OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effects of Yiweikang(YWK)capsule on gastric mucosa of the model rats with gastritis and gastric ulcer.METHODS:The experimental rats were randomly divided into five groups:YWK high-dosage group,YWK moderate-dosage group,YWK low-dosage group,positive control group(treated with drenched cime?tidine capsule,0.1g/kg),and negative control group(provided with drenched isovolumic distilled water or sodium chloride)in order to observe the effects of YWK for excitable gastric ulcer in mice and gastric ulcer in rats induced by alcohol and pylorus-ligature.RESULTS:Compared with the negative controls,gastric acid,gastric juice and ulcer indices in YWK group declined,most significantly in high-dosage group.CONCLUSION:YWK in oral administration has preventive effects for excitable ulc_ er,alcohol induced ulcer and pylorus-ligature induced ulcer.It also can help the recovery of gastric mucosa of ulcer model rats.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors for fungal infection in hospitalized patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),and provide basis for taking preventive and control measures.Methods Clini-cal data of 112 inpatients with AIDS in a tertiary first-class hospital from January 2010 to October 2015 were ana-lyzed retrospectively,related risk factors were analyzed in patients with fungal infection,univariate analysis was performed byχ2 or t test,and multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression analysis.Results Among 112 AIDS inpatients,41 (36.61%)had fungal infection.Candida albicans was the main pathogen (n=52, 76.74%)and was mainly isolated from lower respiratory tract (n=29,42.65%).Univariate analysis showed that invasive procedures,duration of antimicrobial use,combined antimicrobial use,and decreased CD4+ T lymphocyte count in peripheral blood were risk factors for fungal infection in AIDS inpatients(all P<0.05),while oral cleaning care and systemic antiviral therapy were protective factors for fungal infection(all P<0.05);multivariate analysis showed that decreased CD4+ T lymphocyte count in peripheral blood(OR,1.017[95% CI,1.009-1.025])and combined antimicrobial use(OR,3.975[95%CI,1.093-14.448])were independent risk factors for fungal infection in AIDS inpatients,while systemic antiviral therapy was independent protective factor for fungal infection (OR, 0.288[95%CI,0.099-0.841]).Conclusion There are many factors influencing fungal infection in AIDS patients, rational use of antimicrobial agents,systemic antiviral therapy,and increasing serum albumin concentration are main methods to prevent fungal infection,avoid unnecessary invasive procedures and application of preventive antifungal therapy for high-risk patients are also effective to prevent fungal infection.

Objective To investigate the teaching modes of the course of guide to learn in undergraduate nursing students in order to improve their quality of leaning.Methods Questionnaire survey and interview were conducted to collect the students'general appraisal on learning Science and teaching content and teaching modes as well as ingathering and suggestions of the course.Results Totally 79.5%among 117 students thought it necessary to open the course of Learning Science.96.6%students considered ten subjects of the course reasonable.83.8%students were satisfied with the alternate five-teachers'teaching modes.The most digestible teaching approach Was illustration,and the most valuable experience wag how to regulate the psyehology of learning.Conclusions The course of guide to learn in nursing undergraduate education has positive significance.Nursing educators should always explore and improve the teaching mode of this course so as to help students develop SOundly.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of multiple drug resistant bacterial infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and provide guidance for disease control and prevention. Methods Clinical data of 814 COPD patients were retrospectively analyzed from June 2011 to May 2015, including patient's age, gender, smoking history, age of onset, severity, aggravated frequency, duration of exacerbations, diabetes mellitus, complications, use frequency and use duration of glucocorticoid, use frequency of antimicrobial agents and use duration of each time, types of antimicrobial drugs used, combined with antibacterial drugs, plasma albumin concentration, blood glucose, bacteria culture detection of multi drug resistant bacteria infection. The risk factors of multi drug resistant bacteria infection were analyzed. Results A total of 857 pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 814 COPD patients with pulmonary infection. Multiple drug resistant bacteria infection were detected in 170 cases, and 175 strains (20.42%) were detected. The detection rate of multi drug resistant/PAN resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR/PDR-PA) was 55.38% (36/65). There were significant differences in patients with multi drug resistant bacteria infection between different clinical pathological characteristics. Logistic regression analysis showed that the acute exacerbation duration (days), long time use of antimicrobial drugs, and high frequency of corticosteroids and antibiotics use were independent risk factor of multi drug resistant bacteria infection in COPD patients. Conclusion Prevention and treatment of multiple drug resistant bacteria infection in COPD patients should pay attention to the combination of community and hospital, and take effective measures to prevent and control the risk factors.

Objective To explore the risk factors of mortality in neonates with severe bacterial pneumonia. Method The clinical data of 249 neonates with severe bacterial pneumonia from January 2011 to November 2015 were analyzed retrospectively, and the related factors of mortality were analyzed. Results Of the 249 children, 45 died and mortality rate was 18.07%. A total of 251 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in the bacterial culture, and the top 5 pathogens were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Univariate analysis showed that the gestational age, premature rupture of membranes, age at the time of hospital admission, birth weight, feeding, Apgar score, total bilirubin, complications, traumatic treatment, parenteral nutrition, and multidrug-resistant bacteria infection between the death group and survival group were significantly different (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age at admission <7 days (OR=4.30, 95%CI: 1.74～10.64), Apgar scores <7 (OR=3.24, 95%CI: 1.23～8.49), and having complications (OR=6.81, 95%CI: 2.65～17.46), multidrug-resistant bacteria infection (OR=6.16, 95%CI: 1.90～19.99) and traumatic therapy (OR=3.82, 95%CI: 1.03～14.16) were the independent risk factors of mortality in neonatal severe bacterial pneumonia (all P <0.05). Conclusion The mortality rate of neonatal severe bacterial pneumonia is relatively high. And the main risk factors of death were the age at admission <7 days, Apgar scores <7, and having complications, multidrug- resistant bacteria infection and traumatic therapy.

AIM The proofs of evidence-based medicine of Qingkailing Injection's effect on viral hepatitis are lack in spite of the wide use of Qingkailing Injection in medical practice.This study aims to use Meta-analysis to evaluate its clinical effect and safety.METHODS Such databases as CNKI,VIP and Wanfang were searched for randomized controlled trials related to Qingkailing Injection in treatment of viral hepatitis,which were published officially between 1996--2016.Revman 5.3 software was used to conduct Meta-analysis for the effective rate,rate of adverse reaction,the decrease rate of ALT,AST and TBIL of Qingkailing Injection.Meanwhile,subgroup analysis was conducted to the clinical effect of doses [＜ 0.5 mL/(kg · d),0.5-0.67 mL/(kg · d),＞0.67 mL/(kg · d)],treatment courses (≤ 14 d,＞ 14 d),manufacturers (Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Factory,Shenwei Pharmaceutical Company,Shanxi Taihang Pharmaceutical Company),year (1996 to 2002,2003 to 2009,2010 to 2016).RESULTS Fourteen studies were included according to the criterion.The results of Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate,the decrease rate of ALT,AST and TBIL in Qingkailing Injection group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Whereas,no significiant differences were found between Qingkailing Injection group and the control group of its rate of adverse reaction (P ＞ 0.05).Subgroup-analysis showed that the effective rate of Qingkailing in doses subgroup,treatment courses subgroup,manufacturers subgroup and year subgroup were significantly higher than those of the control group.CONCLUSION Qingkailing Injection has obvious benefit in the treatment of viral hepatitis,which can reduce the activity of ALT and AST,also can reduce the content of TBIL.But we should pay attention to the prevention of allergic reaction in the clinical use.

In order to enhance the specificity of TNF-α monoclonal antibody to inflamed site, a bispecific antibody BsDb that targets TNF-α and the extra-domain B (ED-B) of fibronectin (FN) was constructed by covalently linking the anti-TNF-α single chain Fv antibody (TNF-scFv) and the anti-ED-B scFv L19 via a flexible peptide linker deriving from human serum albumin (HSA). ED-B is an antigen specifically expressed at the inflamed site. BsDb is expressed in E. coli, identified by immunoblot, and purified with affinity chromatography. This was followed by further examination of its bioactivities and pharmacokinetics. We demonstrated that BsDb retained the immunoreactivity of its original antibodies as it could simultaneously bind to TNF-α and ED-B and neutralize the biological action of TNF-α. In the collagen-induced arthritis mice model, BsDb selectively accumulate in the inflamed joint with a maximal uptake of (12.2 ± 1.50)% ID/g in a single inflamed paw and retain in the inflamed paw for at least 72 h. In contrast, BsDb showed a short serum half-life of (0.50 ± 0.05) h and a rapid clearance from normal tissues. The findings reported herein indicate that BsDb has good specificity to the inflamed site and low toxicity to normal tissues. BsDb is therefore likely to have greater clinical applications in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. This laid a stable basis for its preclinical study.

Objective To constitute a database of chronic wounds for characterizing the patients with chronic wounds.Methods Based on the guideline of chronic wounds defined by international wound healing society,86 outpatients with chronic wounds were selected between January and October in 2013 to set up a wound database using the wound information management system.The parameters including etiology,age distribution,mean time of fracture healing and wound healing time posterior to different treatments were analyzed.Results (1) Statistical difference existed for cause distribution (P ＜0.05).Top three causes were trauma (29％),varicosity (26％) and pressure sore (19％).(2) Age distribution varied significantly among the patients with various causes of chronic wounds (P ＜ 0.05).(3) Statistical difference was observed in healing time of various types of chronic wounds (P ＜ 0.05).Diabetic wound and varicose ulcer took the longest healing time,with average 116.36 days and 88.48 days respectively.(4) Patients treated with novel dressings had shorter healing time than those managed with traditional dressings (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Trauma,varicosity and pressure ulcer are relatively common among the outpatients.Etiology of chronic wounds is strongly related to age and novel dressings contributed to a shortened cause of the disorder.

AIM To investigate the effect of DO C(deoxycholic acid) on the absorption of INS-PLA-NP[insulin-loaded poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles] in different sites of gastrointestinal tracts. METHODS After INS-PLA-NP that contained or did not contain DOC was adminitered to different sites in gastrointestianl tracts(stomach, small intestine and colon)of normal rats, the hypoglycemic effect was observed. RESULTS The hypoglycemic effect did not exist after intragastric administration of INS-PLA-NP whether or not DOC was added. The alleviatory hypoglycemic effect was evident after intraintestinal absorption of INS-PLA-NP. After DOC was added, the absorption of INS-PLA-NP was accelerated obviously and the hypoglycemic effect was strengthened significantly. Glucose levels hardly changed after INS-PLA-NP was administered to colon. With the use of DOC, a little hypoglycemic effect appeared. CONCLUSIONS The absorption of INS-PLA-NP in small intestine was accelerated and enhanced by DOC. DOC could be used as absorption enhancer of INS-NP in the future.