1.Homicidal Fall from Height with 'Tram-line' Bruise at Buttocks.
Hu Guo PIAO ; Seok Hoon JEON ; Kyung Ryoul KIM ; Juck Joon HWANG ; Seong Hwan PARK
Korean Journal of Legal Medicine 2011;35(2):157-160
A teenaged female was found dead in front of a three story building. Blunt force injuries were found mainly in the right upper-posterior part of the body. Autopsy findings revealed basal skull fracture, multiple rib fractures of the right thoracic cage, both scapular fractures and right iliac bone fracture. Additionally, typical so-called 'tramline'bruises were bilaterally noted at buttocks. The hymen was intact, but showed mucosal hemorrhage. After the personal identity was revealed, the police could find a witness who heard the detailed description of the criminal acts from one of the suspects. According to the witness, the deceased was pushed by two other teenaged girls from the concrete fence of the roof floor after the suspects molested the genitalia of the deceased and beat on the buttocks with a wooden stick. Mathematical estimation of the height of fall based on the severity of injuries correlates with that of the three story building. Authors suggest that a careful examination of injury patterns is required to differentiate homicidal falls from suicidal or accidental ones. Furthermore, application of mathematical model might be helpful to estimate the height of falls or correlate the assumed height of fall with severity of injuries.
Accidental Falls
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Autopsy
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Buttocks
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Contusions
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Criminals
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Female
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Floors and Floorcoverings
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Forensic Pathology
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Fractures, Bone
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Genitalia
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Hemorrhage
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Homicide
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Humans
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Hymen
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Models, Theoretical
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Police
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Rib Fractures
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Skull Fractures
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Wit and Humor as Topic
2.DNA-Based Identification of Necrophagous Fly Species Using Abdominal-B (Abd-B) Homeobox Sequence.
Hu Guo PIAO ; Ukhee CHUNG ; Shang Eon SHIN ; Kwang Soo KO ; Juck Joon HWANG
Korean Journal of Legal Medicine 2012;36(1):74-84
In medicolegal investigations, correct identification of the necrophagous fly species collected around and on the corpse is an essential step for estimating the postmortem interval (PMI). Therefore, forensic pathologists and entomologists investigating deaths due to violent crimes need a rapid, easy-to-use protocol to identify fly species found on corpses. A rapid and robust DNA-based tool that can distinguish between various immature and mature species from the Calliphoridae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae families would be ideal for such investigations. To date, the DNA barcode initiative is the best approach for identifying species-specific nucleotide sequences. We have developed 3 sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR)-based identification systems derived from the Abdominal-B homeobox sequences of 17 fly species belonging to the Muscidae and Sarcophagidae. The flies used in this study were collected in Korea. These assay systems can classify 17 forensically important fly species into the dipteran family group and reliably distinguish them from inter- and intraspecific fly species through a 2-step multiplex PCR. This novel approach may also be used as an alternative to conventional DNA-based identification methods.
Base Sequence
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Cadaver
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Crime
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Diptera
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DNA
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Genes, Homeobox
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Humans
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Korea
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Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Muscidae
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Sarcophagidae
3.Clinical research of Chinese medicine syndromes of hyperlipidemia inpatients.
Sheng-hua PIAO ; Jiao GUO ; Zhu-ping HU
Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 2012;32(10):1322-1325
OBJECTIVETo study the Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome typing of hyperlipidemia inpatients, thus exploring the CM syndrome typing laws.
METHODSThe clinical materials, including blood lipids, grading,complications, CM symptoms, and manifestations of tongue and pulse were recorded using self-formulated epidemiological questionnaire of CM syndrome in hyperlipidemia, and then these materials were statistically analyzed.
RESULTSGan-qi stagnation syndrome (66.46%) was the most often seen syndrome in the 316 hyperlipidemia inpatients. Gan stagnation Pi-deficiency syndrome (35.44%), Gan-Shen yin deficiency syndrome (16.77%), Pi-Shen yang deficiency syndrome (13.61%), inner stagnation of phlegm and stasis syndrome (13.29%), hyperactivity of yang and hypoactivity of yin syndrome (9. 18%) were 5 common syndromes of hyperlipidemia. Gan stagnation Pi-deficiency syndrome occupied an important position among all types and at various levels. Results from the lipid classification of hyperlipidemia showed that mixed type with low HDL-C was the most often seen (108/316, 34.18%), followed by mixed hyperlipidemia (81/316, 25.63%). Totally the mixing type accounted for 59.81% (189/316), higher than hypertriglyceridemia (16.77%) and hypercholesterolemia (23.42%).
CONCLUSIONSGan stagnation pi-deficiency syndrome might be the core syndrome affecting the lipid metabolism of hyperlipidemia. Mixed hyperlipidemia was the most often seen in clinics. Clinical medication should cover actions of decreasing TC and TG, and increasing HDL-C.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; diagnosis ; Inpatients ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged
4.Clinical features of Parkinson disease with constipation
Qiujin YU ; Lijun ZUO ; Shuyang YU ; Yang HU ; Tenghong LIAN ; Yingshan PIAO ; Ruidan WANG ; Lixia LI ; Peng GUO ; Wei ZHAO ; Zhang JIN
Chinese Journal of Geriatrics 2017;36(11):1193-1198
Objective To investigate the clinical features of Parkinson disease (PD)with constipation.Methods From October 2013 to August 2015,a total of 204 PD patients were consecutively recruited from the Departments of Geriatrics and Neurology,Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University,and were evaluated by Rome Ⅲ diagnostic criteria for functional constipation and other related scales of motor symptoms(MS)and non-motor symptoms(NMS),the activity of daily living(ADL)and quality of life.Results Overall,131 of 204(64.2%)PD patients with constipation were assigned to the PD-C group and 73 of 204 (35.8%)PD patients without constipation were assigned to the PD-NC group.In the PD-C group,38 of 131(29%)PD patients had constipation before motor symptoms occurred.The mean age and age of onset in the PD-C group were significantly older than those in the PD-NC group (64.13 ± 9.67 vs.58.35 ± 11.37;60.07 ± 10.46 vs.55.10±12.97;F=2.287,4.948;t=3.827,-2.788;P<0.01 for both).Meanwhile,compared with the PD-NC group,the PD-C group was associated with dramatically longer disease duration (2.25,range:1.00-5.00 vs.2.00,range:1.00-3.13;Z =-2.254;P < 0.05),increased scores of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Ⅲ (26.00 scores,range:18.00 37.50 vs.19.00,range:12.50-31.00;Z =-2.349,P < 0.05),more advanced stages on the Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) scale (2.00 stage,range:1.50-2.50 vs.1.50,range:1.00-2.50;Z=-2.334,P<0.05),higher total numbers of NMS(11.00,range:6.00-15.00 vs.6.00,range:3.00-11.00;Z=-3.715,P<0.05),and higher numbers of NMS occurring before and after MS(before,2.00,range:0.00-4.00 vs.1.00,range:0.00-2.00;after,8.00,range:3.00-14.00 vs.5.00,range:2.00-9.50;Z =-2.612,-2.630,respectively;P<0.05 for both).Additionally,there were significant differences between the groups in the scores of the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD),the Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA),the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI),the scales for outcomes in Parkinson disease-autonomic (SCOPA-AUT),the Fatigue severity scale (FSS),the Apathy scale,the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)scale,the UPDRS Ⅱ and ADL Scale,and the PDQL-39 (all P<0.05).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that age,SCOPA-AUT,HAMA and HAMD were risk factors for PD-C(OR=1.091,1.107,1.10 and 1.080;P<0.05 for all).Conclusions PD patients have a high incidence of constipation,and more than a quarter of patients have constipation before MS occurs.Meanwhile,PD patients with constipation are usually associated with old age and late age of onset,long disease duration,severe MS,frequent and severe NMS,bad cognition,emotional state and sleep,severe fatigue,and apathy.Moreover,advanced age,autonomic dysfunction,anxiety and depression increase the risk of PD with constipation.Constipation has a serious negative impact on the activity of daily living and quality of life in PD patients.
5.Effects of Yiqi-Huoxue formula on autophagy and PI3K/Akt/mTOR sig-naling pathway in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
Tiantian ZHANG ; Jinxi WANG ; Guo MAO ; Yan SHANG ; Li LI ; Piao HE ; Ting ZHANG ; Liang OU ; Guoheng HU
Chinese Journal of Pathophysiology 2024;40(11):1993-2004
AIM:To explore the possible mechanism of Yiqi-Huoxue formula(YQHXF)in treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.METHODS:Male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups,namely,the sham,mod-el,nimodipine,and low-,middle-and high-dose YQHXF groups.The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)model was established in all groups except the sham group.After successful modeling,the YQHXF low-,me-dium-,and high-dose groups were given 3.8,7.5,and 15 g?kg-1?d-1 of YQHXF,respectively,by gavage,while the ni-modipine group was given 12 mg?kg-1?d-1 of nimodipine tablets by gavage.The sham and model groups were given 10 mL?kg-1?d-1 of distilled water by gavage.After 14 days of drug intervention,the rats were euthanized and the neurological func-tion was evaluated.The infarct volume was assessed using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining and brain histopathological changes were determined by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate changes in autophagosomes,with immunofluorescence used to assess expression of microtubule-associ-ated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)protein in the cerebral cortex,Western blot was used to measure protein levels of p-PI3K,PI3K,p-Akt,Akt,p-mTOR,mTOR,LC3B,p62,beclin-1,and Atg5,and RT-qPCR was used to determined LC3 and P62 mRNA expression.RESULTS:Compared with the sham group,the neural function scores of rats in the model group rats were significantly increased,and TTC staining revealed large areas of white cerebral infarction.There was severe pathological damage to the cerebral tissue in the ischemic cortical area,and large numbers of autophagosomes were seen inside the cells.Immunofluorescence staining showed significant numbers of LC3B-positive cells(P<0.01).Protein expression of beclin-1,Atg5,and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ was significantly upregulated(P<0.01),while that of p62 was markedly downregulated(P<0.01).The expression of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt,and p-mTOR/mTOR proteins was also significantly reduced(P<0.01).In addition,the mRNA expression of LC3 was significantly upregulated(P<0.01),with downregulation of P62 mRNA levels(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,both the YQHXF medium-and high-dose groups showed upregulated LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ values after 12 h of reperfusion(P<0.01),followed by downregulation of the ratios(P<0.05)after 3,7,and 14 days of reperfusion.Furthermore,after 14 days of reperfusion,compared with the model group,the middle-and high-dose YQHXF groups and the nimodipine group showed reduced neurological function scores(P<0.01),reduced cerebral infarction volumes(P<0.01),improvements in the pathological damage to cortical tis-sue,and reduced autophagosome formation to varying degrees.At the same time,the number of LC3B-positive cells was reduced(P<0.01).Protein expression of beclin-1,Atg5,and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ was significantly downregulated,while that of p62 was upregulated(P<0.01).The mRNA expression of LC3 and p62 was consistent with the protein levels(P<0.01).In addition,the expression of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt,and p-mTOR/mTOR proteins was upregulated(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:YQHXF can dynamically regulate autophagy in ischemic brain tissue,with inhibition of excess autophagy by activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,thus reducing the infarct volume,alleviating brain dam-age,and promoting the recovery of neurological function.
6. Interlaboratory method validation of slope ratio determination for anticoagulant activity of leeches
Yu-Chi HU ; Si-Ting XIAO ; Wen-Liang YANG ; Yu-Dong GUO ; Hua-Yu XU ; Hua GAO ; Yuan ZHANG ; Bo LI ; Li-Ming TANG ; Su-Hui ZHANG ; Jin-Hua PIAO ; Ting-Ting WANG ; Hong ZHANG ; Jing RUI ; Xiao-Dong HUA ; Juan HOU ; Tian-Jiao YANG
Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin 2022;38(11):1722-1729
Aim To investigate the slope ratio method for the determination of anticoagulant activity of leeches. Methods Three batches of leeches, four groups of Japanese medical vermiculite yinpian and fifteen groups of leech preparations were chosen, with contrast medicinal leeches herbs and Philippine cattle leech contrast medicinal materials, and different concentrations of leaching solutions were prepared in parallel. APTT value was determined after anticoagulant activity was determined by slope ratio method for the joint validation of laboratory, intermediate precision and accuracy between the linear range. Results The slope ratio method was accurate and accurate in the determination of anticoagulant activity of leeches, with linearity between 64% and 156% relative titer level. Conclusion Slope ratio method can be used to determine the anticoagulant activity of leeches.