From the third day after Wenchuan Earthquake,the Chinese government and army dispatched 90 helicopters per day to transport the wounded to Chengdu City (about 100 km away from earthquake-hit area). From 14 May to 21 May 2008, West China Hospital of Sichuan University received totally 760 wounded mainly from Wenchuan, Yingxiu, Maoxian, Beichuan, Lixian, Mianzu. Transfering patients by helicopter is characterized by rapid,flexible and non-restriction from terrain conditions.Compared with transfer on the land,injury induced during the transfer is reduced. However, the height of helicopter cabin is low,so it's difficult for doctors to carry out related treatment works. The instability during the flight also brought a lot of difficulties for the medical care.The rapid change of speed during take-off and landing caused a series of physiological changes on patients, such as thoracic pressure. Wenchuan is located in the mountains,and this also brought difficulties for the flight. The potentially savable victims,whose lives wouldn't be threatened with bad wound and wouldn't die in a short time,should be given the priority of transfer by helicopter. During the trip of transfer,the life-threatening occurrences, such as asphyxia, persistent convulsion and shock, were well prevented. At the same time, airway management, monitoring of vital signs and necessary consolation were important. After arrival at airport, the medical staff waiting at airport should watch and evaluate the patency of airway and vital signs carefully. If the airway obstruction, vital signs unstable and some other critical events are identified, the first aid at airport is essential. When patients are stable,they can be transported to the nearest hospital where the emergency treatment is available. Besides observation of patients' condition, registration of the name, age, address and the phone number of casualties should be done in the ambulance. Stick a label of the general information and the preliminary diagnosis of the patient on bare intact skin. The selection of casualties before transfer and the first aid at the airport are very important for successful short distance trip by helicopter.

The hepatocyte growth factor ( HGF) is a multifunctional growth factor, which produces multiple biological effects by binding to the c-Met acceptor. This article reviews the biological properties of HGF, particularly those correlated with male reproduction, including its abilities to promote testis embryonic development, spermatogenesis, and testosterone synthesis of Leydig cells. HGF may provide a new insight into the treatment of male hypogonadism and infertility.
Embryonic Development ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; physiology ; Humans ; Leydig Cells ; metabolism ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ; metabolism ; Reproduction ; physiology ; Spermatogenesis ; physiology ; Testis ; embryology ; Testosterone ; biosynthesis

AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of one-dose multiple point scanning panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in the treatment of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).METHODS:Selected 78 patients 132 eyes with NPDR in our hospital from January 2015 to June 2016,the patients were randomly divided into observation group (42 patients of 72 eyes) and control group (36 patients of 60 eyes).The observation group was given one-dose multi-point scanning PRP.The control group was given a single point scanning,3 to 4 times to complete the PRP.To observethe therapeutic effect in two groups,the average visual field threshold,the flash electroretinogram (F-ERG) a,b wave amplitude,the laser energy and so on were observed.RESULTS:The effective rate of the observation group and the control group were 84.7% and 83.3%,the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).In the observation group and the control group,at 6mo after treatment,the leakage area of retinal neovascularization was lower than that before treatment (P<0.05).The visual field threshold and F-ERG a wave amplitude differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05).F-ERG b wave amplitude were 221.94±70.18mV and 219.82±69.56mV in the observation group and the control group at 6mo after treatment which were significantly lower than that before treatment (P<0.05).The laser energy of the observation group was 541.23 ± 56.39mW,significantly higher than the control group 326.39±78.83mW (P<0.05),while the energy density was 0.34±0.14mW·ms/mm2,significantly less than the control group 2.01±0.97mW·ms/mm2(P<0.05).The incidence of complications in the observation group and the control group were 8.3% and 15.0%,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The clinical effect of multiple point scanning PRP in the treatment of NPDR is better than single point multiple PRP with advantages of lower energy density and less laser damage.

[Summary] Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process by which the damaged organelles and macromolecules are lysosomal dependently degraded by auto‐phagocyte under the control of autophagy‐related genes. The autophagy level in hypothalamus and adipose tissue changes in obese individuals.Autophagy participates in the regulation of food intake and energy balance ,and associates with adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. More and more attention has been paid to the relationship between autophagy and obesity w hich may guide the new research direction of pathogenesis study and therapy of obesity.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy of manipulative reduction combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) or percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) using meta-analysis method, in order to provide a reference for clinical treatment.

METHODSA systematic computer-based search (from January 1987 to April 2014) from CNKI, Wanfang database, Web of Science and PubMed were performed for the collection of controlled clinical researches on manipulative reduction combined with PVP or PKP in treating OVCF. The quality of selected researches was evaluated. Meta-analysis was adopted to evaluate visual analog scale, Cobb angle, anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra.

RESULTSA total of 7 researches of 410 patients were included in the present analysis, there were 5 RCTs and 2 non-RCTs and all come from China. Manipulative reduction combined with PVP could got better improvement in Cobb angle (WMD=-7.35; 95%CI: -12.15, -2.54) and anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra (P<0.01) than simple PVP, but no significant difference was found in improvement of visual analog scale (WMD=-0.01; 95%CI: -0.45, 0.42). There were no significant differences in the improvement of visual analog scale, Cobb angle, anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra between manipulative reduction combined with PKP and simple PKP (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompared with simple PVP, manipulative reduction combined with PVP may result in more clinical efficacy on the improvement of Cobb angle and anterior ratio of the injured vertebra. And compared with simple PKP, manipulative reduction combined with PKP has no obvious advantages on the improvement of visual analog scale, Cobb angle, anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra. However, the number and quality of the literatures, may resulted in the effect of mistrust, so more large sample and high-quality RCTs are needed in future.

Combined Modality Therapy ; Fractures, Compression ; therapy ; Humans ; Manipulation, Spinal ; methods ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; therapy ; Spinal Fractures ; therapy

Objective To explore the moderate effect of work control on the work stress-organizational citizenship behavior relationship and work stress-job satisfaction relationship.Methods 200 employees of five corporations in Shandong province were surveyed by questionnaires using work control scale,work stress scale,organizational citizenship behavior scale and job satisfaction scale.Results Work stress was negatively correlated with job satisfaction(r=-0.28,P＜0.01)and organizational citizenship behavior(r=-0.25,P＜0.01).Job satisfaction was significantly higher for employees who perceived high work control under certain work stress(β=0.16,P＜0.05).The relationship between work stress and organizational citizenship behavior was significantly stronger for employees who perceived high work control under certain work stress(β=0.19,P＜0.05).Conclusion The final results showed that work stress Was negatively correlated with organizational citizenship behavior.Work control had a positively moderate effect on the relationship between work stress and organizational citizenship behavior and the relationship between work stress and job satisfaction.

Myogenic potentials evoked by air conducted sound (ACS), bone conducted vibration (BCV) or galvanic pulses can be recorded with surface electrodes over contracted muscles. These myogenic potentials are of vestibular origin (utricle and saccule) and so these potentials are called vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). Since the vestibular system has projections to many muscle systems, there are many such VEMPs. In this review, we discuss the generated origin, response pathway, waveform characteristics and clinical application of ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP).
Humans ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials

A metabonomics method based on gas chromatography_mass spectrometry ( GC_MS) was developed for detecting the significant differences of root exudates of the Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii under different treatments and study the effect mechanism of S. alfredii tolerating or accumulating the heavy metal Cd. The root exudates were collected after treatment for 4 and 8 days with 0 and 40μmol/L Cd. The collected solution was lyophilized and dissolved with methanol, and after derivatization with methoxyamine hydrochloride and N_methyl_N_trifluoroacetamide, the samples were analyzed by GC_MS. Principal component analysis ( PCA) and orthogonal partial least_squares discrimination analysis ( OPLS_DA) were carried out for pattern recognition and a clear separation among the different treatments was achieved. Twelve compounds which caused the separation among the different treatments were found and identified. With the change of treatments, the relative amount of these 12 compounds revealed different trends, which indicated that the Cd hyperaccumulator S. alfredii could adjust the secretion of root exudates to tolerate or accumulate the heavy metal Cd.

Objective To observe the polysomnographic manifestation of sleep disorder and the characteristics of sleep architecture in patients with PD.Methods 42 patients with PD and 40 normal controls underwent night polysomnography.The parameters of sleep architecture and progress in two groups and video-monitoring features were analyzed.Results According to PSG recordings,the incidence of difficulties in the initiation of sleep(73.8%),fragmented sleep(59.5%),excessive daytime sleepiness (46.1%)were respectively increased in PD patients group than that in controls(all P5)、 ESS were increased(P=0.022,0.000,0.007, 0.001,0.000,respectively).SOREMPs occurred in 6 patients(14.3%)in PD group,but didn't oecure in controls.In PD group REM without atonia(RWA)was demonstrated in 36 patients(85.7%),RBD in 19 patients;in control group,however,REM in 6 and RBD in 2 separately.The statistics analysis showed the incidence of RWA(85.7%)and RBD(45.2%)in PD group was significantly higher than that in control group(P

Objective To ascertain the pressure ulcer prevalence among secondary and tertiary general hospitals in different areas of Guangdong Province, and describe pressure ulcer related nursing measures in hospitalized patients. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive design was used in the present study. 5 secondary and tertiary general hospitals including 25164 hospitalized patients from different regions in Guangdong Province were recruited. There were 267 pressure ulcer patients among them. Minimum Data Set (MDS) was used to measure prevention measures of hospitalized patients. Pressure ulcer patients′questionnaire was used to measure medical treatment of pressure ulcer patients. Results The overall prevalence rates of pressure ulcers in the 25 hospitals range from 0 to 3.49%, with an average of 1.26%. The prevalence rate in the secondary general hospitals was 1.8%(41/2266), which was significant higher than that of in the tertiary general hospitals(1.0%, 226/22998), χ2=13.48, P<0.01. For the hospitalized patients at risk, 42.0%(1408/3353) of patients didn′t use any systemic support surface, 45.8%(1537/3353) of patients didn′t use any local support surface. In the pressure ulcer patients, 35.2%(94/267) of patients didn′t use any systemic support surface, 14.2% (38/267)of patients didn′t use any local support surface, and 61.4%(164/267) of pressure ulcer patients didn′t use any skin care products. Conclusion The prevention measures of pressure ulcer in Guangdong province were not effective, further improvements are still required.