Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of emodin on hetertransplanted human bladder cancer in nude mice and explore its mechanism.Methods Heterotransplanted models of human bladder cancer cell line BIU87 cells in nude mice were established.The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups during the experiment:blank control group,Z-VAD-FMK group,emodin group and emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group.The growth of tumors was observed and the growth curve was mapped.The nude mice were sacrificed 4 weeks later,the tumors were isolated and weighed.The pathological changes of tumor were observed after HE staining,the cells apoptosis were detected with flow cytometry,and the expression of AIF and Endo G were examined by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot.Results The tumor growth rate in emodin group was lower than that in the other three groups.The tumor quality in emodin group [(0.41 ± 0.05 ) g] and emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group [( 0.69 ±0.07)g]were lighter than that in the other two groups[(1.08 ±0.13,1.04 ±0.09)g,],and the differences were statistically significant( F =90.56,27.49,P ＜0.01 ).The quality difference in emodin group and emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group was statistically significant ( t =10.01,P ＜ 0.01 ).The apoptosis rate in emodin group [(42.71 ±2.69)％]was significantly higher than that in emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group[(34.38 ± 1.73)％] ( t =6.38,P ＜0.01 ).The expression of AIF and Endo G in emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group was significantly increased than other groups [( 1.65 ±0.12)vs(1.24±0.08),(0.51 ±0.07),(0.48 ±0.04);(2.12 ±0.16)vs(1.75 ±0.13),(0.57 ±0.06),(0.59±0.07);(2.42±0.13)vs(1.73 ±0.11),(0.78 ±0.07),(0.75 ±0.08);(3.13 ±0.25)vs(2.15± 0.18 ),(0.85 ± 0.09 ),(0.81 ± 0.14 )],and the differences were significant ( F =303.22,319.32,409.38,258.53,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions Emodin could significantly inhibit the growth of hetertransplanted human bladder cancer in nude mice.The mechanism might be partly due to the expression increase of AIF and Endo G in bladder cancer cells,which might induce apoptosis through Caspase-independent pathway.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Fasciitis, Plantar ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged

ObjectiveTo study the suppressive role of emodin on the growth and its effect on the proliferation cycle and apoptosis of human bladder cancer cell line BIU87.MethodsThe effect of different concentration of emodin at different time point on cell proliferation of BIU87 were measured with methylthiazole (MTT) chromatometry, the cell proliferation cycle were detected with flow cytometry, expressions of bc1-2 and caspase-3 were detected by SP of immunohistochemistry.ResultsWithin a certain range, the higher concentration of emodin (10 ～ 80 μg/ml) and the longer action time are positive related the more significant inhibition of tumor cell growth and the higher apoptosis rate [(9.84 ± 1.13)％, (18.32 ±2.14)％ ,(29.73+1.42)％ ,(42.13 +2.36)％ ,respectively].Compared with control group [(2.01 ±0.92)％], the differences were statistically significant(F =531.85, P ＜0.01).Emodin could inhibit the proliferation of human bladder cancer cell BIU87 by blocking BIU87 cell in G0/G1 stage, thus cut down cell proportion in stage of S [(33.27 +1.26)％ ,(29.17 ±1.39)％, (16.94 ±0.86)％ ,(10.85 ± 1.47)％,respectively], compared with the control group [(35.45 ± 0.38) ％], the differences were statistically significant(F =524.64, P ＜0.01).After 48 h of emodin treatment, the bc1-2 expression(Grayscale values:122.65 + 2.12,131.37 ± 1.62,134.81 ± 1.36,145.55 ± 2.01, respectively) was decreased and the caspase-3 expression(Grayscale values : 135.26 + 1.41,130.22 ± 1.74,126.11 ± 1.77,118.36 + 1.53, respectively) was increased in a dose dependent manner.Compared with control group (Grayseale values:108.42 + 3.73,149.35 ± 1.82, respectively), the differences were statistically significant (F = 216.23,224.83, P ＜0.01).ConclusionsEmodin could significantly inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis of BIU87 cells in vitro, which may be through down regulation of bc1-2, and up regulation of caspase-3, and blocking BIU87 cell in G0/G1 stage.

Objective To study the effects of emodin on apoptosis and mRNA and protein of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and Endonuclease G (Endo G) in human bladder cancer cells BIU87,and to investigate the anticancer mechanism of emodin. Methods The BIU87 cells were divided into 4 groups,control group,Z-VAD-FMK group,emodin group,emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group.The effects of different concentrations of emodin at different action time on cells proliferation of BIU87 in vitro culture were measured by methylthiazole (MTT) chromatometry,the cells apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry,and expression of AIF and Endo G were examined by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot.Results MTT assay demonstrated that the higher concentration of emodin and the longer action time,the more significant inhibition of tumor cell growth.Based on the IC50 value,80 μmol/L and 72 h of emodin intervention were selected as an intervention condition.The apoptosis rate in emodin group (44.57 ± 1.52 ) ％was significantly higher than that in emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group (35.58 ± 1.61 ) ％ ( P ＜0.01).RT-PCR and Western blot showed that the mRNA and protein of AIF in emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group,emodin group,control group,Z-VAD-FMK group were ( 1.74 ± 0.11 ) and (2.59 ±0.13),(1.36±0.08) and (1.89±0.14),(0.37 ±0.02) and (0.53±0.11),(0.42 ±0.06) and (0.44 ± 0.07),respectively.There were significant differences between emodin group and the other groups (P ＜0.01 ).The mRNA and protein of Endo G in emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group,emodin group,control group,Z-VAD-FMK group were (2.28±0.15) and (3.31 ±0.36),(1.85 ±0.13) and (2.15 ±0.27),(0.53 ±0.07) and (0.71 ±0.16),(0.61 ±0.04) and (0.67 ±0.22),respectively.The differences were significant between emodin group and the other groups ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Coneltusion Emodin can upgrade the expression of AIF and Endo G in bladder cancer cells BIU87,which can induce apoptosis through Caspase-independent pathway.

Objective To explore the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2(TIMP-2) in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases(COPD) and the association of smoking and TIMP-2 mRNA. Methods The expression of TIMP-2 mRNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) in 44 patients with COPD and 42 healthy smokers.The correlation analysis was then conducted between TIMP-2 mRNA expression and smoking index. Results The expression of TIMP-2 mRNA was 0.753?0.154 and 1.170?0.196,respectively,in patients with COPD and healthy smokers(P

Objective To estimate the effects of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on blood pressure (BP) of children and adolescents by using meta-analysis. Methods The articles of the randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) on the DASH diet were collected and selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the blood pressure change associated with DASH diet in children and adolescents. Results Eight RCT papers involving experimental group for 838 and the control group for 1 222 were included. All the papers had high methodological quality. According to comparative analysis between the lowest tertiles of DASH Score and highest tertiles of DASH Score, the DASH-style pattern led to lower systolic BP(SBP) (WMD=-2.29 mmHg, 95%CI:-3.20--1.38) (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)and diastolic BP(DBP) (WMD=-2.18 mmHg, 95%CI:-3.00--1.35) levels. Comparing with pre-DASH diet, the DASH diet was more effective in lowing SBP (WMD=-5.83 mmHg, 95%CI:-9.55--2.11)and DBP(WMD=-2.78 mmHg, 95%CI:-4.74--0.83). Comparing with the routine care (RC), the DASH diet was proved more effective than RC in lowing SBP(WMD=-4.98 mmHg, 95%CI:-7.37--2.59) and DBP(WMD=-1.47 mmHg, 95%CI:-2.53--0.41) in children and adolescents. The DASH diet was more effective in lowing SBP(WMD=-3.25 mmHg, 95%CI:-5.46--1.05)than DBP in children and adolescents. Conclusion This research suggested that DASH diet had a positive clinical efficacy on blood pressure in children and adolescents, and caused a greater decrease in SBP than in DBP.

Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism in estrogen metabolizing genes CYP17、CYP19 and breast cancer susceptibility.Methods A case-control study was performed.PCR-base restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)and short tandem repeat polymorphism(STRP)assay were used to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism of CYP17、CYP19 in 213 breast cancer cases and 430 matched controls.Resuits CYP17 A2/A2 genotype was found in 6.7%of breast cancer cases,which was significantly higher(P＜0.05)than that in controls(2.4%);the frequency of A2 allele of CYP17 was 16.2%in breast cancer cases,which was significantly higher(P＜0.05)than that in controls(10.6%).There Was alSO significant difference in the frequency of(TTTA)10allele of CYP19 which was 12.4%in breast cancer cases and 8.2%in controls(P=0.02).Conclusions The allele of CYP17 A2 and CYP19(TTTA)10 and CYP17 A2/A2 genotype were positively associated with the susceptibility of breast cancer.

Objective To obtain the full-length cDNA sequences of CYP2E1,CYP2D5,ECHS1,which may be related with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,from Microtus fortis.Methods To construct Microtus fortis liver cDNA plasmid library using SMART technique,to get the purposed colonies through screening libraries by PCR,and to obtain their full-length cDNA sequences by sequencing with pBluescript II SK universal primers M13R.Results Three full-length cDNA sequences of Microtus fortis,CYP2E1,CYP2D5 and ECHS1 were obtained.The CYP2E1 cDNA was 1685 bp in length and contained a 1482 bp open reading frame(ORF) encoding a 494 amino acids.The CYP2D5 cDNA was 1690 bp in length,and contained a 1514 bp ORF encoding 504 amino acids.The ECHS1 cDNA was 1013 bp in length,and containsed an 873 bp ORF encoding 290 amino acids.Sequence analysis revealed that the identity of the three cDNA sequences and deduced amino acids among Microtus fortis,Homo sapiens,Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus was high.Conclusion The full-length cDNA sequences of CYP2E1,CYP2D5,ECHS1 were obtained from Microtus forti,liver cDNA library.and the gene sequences have been deposited in GenBank (GQ507485,GQ507486,GQ845171),which may lay the foundation for researchies of pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Microtus fortis models.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of skin scraping plus movable cupping in treating neck-shoulder syndrome. Method One hundred and eighty patients with neck-shoulder syndrome were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups. The treatment group received skin scraping plus movable cupping and the control group, acupuncture. Result The total efficacy rate was 88.8% in the treatment group and 77.5% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Skin scraping plus movable cupping has a good therapeutic effect on neck-shoulder syndrome.

Objective To explore the mechanical properties of the hybrid patch made of porcine acellular small intestinal submucosa (P-SIS) and polydioxanone (PDO) and its effect on repairing the abdominal wall defects of rats.Methods The PDOSIS patch and 8SIS patch were constructed by weaving and vacuum lamination and the mechanical properties were measured.In the both sides of abdomen of 36 healthy female SD rats,a partially defect (lcm × lcm) was created by surgery and repaired with a same area of PDO-SIS patch or 8SIS patch,each 12 rats were randomly sacrificed at 2,4 and 8 weeks after surgery,respectively,and tissue regeneration was evaluated.Results The bending length and tensile strength of the PDO-SIS patch were stronger than the 8SIS patch (P＜0.05) with the increase of diameter.No acute inflammation occurred at the repaired sites of the two groups,but a moderate chronic inflammation was observed 2 weeks after surgery,and the inflammatory response reduced gradually over time,no obvious chronic inflammation was found in the 8th week after surgery,with no statistical differences between the two groups (P＞0.05).Two patch materials were degraded gradually in the repaired area,and the regenerated collagen tissues were deposited continuously,but no significant differences existed between the two groups in the collagen content and collagen arrangement (P＞0.05).Conclusion The PDO-SIS patch has better mechanical properties than the 8SIS patch,and does not cause strong immune rejection when used to repair abdominal partially defect of SD rats.