A near infrared (NIR) method for the detection of illegal addition of sildenafil citrate in capsules of Chinese traditional medicine was constructed. The diffuse reflectance near infrared spectra were recorded using integrated sphere and fiber optics respectively. Using the spectra of the sildenafil citrate standard as Reference spectra, the threshold of the correlation coefficient was set up based on the minimum effective concentration of the sildenafil citrate. By comparing the threshold with the correlation coefficient between the tested spectra and the Reference spectra in the selected spectral range, the tested sample contains sildenafil citrate is determined. For the integrated sphere method, the spectral range of 6070-5800 cm~(-1) and 4170-4070 cm~(-1) were selected, and 70% was set as threshold. For the fiber method, 6070-5800 cm~(-1) and 65% were used. 79 and 247 batches of the Chinese traditional medicines contained sildenafil citrate collected from the Chinese market were used to validate the two methods separately. The accuracy of the integrated sphere method was 91.14%, and that of f iber method was 87.45%.

Objective To observe the suppression of HBsAg and HBeAg expression by DNAzyme and LNAzyme located at HBV pre-area of HBV.Methods Eecoding sequence of(10-23 DNAzyme) thiolmodificated 10-23DNAzyme and LNAzyme that were directed against Pre C/C region of HBV were designed and synthesized.Experimental groups and control groups were set up.The experimental groups included 10-23 DNAzyme group,(S-10-23) DNAzyme group and LNAzyme group.The control groups include blank control group,simple lipofectamine group,simple 10-23DNAzyme group and random 10-23 DNAzyme group.In the dosege of 0.16,0.64,1.28,1.60,(1.92 ?mol?L~(-1)) and the time of 12,24,36,48,60,72,84 and 96 h,the suppression of HBsAg and HBeAg expression by 10-23 DNAzyme and LNAzyme in 2.2.15 cells were studied.Results The suppression of HBsAg and HBeAg expression by 10-23 DNAzyme and LNAzyme in 2.2.15 cells were significant.The inhibitory effects caused by LNAzyme was more significant than that by thiolmodified 10-23 DNAzyme whose inhibitory effects were more significant than that of 10-23 DNAzyme.The inhibitory rates of LNAzyme and 10-23 DNAzyme thiolmodification reached(91.6?8.4)%,(78.4?2.0)% on HBsAg,respectivelly and(90.1?5.2)%,(76.4?4.8)% on HBeAg.The inhibitory effects of LNAzyme and thiolmodification of 10-23 DNAzyme were found 12 h after they were added to 2.2.15 cells,and optimized at 48 h,effective inhibitory time for LNAzyme was 84 h,for thiolmodification 10-23 DNAzyme was 72 h.Addition of LNAzyme and 10-23 DNAzyme to 2.2.15 cells didn′t exert cytotoxicity.Conclusion 10-23 DNAzyme and LNAzyme have demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on the HBsAg and HBeAg expressions in 2.2.15 cells.Morever,the inhibitory effects of LNAzyme is more significant than that of DNAzyme.LNAzyme is a specific anti-HBV therapeutic agent.

Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of the biologic ethology effects of NGF and SP(substance P)on primary cultured adrenaline medullary chromaffin cells(AMCC).Methods To establish primary cultured AMCC by means of enzyme digestion and purify the cells by means of isopycnic gradient centrifugation and differential plating.To observe the morphological and ultrastructural changes after the addition of NGF and SP,and detect the concentration of adrenaline and noradrenaline in serum by ELISA.Results Confervaceous processes could be observed after 2 d of addition of NGF to the culture and the processes strenched longer as days went by the observation of electron microscopy.there are some drumstick-like and villiform processes in the cell membrane and some vesiculation be observed near the cell membrane of the primary cultured AMCC cells after the addition of NGF.The bioblast was abundant but the structure was not clear in the intracytoplasm and the concentration of adrenaline were decreased(P

Objective Investigate the postmortem stability of the six immunohistochemical markers of fibronectin(Fn),fibrinogen(Fg),C5 complement(C5), myoglobin(Mb), actin(HHF35)and desmin(Dm)for the postmortem diagnosis of myocardial infarction.Method The areas of depletion ofMb、HHF35 and Dm,and the positive reaction areas of Fn、Fg and C5 in the ischemic myocardium were studied with immunohistochemistry,image analysis technique and statistical system.The postmortem stability of the six immunohistochemical markers was compared.Results The specimens of normal myocardium kept at 4℃ for 1 to 2 days showed homogenous brown reactions for Dm, HHF35 and Mb; depletion of Dm, HHF35 and Mb became evident when these specimens were kept at 4℃ for 3 days postmortem, and the depletion area increased with the lapse of postmortem interval; the depletion area of Dm, HHF35 and Mb in ischemic myocardial tissues also increased with the lapse of postmortem interval;the positive reaction areas of Fg, C5 and Fn in ischemic myocardial tissues decreased with the lapse of postmortem interval.Fg became negative when the ischemic myocardium were kept at 4℃ for 2 weeks postmortem,C5 became negative when kept at 4℃ for 3 weeks postmortem,but Fn remained positive when kept at 4℃ for 4 weeks postmortem.No positive reactions for Fg,C5 and Fn could be found in normal myocardium when kept at 4℃ for different time intervals. The image analysis result showed that the positive reaction areas decreased with the lapse of postmortem interval. Conclusion The Dm and HHF35, Mb showed least postmortem stability, easily influenced by autolysis, only suitable for detection in fresh corpses(1to 2dayspostmortem) ;Fgislittlebitbetter,suitableforcorpsesat4℃ 1weekpostmortem ;C5isbet ter,suitableforcorpsesat 4℃ 2weekspostmortem ;Fnisthebestmarker ,suitableforcorpsesat 4℃ 4 weekspostmortem .

We reported a case of a work-related accident involving periorbital and intraorbital metal foreign bodies. The patient was a 43-year-old woman whose nasal dorsum was struck while she was sawing wood with nails. X-ray plain films of skull bone and computed tomographic scan of nasal sinus revealed two 5-mm-long metal objects lodged in right lacrimal sac and medial bulbar space of the right orbit. No deficits were noted in her visual acuities, visual fields, and ocular movements. Based on accurate positioning by imaging examination, transnasal endoscopic removal of metal foreign bodies was successfully accomplished. The patient recovered well without any complications after surgery.
Adult ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Nose ; Orbit ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Skull

Objective To explore effect of different withdrawal time of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on the quality of general anesthesia recovery.Methods Eighty patients of ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ undergoing lymph surgery were randomly assigned to four groups (n =20).Groups D1,D2 and D3 received DEX 0.5 μg/kg as bolus before induction,continued with 0.5 μg/(kg · h) by infusion until one hour,30 min before the end of operation and the end of operation,respectively.Group C received equal volume of normal saline.Mean artery pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR) and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) were observed during and after operation.Spontaneous respiration recovery time,eyes open time,extubation time,orientation recovery time,observer's assessment of alertness/sedation score (OAA/S),restlessness score (RS),and visual analogue scales (VAS) were observed after operation.Results For MAP and HR in Groups D2 and D3,there were no statistically significant difference during extubation compared to those at preoperation,but at the same time point,they were lower than those in group C (P ＜ 0.05).For groups C and D1,MAP and HR at extubation and 5 min after extubation were higher than those at preoperation (P ＜0.05).Spontaneous respiration recovery time,eyes open time,extubation time,orientation recovery time in group D3 were significantly longer than those in Group C (P ＜ 0.05),while there were no statistically significantly difference between groups D1,D2,and group C.OAA/S in group D3 was significantly lower than that in group C (P ＜ 0.05) at extubation.Incidence of restlessness,VAS,and cases given analgesic 2 hours after operation in groups D2 and D3 were significantly lower than those in groups C and D1.Compared to those in group C,dosages of propofol and remifentanil in groups D2 and D3 were significantly lower.Conclusions Dexmedetomidine administered of 0.5 μg/kg before induction,continued with infusion of 0.5 μg/(kg · h) until 30 min before the end of operation,may improve emergence,without influencing the awakening time of patients,and prolong the duration time of analgesia which comfort the patients.

Objective To explore the relationships of depression status of medical college students with their automatic thoughts and personality. Methods A total of 1 440 medical college students were tested by self-rating depression scale (SDS), automatic thoughts questionnaire (ATQ) and Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ). Results ①27.5% medical college students had different degree depressive mood. ② Compared with the non-depression group students, the depression group had higher scores in ATQ, EPQ-N(neurosism) and EPQ-P(psychoticism), lower scores in EPQ-E(extroversion), EPQ-L(lie) (P

Objective To analyze the clinical and histological features of drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis (DI-AIH).Methods From January 2008 to June 2011,five patients with auto-immune hepatitis (AIH),having a definitive history of medicine taking prior to the onset of disease and accepted liver biopsy were retrospectively analyzed.The general information was collected,which included gender,age,onset of the disease,medication,clinical manifestations,treatment and follow-up.The laboratory findings were also collected,which included total bilirubin (TBil),direct bilirubin (DBil),alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT),globulin,γ-globulin percentage,albumin (Alb),eosinophils,antinuclear antibodies,antimitochondrial antibodies,anti-smooth muscle antibodies and the type of live injury.The liver tissue sections of patients were stained with hematoxylin-eosinstaining (HE) and reticular fiber staining and then pathological changes were observed.Patients with DI-AIH were scored with AIH scoring scale.Results All five patients with DI-AIH were female,average age was 48.0--+7.5.Prior to the onset of disease,all patients had taken Chinese traditional medicine.Anorexia and fatigue were the most common clinical symptoms.Among laboratory findings,the level of ALT ((795.0+467.4) U/L),AST ((730.44-451.5) U/L),TBil ((80.3-+ 64.1) μmol/L) and DBil ((65.2 +_ 58.0) μmol/L) significantly increased.One patient was antinuclear antibody positive.One patient had drug-induced liver injury,pathological features were spotty necrosis of liver cells,liver tissue eosinophil infiltration and liver cell microbubble type degeneration.All the patients had interface hepatitis,periportal infiltration of lymphocytes or lymphocytes-plasma cells,liver cells adjacent to lesion showed rosette-like structure.All the patients received glucocorticoid treatment.After glucocorticoid withdrawal,the liver function was normal during the follow-up period.Conclusion There are no specificity of clinical manifestations,laboratory findings and histological features in patients with DI-AIH.

Adrenal Medulla ; cytology ; secretion ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Catecholamines ; secretion ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromaffin Cells ; cytology ; secretion ; Primary Cell Culture

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain against unwanted substances, while, at the same time, limits the transport of many drugs into the brain. Aromatic refreshing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can induce resuscitation and modify the permeability of BBB, promoting other drugs entering into the brain with brain protection effect. This paper mainly reviews the research progress in regulation effects and mechanism of usual aromatic refreshing TCM, such as borneol, moschus, styrax, benzoinum and Tatarinow Sweetflag Rhizome, on BBB permeability. To broaden the application of these drugs in modern pharmaceutics in the future, the relatively research should emphasis on combining aromatic refreshing TCM with new formulations and technologies in pharmaceutics, providing novel promising strategies for brain diseases therapy.
Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Permeability ; drug effects