Melatonin is a bioactive substance primarily secreted by the pineal gland.Increasing evidences indicate that melatonin is effective in reducing breast cancer development.Melatonin exerts its anticarcinogenic actions through a variety of mechanisms.Melatonin suppresses estrogen receptor gene,modulates several estrogen dependent signal transductions,inhibits cell proliferation and impairs the metastatic capacity and so on.It has been suggested that enhanced endogenous melatonin secretion or melatonin treatment is beneficial for breast cancer patients.This review describes the mechanisms of melatonin on breast cancer and its possible application.

Objective:To establish a determination method for syringin, ferulic acid and salvianolic acid B in Huoluo Xiaotong tabletsbyHPLC.Methods:ThecolumnwasKromasilC18(150mm×4.6mm,5 μm),themobilephasewasmethanol-0.2% phos-phoric acid solution with gradient elution at the flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 , the detection wavelengths were 265nm for Sgnigin, 321nm for Ferulic acid and 286nm for Salvianolic acid B. The column temperature was 25℃. Results: Syringin, ferulic acid and salvianolic acid B showed good linear relationship within the range of 64. 500-1. 032 × 103 , 7. 525-120. 400, 65. 250-1. 044 × 103 μg·ml-1 with the average recovery of 100. 75%, 99. 56% and 99. 75%, respectively. Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and rapid.

Malignant lymphoma is a common malignancy. From the perspective of the traditional Chinese medi-cine (TCM), the etiology and pathogenesis of malignant lymphoma are related to dampness, phlegm, toxicity, stasis and deficiency. Basic TCM principles for lymphoma syndrome differentiation and treatment are to strengthen the body resistance and eliminate pathogenic factors. Eliminating dampness, dissolving phlegm, detoxification, dissolv-ing stasis and strengthening body resistance are the principal TCM therapeutic methods for lymphoma treatment. Contemporary TCM physicians have developed Yi-Hua decoction, Zi-Niu powder, Ke-Liu capsule, Wu's Xiao-Liu powder and other herbal formulas, and 37 patents based on Chinese herbs and or herbal components. The effective mechanisms of TCM treatment for lymphoma are involved in inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis, and regulating immune function. There is a great need to study anti-cancer herbs for lymphoma treat-ment.

Objective To study the effect of arsenic trioxide(As 2O 3) combin ed w ith radiation on the killing of ovarian cancer cells. Methods Using MTT and FCM to detect the cytotoxic and apoptosis at different As 2O 3 concentrations combined with 2 an d 8 ?Gy radiation on ovarian cancer cells(SKOV-3). Radiation survival curves were det ermined by cloning assay with 5?mol/L As 2O 3 combined with 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12?Gy radiation. Curve was used to evaluate the effect of cell killing. Results ⑴ Inhibition of cell proliferation seemed more dependent on the increase of As 2O 3 concentration, ⑵Cell survival rate was lower in the combination of As 2O 3 an d r adiation than As 2O 3 alone, ⑶The apoptosis ratio was increased in 2?Gy and As 2O 3 with increase in As 2O 3 concentration, ⑷D q , D 2 value was decr eased in t he combined As 2O 3 and radiation than radiation only (D q: 1.44 vs 2.78, D 0: 0.85 vs 1.30, SF 2: 0.42 vs 0.87), with radiation enhancement ratio of 1.53 and 2.0 7 according to D 0 value and SF 2. Conclusions Arsenic trioxide is able to enhanc e radiation effect obviously ,especially at lower radiation dose.

Objective To evaluate the MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) diagnosis for cholangitis caused by clonorchis sinensis. Methods Fifty-four cases with cholangitis caused by clonorchis sinensis were examined by MRCP (3D FASE-Heavy T 2WI sequence). The results of MRCP were compared with that of ERCP, laparoscopy, and pathology. Results The diagnostic accuracy for the cause of the disease was 88.9%. Main findings on MRCP included slight dilation of the intra-hepatic biliary duct ( n =46), small cystiform dilation of peripheral biliary ending ( n =43), extra-hepatic biliary dilations ( n =15) and strictures ( n =19), and low signal intensity filling defect in the common bile duct and gallbladder ( n =6). Conclusion MRCP of biliary tree images can be obtained with 3D FASE Heavy T 2WI sequence in considerable details. The characteristic of the cholangitis caused by clonorchis sinensis on MRCP was the slight dilation or stricture of extensive intra-hepatic biliary duct, combined with small cystiform dilation of peripheral biliary ending. MRCP was an ideal technique in diagnosing the disease.

Raltitrexed is a specific inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (TS),which has significant antitumor activity.Overseas and domestic researches show that raltitrexed can be widely applied in clinical treatment for colorectal cancer patients because it is effective,well-tolerated and convenient.

Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are T lymphocytes which have natural killer cell activity and antitumor activity.It is found that CIK cells play an important role in killing tumor cells by secreting cytotoxic granules and cytokines,activating NKG2D receptor and regulating oncogene expression.CIK cells can not only kill the tumor cells,but also can improve immune system and the quality of life of patients.A large number of studies have shown that CIK treatment is a new mode of cancer treatment without obvious adverse reactions and can be widely applied in clinical treatment.

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) are autoimmune disorders.The incidence and morbidity of coronary artery disease are much higher in patients with RA and SLE than in the general population.Traditional cardiovascular risk factors do not fully explain the excessive cardiovascular events.Some new factors,such as high cysteine,insulin resistance,metabolic syndrome and inflammation,may play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis.Inflammatory response,endothelial damage and autoantibodies may be associated with the pathogenic mechanism.This review provides an overview of atherosclerosis in RA and SLE.

Objective To observe the characterization of fat emboli in cardiac chamber in pig model and the patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty(THA) by transesophageal echocardiography(TEE). Methods Different dose of fatty liquid was injected slowly via the internal jugular vein. The changes of the image were observed by continuous TEE. The lethal dose of fat embolism was recorded. Twenty-two patients underwent TEE during THA. Gray scale and echo intensity of fat embolism in right atrium were studied quantitatively in varied periods of the operation. Results With the increase of fat liquid injected in pig model, the strong- echo particles in right atrium and ventricle became more and more, the imaging of the particles was from “moving star”, “shower-like” to “snow fluffy”, at last paradoxical fat embolism occurred when the dose of fat liquid was over 4 ml. The accumulated lethal dose of fat embolism was 15.8 ～ 27.8 ml.②Fat emboli appeared as strong- echo particles in right atrium were found in different period of THA. Average gray scale and echo intensity of emboli in right atrium were significantly higher in period B than in other periods during THA. Conclusions Fat emboli in cardiac chamber can be found sensitively by TEE. Intra-operative monitoring and quantitative analysis is helpful to identifying fat embolism syndrome.Paradoxical embolism is a reliable evidence of fat embolism syndrome.

Objective To investigate the methods and strategies of therapeutic ERCP in patients with duodenum stricture.Methods Endoscopic procedure,success rate and complications in patients with duodenum stricture who underwent ERCP were retrospectively analyzed.Results In 7276 patients who underwent therapeutic ERCP,duodenum stricture was found in 158 (2.17％),patients with malignant tumor infiltration in 120 and benign stricture in 38.The total success rate of ERCP and biliary drainage was 84.2％,with posture change or guidewire leading method in 96 patients,stylolitic water sac dilation in 33and duodenum metal stent placement before biliary drainage in 4.The procedure was failed in 25 patients.Minor bleeding occurred in 5 patients and no major complication including massive bleeding or perforation was observed.Conclusion ERCP is safe,effective and feasible for patients with duodenum stricture,which can be performed by posture change or guidewire leading method in mild stricture,and stylolitic water sac dilation or duodenum metal stent placement in severe stricture.