Objective To investigate the influence of plasmid spread and ampD mutation to Enterobacter cloacae that leads to the AmpC β-lactamase change from inducible type to constitutive type. Methods The Enterobacter cloacae were isolated from the patients with nosocomial infection. The inducible type isolations and their constitutive type changers were put into the same group. The plasmid ampC gene and chromatin ampD gene in pairs in each group were amplified, sequenced and compared. Results Of 195 patients infected by Enterobacter cloacae of inducible type, 25 (12.82%) were changed to the ones of constitutive high type. In these 25 changed groups, 10 were caused by plasmid spread, 10 by ampD mutation, 1 by both, and 4 by neither. Twelve changed constitutive type strains had ampD significant mutations, in which 7 were frame-shift mutations and 5 were spot mutations. Conclusions The change ratio of Enterobacter cloacae from inducible type to constitutive type is rather high. Both plasmid spread and ampD mutation are possibly the mechanism of such change. Plasmid mediated AmpC β-lactamase spreads among different species and interregionally. The mutation rate of chromatin ampD gene is also higher than the natural mutation rate. These two mechanisms should be considered in clinical treatment.

0.05),and T max had signif?icant differences(P

Objective To reveal the influence factor of ampD specific mutation on the transformation of AmpC β-lactamase from non-high-productive type to derepressed the high-productive type in Enterobacter cloacae. Methods The selected cbromatin-mediated derepressed high-productive strains of Enterobacter cloacae and genomic DNA were extracted, and genomic ampD was amplified by using PCR, and then sequenced and confirmed by specific mutation. Use site-directed mutagenesis to mutate the wild-type Enterobacter cloacae for the above site. The changes of AmpCβ-lactamase types were detected by the improved Cefotaxime three-dimensional test. Results Of the 121 strains of Enterobacter cloacae,15 strains were ehromatin-mediated derepressed high-productive type,8 strains had significant mutations and 7 strains of site-directed mutagenesis were established. Ecl MA(274 inser-ting A)、Ecl MC(327 missing C)and Ecl MF(27 inserting G)were changed from non-high-productive type to derepressed-high-pro-ductive type,but Ecl MB(371 inserting T), Ecl MD(515 missing C), Ecl ME(324 C→A), Ecl MG(238C→A 302T→A)did not change in AmpC β-lactamase types. Conclusion The significant mutations that could lead to the transformation of AmpC β-lacta-mase were the Frame-shift mutations that could create the change of large region of amino acid. However, other mechanisms for the derepressed high-productive AmpC β-lactamase were not excluded in the study.

Objective:To study the effect of gypenosides (GPs) on the hepatic function and fibrosis progression in Wistar rats with immune fibrosis. Methods: The model of immune fibrosis was established by injection of human albumin. Rats in treated group were also administered with 0. 5 mg GPs during 30 d human albumin attack. The hepatic function of rats was e-valuated by determining the levels of ALT, TBIL and TBA in serum. The progression of hepatic fibrosis was evaluated by the levels of HA, PC Ⅲ and LN by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and confirmed by rats tissue pathology analysis. Results: Albumin injection significantly elevated the levels ALT, TBIL, TBA, HA, PCⅢ(P

Objective To compare the difference of effect between principal component regression analysis and projection pursuit regression analysis when collinearity exists in data.Methods Evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the two modeling methods by using the actual data on two aspects:the fitting effect and the predicting effect.Results The principal component regression model showed that the coefficient of determination was 0.8172,the mean of absolute relative error was 6.42％ and the mean square of prediction error was 0.61.The projection pursuit regression model,on the other hand,showed that the coefficient of determination ranged from 0.8851 to 0.9944,the mean of absolute relative error ranged from1.11％ to 4.81％ and the mean square of prediction error ranged from 0.03 to 0.38.Conclusion The analysis results based on the actual data with collinearity indicate that the projection pursuit regression analysis outperforms the principal component regression analysis both in fitting and predicting effect.

0.05) and decrease to higher than normal in CH and in 4 cases of SH (P

Objective: To determine plasma levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (sTRAIL) and its soluble death receptor (sDR4, sDR5) in essential hypertension (EH) patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Methods: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure plasma levels of sTRAIL, sDR4 and sDR5 in 50 EH + LVH patients (EH + LVH group), 50 EH patients without LVH (EH group) and 50 healthy subjects (healthy control group), and the results were compared and analyzed among three groups. Results: ① Compared with healthy control group and EH group, there were significant increase in plasma levels of sTRAIL [(0.95±0.11) ng/ml vs. (1.12±0.86) ng/ml vs. (1.74±1.19) ng/ml], sDR4[(2.38±0.32) pg/ml vs. (5.63±1.05) pg/ml vs. (8.72±1.14) pg/ml] and sDR5[(< 6 pg/ml) vs. (39.19±8.23) pg/ml vs. (78.21±11.2) pg/ml] in EH + LVH group, P<0.01 all; and levels of sDR4 and sDR5 in EH group were significantly higher than those of healthy control group (P<0.01 both), but there was no significant difference in sTRAIL level between the two groups (P>0.05); ② Pearson correlation analysis indicated that there were significant positive correlation among levels of sTRAIL, sDR4 and sDR5 in EH + LVH patients (r=0.325~0.410, P<0.05 or <0.01). Conclusion: Plasma levels of sTRAIL, sDR4 and sDR5 may be valuable indexes for prediction of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension.

This article through centile computed the result of classification of perimenopausal syndrome(PPS) in 102 periodical literatures,then took types of syndrome with cumulation frequency above 25 centile as the main syndrome types,took symptoms and objective signs with cumulation frequency above 75 centile as the cardinal symptoms and objective signs of each type of syndrome.The differentiation of symptoms and signs for classification of PPS in TCM were concluded as syndrome of deficiency of kidney-yang,syndrome of deficiency of kidney-yin,deficiency syndrome of both kidney yin and yang,syndrome of imbalance between heart-yang and kidney-yin,syndrome of stagnation of liver-qi,deficiency syndrome of both heart and spleen.The cardinal symptoms and objective signs of syndrome of deficiency of kidney-yang are in terms of intolerance to cold,cold limbs and pale corpulent tender tongue with indentation in margin of the tongue;syndrome of deficiency of kidney-yin are in terms of the sore lumbus and knees,vertigo, tinnitus,tidal fever or hectic fever,fidget,hot sensation in the five centers and night sweating,red tongue;deficiency syndrome of both kidney yin and yang are in terms of vertigo,tinnitus and the sore lumbus and knees;syndrome of imbalance between heart-yang and kidney-yin are in terms of vexation,palpitation and insomnia;syndrome of stagnation of liver-qi are in terms of fullness or distending pain in the hypochondrium,depression or irritability,bitter taste of mouth,chest distress,sighing frequently,wiry pulse;deficiency syndrome of both heart and spleen are in terms of palpitation,insomnia,poor appetite with pale tongue.

Objective:To assess whether ART sealants could be applied on children in school environment in China, and to evaluate long term effects of this treatments. Methods:The study was conducted in Deyang, Sichuan Province. Four dentists placed a total of 191 fissure sealants in 140 children in four secondary schools. Standard instruments and procedures for ART were used. The material used was a high-strength glass-ionomer (Ketac-Molara, ESPE). The treatments were evaluated annually by the same dentist who was not involved in the treatment using explorers and mouth-mirrors. Results:The cumulative 1-year, 2-year, 4-year and 6-year complete survival rates of the sealants were 75.4%,62.5%,50.0%,34.6% and the partial or complete retained survival rates were 89.6%, 78.8%, 68.5% and 57.9%. No incidence of new caries was occurred 1 year after ART sealants. The incidence of recurrent caries was very low after 2 and 3 years, which were 1.6% and 2.8% respectively. But there was a high increase of caries 4 years after sealants application. The prevalence of caries were 8.5%,16.1%,15.0% respectively over 4, 5 and 6 years after ART sealants application. Conclusion:The ART approach for preventing teeth caries in school children is effective and acceptable. The 3-year survival rates of the sealant are high with low prevalence of new caries. Six years after sealants application, the result is acceptable though there is a drop of survival rate. New caries is occurred with a highly increased prevalence three years after sealants missing without re-sealant. ART sealant is a simple, acceptable technique and is suitable for widespread application in China.

Objective To investigate the expression of TGF-?1 and Smad 3, 7 in rats renal tissue after unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) and the effect of Shentong capsule on their expressions. Methods Sixteen rats underwent UUO and were devided into operation group and Shentong treatment group, additional 8 rats were shame operation group. The pathological change of renal tissues were examined by light microscopy 8 days after operation. The extent of renal fibrosis was determined by measuring the area of renal interstitial fibrosis. Immunhistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of TGF-?1 and Smad 3,7. Results In comparison with shame operation group, the expression of TGF-?1 and Smad 3 in operation group significantly increased, and the expression of Smad 7 significantly decreased(P