have a better prognosis than those receiving best supportive care. A comprehensive therapy should be recommended to patients with liver metastasis from gastric cancer.