Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae(NTHi) is a non-encapsulated, Gram-negative coccobacillus that commonlycolonizes in human upper respiratory tract and can cause invasive infections in immunocompromised hosts. In recent years,with the widespread implementation of Haemophilus influenzae type b(Hib) vaccination, NTHi has emerged as the predominantpathogenic strain of Haemophilus influenzae infections globally. Notably, the clinical isolation rate of NTHi has shown aprogressive increase worldwide, accompanied by rising resistance to β-lactams and other antibiotics. NTHi frequently formspolymicrobial infections with pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis, and contributes tovarious diseases such as otitis media, meningitis, and acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)through virulence mechanisms including biofilm formation and immune evasion. At present, antibiotics remain the maindrugs for NTHi infection management, while increasing antimicrobial resistance has driven vaccine development as a criticalresearch priority. Promising vaccine candidates based on antigens such as outer membrane proteins and adhesins, havedemonstrated favorable immunogenicity and protective efficacy, but further optimization is required to enhance cross-protectiveimmunity. In this paper, the epidemic status, related diseases and vaccine research progress of NTHi are summarized, aimingto provide references for the prevention and control of NTHi infection.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the function change of intestinal CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) under diabetic conditions and its mechanism. METHODS:Caco-2 cells were respectively added with 25, 50 and 100 μmol/L midazolam (CYP3A4 probe substrate) for incubation for 15,30,60,120,180 min;with 0.1,0.2,0.4 μg/ml rhodamine 123 (P-gp sub-strate)for incubation for 15,30,60,90,120 min to determine the substrate concentrations and incubation time. Caco-2 cells were added with insulin,glucose and fatty acid (palmitic acid and oleic acid) at different concentrations,and then the production of 1′-OH-midazolam,the metabolite of midazolam,and the intake of rhodamine 123 were determined,in order to investigated the ef-fect on the function of CYP3A4 and P-gp. RESULTS:The optimal substrate concentrations and incubation time were as follows as 50 μmol/L midazolam,0.1 μg/ml rhodamine 123 and incubation for 2 h. With the increase in the concentration of insulin,glucose and palmitic acid,the production of 1′-OH-midazolam and the activity of CYP3A4 reduced;the intake of rhodamine 123 in-creased,and the efflux transport function of P-gp decreased. Oleic acid had no significant effect on the production of 1′-OH-mid-azolam or the intake of rhodamine 123. CONCLUSIONS:Under diabetes condition,the increase of insulin,glucose and palmitic acid may reduce the function of CYP3A4 and P-gp,while oleic acid has no effect on the function.

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factors combined with new rehabilitative liquid on neonatal diaper dermatitis. Methods One hundred and twenty neotates with neonatal diaper dermatitis from August 2013 to July 2014 were randomly divided into the control group and experiment group, 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional care, while the observation group with recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factors combined with new rehabilitative liquid. The total effective rate and the treatment time were compared between the two groups. Result The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) and the treatment time of the observation group was statistically significantly shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factors combined with new rehabilitative liquid is effective in the treatment of neonatal diaper dermatitis and it is worth promoting and using clinically.

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; immunology ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; immunology ; therapy

Object to define defects of drug accurately and to initially discuss its law responsibility. Method With comparative study and system thinking,we acquired few scientific recognition of drug’s defects. Result & Conclusion Defects of drug are not equal to negative drug reaction. The former one should be an unreasonable and potential risk which induces no expectant therapeutic efficacy to provide. And its law responsibility could be no-fault liability accompanied by state compensation.

Objective To explore the mechanism of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) of calcium overload in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) in hemorrhagic shock rats. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divide into four groups: control (Group C), shock start (Group S0), 2 hours post-shock (Group S2) and 4 hours post-shock (Group S4). The rat models with hemorrhage shock were produced by means of modified Wigger's method through bloodletting from femoral artery and keeping blood pressure at 40 mm Hg for 2 hours. The changes of cytosolic free Ca 2+ concentration (i) and the activities of Ca 2+ - ATPase and Na +-K +- ATPase in VSMC membrane and mitochondrial membrane were monitored in rats after shock. Results Mean channel fluorescence values of VSMC i in the Groups C, SO, S2 and S4 were 2.03?0.15, 2.37? 0.32 , 2.55?0.46 and 2.80?0.43 respectively and increased in a time-dependent fashion. Mean channel fluorescence values of VSMC i in the Groups S0, S2 and S4 was significantly higher than that in the Group C ( P

Objective To compare the effect of hepatic oval cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to treat liver fibrosis in mice. Methods The C57BL/6 mice were fed with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1, 4-dihydro-collidine (DDC) in a standard food at a concentra-tion of 0.1% to activate the oval cells proliferation, then the nonparenchymal cells were separated by in situ perfusion and density gradient centrifugation, and finally Sca-1 antibody was used in conjunction with magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) to separate the Sca-1 +cells. Other mice were injected subcutaneously with CCl4 to establish experimental liver fibrosis model. Finally, the fibrosis mice were trans-planted with HOC or MSC or saline by spleen injection according to the group they belonged to. Four weeks later, the liver function index, the hydroxyproline and the histopathological change among the groups were used to evaluate the effect of the treatment. Result The liver function index was improved after transplantation. HOC and MSE treatment could reduce both the hydroxyproline level and alleviate the fibro-sis, but HOC seems more effective in the group with continuing CCl4 injection(P < 0.05). When stopping injecting CCl4, the change of fi-brosis was not visible(P >0.05). Conclusion Both hepatic oval cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can improve the liver function, and alleviate the fibrosis level by transpleen transplantation, but hepatic oval cells were more effective.

especially in the group of ceasing CCl4 injection. Conclusion After transplanted into the liver by spleen injection, hepatic oval cells could plant in the portal area, which improve liver function and alleviate the cirrhosis level.

Objective To evaluate the significance of ultrasonography in diagnosis and differentiation of morning glory syndrome. Methods Ultrasonography,CT and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) features were retrospectively analyzed in 6 cases of morning glory syndrome.Results Ultrasonography, CT and FFA characters of morning glory syndrome were as follow: on the B-type ultrasonogram, the dark area of vitreous cavity extended to the posterior pole and optic papilla, projecting to the basal part of muscle cones, thus the posterior part of vitreous cavity looked like a converted bottleneck. Sometimes the light ribbon of retinal detachment can also be seen. On the A-type ultrasonogram, both vitreous cavity and bottleneck showed no ultrasonic echo and acted as an equable baseline without any evident wave crest. The attachment spot of optic nerve of eye turned thin and vitreous body protruded to the posterior wall of eyeball with spherical shape on CT imaging. In the earlier period of FFA, hypofluorescence appeared on the optic disc; then ,the abnormal arteriae and vein around the optic papilla were diplayed clearly; In the later period, optic discs were dyed with fluorescein. Conclusions Ultrasonography, CT and FFA showed imageological features of morning glory syndrome from different aspects, which was helpful for differentiating similar diseases such as optic disc coloboma. Especially, ultrasonography was considered as a more safe and reliable imageological method than other imageological methods in precisely diagnosing and differentiating morning glory syndrome and superior to the traditional fundus check which gives no integrity.

Objective To establish double-transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) [Ⅱ cells expressing human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (hOATP1B1) and multidrug resistanceassociated protein 2 (hMRP2)and to testify their functions,moreover,to study the transcellur transport of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT) in the transfectants.Methods hOATP1B1/hMRP2 eukaryotic vectors pVITRO2-SLCO1B1-ABCC2 was obtained by genetic engineering method and then transfected into MDCK cells.Stably expressed MDCK cells were screened by using the geneticin G418.Real-time PCR,Western blot analysis and immuno fluorescent confocal microscopy were used to verify the proteins expression.Transport of the representative substrate pravastatin in different pH values and substrate concentrations and 1-MT were evaluated using the double transfectants.Results MDCK-OATP1B1/MRP2 was successfully established.Pravastatin displayed the optimal transcellular transport when pH value was 6.5.Transport of pravastatin demonstrated the concentration-dependent in the concertation range of 0) to 500 μmol/L.Transport of 1-MT showed no significant difference in MDCK cells and transfectants.Conclusions MDCK-OATP1B1/MRP2 was successful established;1-MT was not the substrate of OATP1B1 or MRP2 protein;and the eatablished double transfectant cell lines can be used to evaluate OATP1B1/MRP2-medicated transport of xenobiotics (e.g.new drug candidates) and endogenous compounds (e.g.bilirubin).