To investigate the effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on the proliferation and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) expression of cultured human retinal pigment epithelium cells, human retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE) were cultured from normal adults who, died accidentally. The effects of PDTC on the proliferation of RPE cells were examined by using methyl thiazlyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The effects of PDTC on the PCNA expression of RPE cells were immunohistochemically examined by employing biological image analysis system (BIAS). After treatment with PDTC of various of concentration ranging from 0.062 to 1 g/L for 24 h, or concentrations ranging from 0.031 to 1 g/L, the proliferation of RPE cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner. After treatment with PDTC of concentration varying from 0.062 to 1 g/L for 24 h, the PCNA expression was also suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. It is concluded that PDTC can inhibit the proliferation of RPE cells in vitro in a dose-and time-dependent manner, at least in part, by down-regulating the expression of PCNA. PDTC may be used to prevent and treat the proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Objective To understand whether Imarcaptoacetate dioctyltin(IMA) is a environmental endocrine disruptor or not. Methods The new born Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups including positive control group, negative control group and four experimental groups. The rats in the experimental groups were given IMA at different concentrations (0.100 0, 0.010 0, 0.001 0, 0.000 1 ?g/10 g) 1/1 000 000 by hypodermic injection, the rats in the negative control group were treated with corn oil and those in the positive control group were treated with dibutyltin dilaurate(DBTD) at concentration of 0.001 ?g/10 g bw. The rats were injected one time each day for five consecutive days. After one and half months, the levels of T, LH and FSH in the blood, the weight of the testicles, ovaries and the sexual organ exponent were determined. The pathological examination on some samples was conducted. Results In both of female and male, the levels of T in IMA treated rats were significantly increased and showed an doge-effect relationship (P0.05). The exponents of the testicles were different among groups (P

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between axial length ( AL ) , corneal and lens refractive power, and the refractive error in children.
METHODS:Totally 44 children 88 eyes with refractive error who underwent retinoscopy with cycloplegia, to be measured spherical equivalent refractive error. Axial length was measured by a noncontact optical biometry ( ZEISS IOL-Master) , and corneal K and anterior chamber depth ( ACD) were also measured by the same machine. The refractive power of the lens was calculated by using the SRK formula. The patients were divided into 3 groups, myopia (SE<0), hyperopia (SE>+0. 50D) and emmetropia ( 0 to + 0. 50D ). Linear Correlation and Regression were used to evaluate the correlation among the optical parameters.
RESULTS:Totally 44 subjects, 88 eyes, average 9. 04±2.39 years, spherical equivalent (SE) -3. 50D to +8. 75D. Hyperopic AL was shorter than the other two groups ( P<0.05), same trend in lens power. No significant differences among the 3 groups in corneal K and ACD. There was a negative correlation between age and SE, SE and AL, SE and lens refractive power, and there was a positive correlation between age and AL, age and lens power.
CONCLUSION:As the children's growing up, SE trends to myopia, and AL becomes longer, and lens power is stronger.

The incidence of birth defect in China is still high,which is not only affected by genetic factors,but also affected by heavy metals in surrounding that prejudices foetus' normal development.Heavy metal is a kind of inorganic pollutants with high toxicity.Excessive intake of lead,cadmium,arsenic or mercury,and the insufficient intake of zinc,calcium and copper may both lead to at least 1 kind of birth defect.The interactions between heavy metals also affect the outcomes of pregnancy.This paper reviewed different relationships between heavy metals and birth defect recording to relevant achievements such as animal experimentations and epidemiologic study made by researches from at home and abroad in recent years.It is advised to intake adequate zinc and copper and avoid being exposed to harmful metals to make sure the effective reduction of the incidences of birth defects.This paper will also point out the direction of future research about the relationship among the birth defects and heavy metal.

Purpose　The aim is to optimize the liquid culture conditions of dihydropyrimidinase producing strain Pseudomonas putida 9801. Methods　Plackett-Burman design and spherical symmetric desig n were used.Results　Optimum conditions for dihydropyrimidinas e formation of Pseudomonas putida 9801 were defined:yeast extract 2.39%, Glu cose 1.81%,Uracil 0.06%,K2HPO4*3H2O 0.2%, MgCl2*6H2O 0.05%and NaCl 0 .3%,when the strain was cultured at 32℃ for 10 h,about 3.02 units/ml of hydanto inase was obtained. This value was quite consistent with the theory value(2.91 u nits/ml).Conclusion　The liquid culture conditions of dihydrop yrimidinase producing strain were optimized.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of 64 multislice spiral CT (64-MSCT) and 1.5T MRI in nurseling with congenital vascular rings.
Methods:We retrospectively studied the diagnostic records of 64-MSCT and 1.5T MRI in 48 nurseling with congenital vascular rings. There were 42 cases received CTA, 12 received MRA and 6 received both CTA and MRA. We classiifed the types of vascular rings by Edwards sketch map of aortic arch embryonic development and trachea wrapping conditions. The diagnostic values of 64-MSCT and 1.5T MRI on vascular rings were compared.
Results: There were 25 patients with complete vascular rings including 3 of double aortic arch, 12 right aortic arch with left subclavian artery and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), 9 combining with arterial ligament, 1 neck right aortic arch with left subclavian artery combining left PDA;and 23 patients with in-complete vascular rings including 2 pulmonary artery sling, 9 left aortic arch with right subclavian artery combining left PDA, 10 combining with arterial ligament, 1 right aortic arch with left subclavian artery combining right PDA, 1 with innominate artery compressed trachea. There were 32/48 patients combined with cardiac malformations, both 64-MSCT and 1.5T MRI may well reveal the composition and special relationship of vessel rings. The minimum intensity projection (MinIP) and air volume rendering (VR) of 64-MSCT may clearly display the morphology and development of trachea, image fusion technique could directly show the special relationships among vascular rings, trachea and esophagus. While 1.5T MRI was relatively poor to present tracheal image.
Conclusion: 64-MSCT could accurately and comprehensively display the special relationships among the vessels rings, trachea and esophagus;which was the best method for diagnosing the nurseling with vessel rings in clinical practice.

Aim To investigate the immunomodulative effect of hesperidin on immunodepressed mice.Methods The immunosuppressed mice were induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy, ip). Indexes of immune organs were calculated. Phagocytosis of mononuclear macrophage was determined by cleaning carbon particle method. Spectrophotography was used to estimate levels of serum specific IgG, IgM (HCIgM, HCIgG). Plaque forming cell (PFC) was determined with quantitative haemolysis of SRBC (QHS). Splenic lymphocytes proliferation was measured by MTT method. The mouse delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) model induced by dinitoflruorobenzene (DNFB) was used to study the effect of hesperidin on the level of DTH and subset of T lymphocyte. Results Hesperidin remarkably increased indexes of spleen and thymus, the rate of clearance and clearance index, but had no significant impact on HCIgM, HCIgG and PFC. In addition, it could enhance the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and reverse DTH response to normal level. Conclusion Our results indicated that hesperidin had an enhanced effect on nonspecific immunity and specific cellular immunity in immunodepressed mice, while specific humoral immunity wasn′t significantly changed.

Aim To study the immunomodulatory activity of total flavonoids of Litsea Coreana Leveille (LCTF) on cyclophosphamide(CY)-induced immunosuppressive mice. Methods CY (50 mg?kg-1) was administered by intraperitoneal(ip)injection for 2 consecutive days to induce immunosuppressive model. Carbon clearance, quantitative hemolysis and DNFB-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH) were applied to assay effects of LCTF on nonspecific immunity, humoral immunity and cellular immunity. Results In carbon clearance test, the clearance index (K) and values of phagocytic index (?) were elevated by LCTF (200 and 400 mg?kg-1), indicating the phagocytosis of macrophages was enhanced in immunosuppressive mice.In quantitative hemolysis, productions of IgM and IgG in serum and hemolysin in splenocytes were enhanced in immunosuppressive mice by LCTF (100 and 200 mg?kg-1). LCTF (200 and 400 mg?kg-1) obviously increased DTH reactivity in immunosuppressive mice. LCTF not only increased percentages of T cells expressing CD4+ and CD8+,but also enhanced the ratio of the two subset of T lymphocyte,and LCTF (200 and 400 mg?kg-1) could also improve IL-2 production of spleen lymphocytes. Conclusion LCTF showed significant immunomodulatory property on immunosuppressive mice through specific and nonspecific immunity.

Aim To study the therapeutic effect of hesperidin (HDN) on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats and its mechanisms.Methods Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was used to induce AA in rats. Secondary paw swelling of AA rats was measured with volume meter. Splenic lymphocyte proliferation response induced by concanavalin A (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was examined with MTT assay. IL-2 production of splenic lymphocytes and IL-1, IL-6,TNF-? productions of peritoneal macrophage (PM?) were determined by radio-immunity assay.IL-10 production of PM? was estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The secondary inflammation of AA rats appeared on the 12th day after injection of FCA. At the same time (d 12), HDN (40,80,160 mg?kg-1,?12 d) were given to AA rats by intragastric administration. It was found that HDN(80, 160 mg?kg-1) could significantly inhibit the secondary paw swelling of AA rats from the 20 th day.The suppressed lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production of splenic lymphocytes in AA rats were reversed by treatment with HDN. Meanwhile,HDN could remarkably down-regulate IL-1,IL-6,TNF-? productions of PM? and up-regulate IL-10 production of PM?.Conclusions The results suggested that HDN had therapeutical effect on AA rats. Its mechanisms may be related to adjusting abnormal immune function in AA rats and keeping the balance of cytokine network.

[Abstract ] Objective The role of serum Pygo2 expression in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in the disease process and whether it can be used to evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis still remain unknown .The article aimed to detect Pygo 2 expression in the peripheral blood of children with NAFLD and ana-lyze its relationship with traditional serum hepatic fibrosis index in or-der to evaluate the clinical significance of Pygo 2 measurement in chil-dren with NAFLD . Methods We enrolled 120 cases of childhood obesity and 18 healthy controls in Anhui Provincial Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from September 2014 to February 2016.The cases of childhood obesity were di-vided into simple obesity group ( n=44, no diffuse fatty liver under liver ultrasound detection ) , NAFL group ( n=35, diffuse fatty liver with normal liver function under liver ultrasound detection ) and NASH group ( n=41, diffuse fatty liver with abnormal liver function under liver ultrasound detection ) .The peripheral serum was collected from all patients and healthy controls .ELISA was used to detect serum Pygo2 expression and radioimmunoassay was used to detect the serum hyaluronia acid (HA), procollagen type Ⅲ(PCⅢ), pro-collagen type Ⅳ(CⅣ) and laminin(LN) levels.Finally the serum ALT and γ-GT levels were measured with totally automatic enzymat-ic method. Results Pygo2 expression in NAFL group [52.1(12.3)μg/L] and NASH group[78.3(50.0)μg/L] increased signifi-cantly compared with simple obesity group [43.2(18.7)μg/L](P<0.05).Pygo2 expression in NASH group increased significantly compared with control group [41.7(16.8)μg/L] and NAFL group (P<0.001).The serum hepatic fribrosis and inflammation markers ( HA, PC, ALT, C III and IV gamma-GT) levels gradually increased in the obese children .There were statistically positive correla-tions between serum Pygo2 and HA, PCⅢ, CⅣ, ALT or γ-GT (P<0.001).In particular, more significant positive correlations were found between serum Pygo2 and HA, CⅣor γ-GT (r=0.708, P<0.001;r=0.589, P<0.001;r=0.674, P<0.05). Conclusion The degree of liver fibrosis worsens with the increase of Pygo 2 expression and Pygo 2 is in remarkable correlation with conventional he-patic fibrosis serum makers ( HA, C IV) orγ-GT, which shows Pygo 2 expression can be taken as the clinical evaluation index of liver fibrosis in children with NAFLD .