To investigate the effects of clonidine on controlled hypotension induced by sodium nitroprusside,twenty-four patients (male 17,femai 7,aged 20 to 58 years,ASA Ⅰ to Ⅱ)scheduled for elective craniotomy,were randomly assigned to two groups:control group (Ⅰ,n=12),clonidine group (Ⅱ,n=12) with premedication of clonidine 5?g/kg P. O.. The MAP of both groups decreased by 40% with the infusion of 0.01% sodium nitroprusside solution (SNP). The results showed that the blood pressure was more easily reduced and maitained in group Ⅱ,and the MAP after discontinuing of SNP in group Ⅱ was lower than in group Ⅰ(P

AIM To investigate if the beneficial effects of β-aescin on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced cerebral injury are related to the inhibition of expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Rats were pretreated ig with β-aescin for 7 d and then subjected to cerebral I/R injury induced by a middle cerebral artery occlusion. The infarct volume and the neurological deficit were determined by the method of TTC staining and the Longa's score. The permeability of the blood-brain barrier was evaluated by measurement of the Evans blue (EB)content in the brain with spectrophotometer. The serum contents of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) protein were determined by radioimmunoassay and ELISA assay. The expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was evaluated with Western blot. RESULTS β-Aescin significantly reduced infarct volume (P<0.05 or P<0.01), ameliorated the neurological deficit and reduced the permeability of blood-brain barrier (P<0.05). Pretreated with β-aescin 30 and 60 mg·kg-1, the serum content of IL-8 and the expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB protein in brain tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION β-Aescin has protective effects on cerebral injury through inhibiting the expression and release of the inflammatory mediators after I/R injury.

OBJECTIVE To establish a convenient method for detecting plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae lacking chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamases and to investigqte their genotype.METHODS Fifteen isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were collected and the diameters of inhibitory zone of cefoxitin in combination with or without cloxacillin were measured separately by standard disc diffusion test.The M3D assay was used as control method.And the activity of AmpC beta-lactamases of all isolates was simultaneously assayed.Multiplex PCR was performed to determine the genotype of AmpC beta-lactamases.RESULTS Among 15 isolates,8 isolates were identified to have plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases.The sensitivity and specificity of AmpC beta-lactamases phenotypic confirmatory test were 100%.Eight of 15 isolates were identified to be DHA-1 beta-lactamases by multiplex PCR.CONCLUSIONS The new AmpC beta-lactamases phenotypic confirmatory test is a reliable method for detecting plasmidmediated AmpC beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae lacking chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamases.DHA-1 beta-lactamases are the main genotypes of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases in Hubei Province of China.

Objective To explore the mechanism of early-onset sub-clinical seizures following acute cerebral infarction. Methods Right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats models were made by threads methods. Sub-clinical seizures were detected with recording apparatus at the same time. Glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) were detected by immunohistochemical method in rats hippocampus. Results Sub-clinical seizures occurred in 27.4% rats following MCAO. The GLT-1 expressions in CA_1 and CA_3 regions were lower in sub-clinical seizure group[(344.5?35.0)?m~2 and (360.4?13.5)?m~2 respectively] than those in the controls[(447.0?22.8)?m~2 in CA_1 region and (402.3?28.5)?m~2 in CA_3 region]. But there were not significant differences of GLT-1 immunoreactivities in dentate gyrus between the two groups above. Conclusion Early-onset sub-clinical seizures occur following the acute MCAO in rats, which should be related to the decreased expression of GLT-1 in CA_1 and CA_3 of hippocampus.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors associated with regional lymph node metastasis in colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 79 patients with colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors of regional lymph node metastasis were evaluated by multifactor Logistic regression analysis. Results The incidence of regional lymph node metastasis was 30.4% (24/79), among which para-intestinal lymph node metastasis was in 14 cases, mesenteric lymph node metastasis in 6 cases, and mesenteric root central lymph node metastasis in 4 cases. No patient was found to have skip metastasis and mesenteric root distant lymph node metastasis. The single factor analysis results showed that the tumor diameter, ulceration in mucous membrane, depth of invasion, pathological grading and invasion of lymphatic vessel were associated with regional lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm (P<0.05). The multifactor Logistic regression analysis results showed that the tumor diameter, pathological grading and invasion of lymphatic vessel were was associated with regional lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm (P<0.05). Conclusions The colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm patients with larger tumor diameter, G2 and G3 of pathological grading and invasion of lymphatic vessel have higher incidence of regional lymph node metastasis; the mesenteric lymph node and para-intestinal lymph node should be paid special attention to in radical resection.

Objective:To explore the multiple meditation effects of emotional intelligence and self-esteem between interpersonal initiative personality and social positive adaption in left-behind junior high school students.Methods:Totally 331 left-behind junior high school students [165 boys,160 girls,average age of (14.5 ± 1.2) years] were selected.They were assessed with the Interpersonal Self-Support Scale for Middle School Students (ISSS-MSS),Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (EIQ),Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Social Adjustment Scale (SAS-YB).Results:The scores of social positive adaption were positively correlated with the scores of interpersonal initiative personality,EIQ and RSES (r ＝ 0.47-0.67,Ps ＜ 0.001).Path analysis showed that interpersonal initiative personality had direct effects on social positive adaption (β ＝ 0.47,P ＜0.001).Mediation modeling showed that interpersonal initiative personality could exert effects on social positive adaption indirectly through the mediating effect of not only emotional intelligence,but also self-esteem (x2/df＝ 3.03,TLI ＝ 0.87,CFI ＝ 0.89,RMSEA ＝ 0.08).Conclusion:The present study indicates that parallel multiple mediation model of emotional intelligence and self-esteem could explain the mechanism of influence of interpersonal initiative personality on social positive adaption appropriately.

Genetically engineered mice is one of the powerful research systems in exploring the gene protein life phenomenon,which is useful in generating the laboratory animal model of human diseases and developing the new drugs. With the development of functional genomics and model organism in life science area, biological medicine research is in need of genetically engineered mice deadly. There are still some problems to be resolved, including death effect, no or low expression and no phenotype. It is essential to improve the basic research related to genetically engineered mice.

AIM To investigate if inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and adhesion molecules expression is a part of the mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 protecting from cerebral injury after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS Rats were pretreated with ginsenoside Rg1 25, 50 and 100 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig, for 7 d, respectively, then subjected to cerebral ischemia (middle cerebral artery occlusion) for 2 h and reperfusion for 22 h. The infarct volume and the neurological deficit were determined by TTC staining and Longa's scoring, respectively. The infiltration of neutrophils was evaluated by measuring the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO). The expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin were analyzed by Western blot. The permeability of the blood-brain barrier was evaluated by measurement of Evans blue content in brain tissue with spectrophotometer at 4 h after reperfusion. RESULTSCompared with vehicle-treated group, ginsenoside Rg1 (50 and 100 mg·kg-1·d-1) treatment significantly reduced infarct volume and elevated permeability of blood-brain barrier, alleviated the neurological deficit, and inhibited protein expressions of ICAM-1 and E-selectin in brain tissue. CONCLUSION Ginsenoside Rg1 has protective effects on cerebral injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion through inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and expression of the adhesion molecules.

Objectives To study health-related quality of life(HRQOL) of children with subclinical epileptiform electroencephalographic discharges.Methods Subjects were 30 children with subclinical epileptiform electroencephalographic discharges,50 children with clinical seizures,28 children without clinical seizures and 30 controls.Guardians completed a valid epilepsy-specific HRQOL questionnaire for children,the quality of life in children epilepsy questionnaire(QOLCE).Results Children with subclinical epileptiform electroencephalographic discharges have 8 subscales scores lower than control group,2 subscales scores higher than group with clinical seizures.Conclusions Quality of life of children with subclinical epileptiform electroencephalographic discharges is better than that of children with clinical seizures.However cognitive,behavior,daily life and social activity are impaired by subclinical epileptiform electroencephalographic discharges and lowered the HRQOL of children.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of splenectomy on hepatic fibrosis and on the expression of PDGF-B in the liver and PDGF-BB in the serum of rats with hepatic fibrosis. MethodsBy hypodermic injection CCl4, we established 65 rat models with hepatic fibrosis, splenectomies were performed in the three groups at different phases: before hypodermic injection CCl4 (A group), five weeks after hypodermic injection CCl4 (B group), and ten weeks hypodermic injection CCl4 (C group). The control groups were established at the same time, with samples of the livers and serum of the rats taken in different phases. The expressions of PDGF in the liver were detected by immunohistochemistry technique and the degree of hepatic fibrosis was detected by HE staining. The serum levels of PDGF-BB were analyzed by ELISA technique. ResultsAbsorbance values of PDGF-B in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control groups (P＜0. 05). Serum levels of PDGF-BB of the rats after splenectomy were significantly lower than those in the control groups (P＜0.05). HE and Masson's staining showed that the progression of Hepatic fibrosis was slow in the A group. Hepatic pathologic state was significantly relieved in the B group and the inflammation and fibrosis was relieved in the C group. Conclusion Earlier period splenectomy could delay the proceeding of experimental hepatic fibrosis. After splenectomy the decline in the level of PDGF may be one of the mechanisms causing the delay.