Sepsis,a common clinical syndrome,comparing to septicaemia or bacteremia,has a more comprehensive pathophysiological process.Its pathogenesis is complex,including pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine imbalance,intestinal bacterial translocation,immunosuppression,signal pathway activation,etc.Further study on the pathogenesis of sepsis is the theory foundation to explore the new method of sepsis.The diagnosis of sepsis pathogenesis,treatment principles and common virus infection induced sepsis are reviewed in this paper.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fatty Liver ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; trends

BACKGROUND:Chronic ankle instability affects normal life severely. Therefore, chronic ankle instability causes more and more attention of experts, and choice of reasonable and effective diagnosis and targeted treatment method for chronic ankle instability in early stage has become an important issue in the clinic.
OBJECTIVE:To review literature research on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic ankle instability in recent years, and to provide reference and evaluation criteria for the diagnosis and reasonable and effective treatment of chronic ankle instability in clinical practice.
METHODS:We searched PubMed database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database and VIP database for clinical and basic experimental research on chronic ankle instability. Keywords were“chronic ankle, instability, diagnosis, rehabilitation exercises, surgery methods, research progress”in Chinese and“chronic ankle, instability, diagnosis, rehabilitation exercises, surgical methods, research”in English. Total y 40 literatures were analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Because of the special anatomical features and biomechanical advantages of the ankle, we should first consider the early diagnosis and effective treatment in chronic ankle instability patients. The treatment should focus on the anatomic characteristics, biomechanic characteristics, etiology of chronic ankle and diagnostic methods of the ankle joint. Conservative treatment and rehabilitation exercises after surgery play a major role in the recovery of chronic ankle instability. The use of balance board, tilting board, and climbing machines is an effective rehabilitation exercises for chronic ankle instability. The application of AOFOS-hind foot and ankle fibula reaction time is important for the assessment of functional recovery of the ankle joint. The emergence of arthroscope is an important clinical research direction of ankle surgery. This plays a significant effect on the treatment of chronic ankle instability.

Background and purpose: Mouse osteosarcoma model was widely used in osteogenic malignant tumor research, and it was helpful for studying the invasion and metastasis of the tumor cells when it was well marked in vivo. The purpose of this study was to establish mouse sarcoma cell lines (S180) that were infected with enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP). Methods: EGFP-S180 expressing strong EGFP fluorescence was acquired by electroblot, and supplemented with G418 (800 mg/mL), c-Myc was detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Meanwhile, the cancer-bearing model was established subcutaneously within the abdominal cavity. Results: EGFP-S 180 cells were cloned. There was no significantly difference between c-Myc expressions in S180 cells and those in EGFP-S180 cells (P>0.05), and between the cancer-bearing time subcutaneously and the time within abdominal cavity (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to in vitro and in vivo assay, it showed that EGFP-expressing S180 cells could be used for studying further the tumor biological behavior with fluorescence technology.

Objective To analyze the concentration changes of serum hypoxia stress peptide (HSP)and plasma nitrogen monoxidum(NO)in the entering mountain rapidly man and to explore the importance of HSP and NO in adaptation of man to altitude hypoxia.Methods The levels of serum HSP and plasma NO2-/NO3-were measured from 106 entering mountain rapidly men,105 altitude in habitant,105 altitude immigrant and 104 plain healthy controls,respectively by chromatometry and NO2-/NO3-reagent.Furthermore,the content of serum HSP was determined in 106 entering mountain rapidly men,respectively at the time of 24 h,48 h,76 h,l week and 1 month after entering mountain.Results The level of serum HSP was significantly higher in entering mountain rapidly men than in habitant,immigrant and plain controls(P＜0.05),while there was no statistical difference between in habitant,immigrant and plain controls(P＞0.05).At 24h after entering mountain rapidly,the level of serum HSP was significantly increased and reached the peak.At 48h and 76h,it was slightly decreased,but still maintained a high level.At 1 week and 1 month,it gradually and significantly went down,but was still significantly higher than that in plain controls.Similarly,the level of plasma NO2-/NO3-was significantly elevated in entering mountain rapidly man,compared with inhabitant,immigrant and plain controls(P＜0.05).It was lower in inhabitants and immigrants than plain controls,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion The present results demonstrated that the levels of serum HSP and plasma NO were significantly up-regulated in healthy adults after en tcring mountain rapidly in order to adapt to altitude stress,and restored gradually to the normal level as time went by.

Objective To screen the prevalence of nutritional risk in cirrhotic inpatients by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) and explore the relationship between nutritional risks and outcomes.Methods NRS 2002 was used to identify the nutritional risk of 200 cirrhotic inpatients between May 2010 and May 2011.The Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) grade,fatality,complications,and length of stay within 6 months were followed up to explore the relationship between nutritional risks and outcomes.Results The prevalence of nutritional risk screened by NRS 2002 was 53.5％ in cirrhotic patients.The prevalence of nutritional risk was 39.0％,59.4％,and 60.0％ respectively in patients with CTP grade A,B,and C (P =0.029).Compared with those without nutritional risks,patients with nutritional risks had significantly higher incidences of complications and fatality (P =0.000 and 0.013) and longer hospital stay (P =0.001).Conclusion The nutritional risk increases along with the CTP grade.Patients with nutritional risks tend to have poorer outcomes.The influence of nutrition support on the outcome of patients with liver diseases needs further research.

Hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury is a main cause to neonatal death and children neural handicap,and therapeutic efficacy is bad for the completely injured nerve cells.The development research of mesenchymal cells transplantation has a good prospect to treat this disease.

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a term that describes a novel form of angiogenesis, channels of which are patterned networks of interconnected loops of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive extracellular matrix forming by highly aggressive tumor cells instead of endothelial cells. VM is closely correlated with the invasiveness, metastasis and prognosis of related tumors. However, traditional anti-vascular therapies aiming at endothelial cells have no remarkable effects on malignant tumor with VM. Therefore, VM should be an important factor to consider in design of anti-angiogenesis therapies of highly aggressive tumors and it is expected to become a potential target for tumor therapy. Some recent progresses of anti- vasculogenic mimicry therapy are reviewed in this article.

Glutamate is the primary excitatory amino acid in the mammal brain. Glutamate transporters perform the regulation of glutamate levels in synaptic cleft. If the glutamate transporters should not be expressed, stopped working, or gone into reverse releasing glutamate from the cytoplasm, there would be an extracellular build up of glutamate. Defective glutamate uptake has been suggested to be important in connection with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.