Cardiovascular disease(CVD) is a common fingding in paitients with chronic renal failure(CRF),its pathogenesis is not clear.In the past decade,the relation reduce of EPO,malnutrition and inflammation,endothelial dysfunctin and angiodysplasia with pathogenesis of CVD had been investigated,These risk factors inducing CVD were reviewed.

The role of the microvascular disease in progressive renal disease is not well understood .This review presents evidence that progressive renal disease is characterized by a progressive lose of the microvasulature. And presents the factors that induce the lose of the microvasculature. Try to find out (agents) which may represent a novel therpeatic approach for slowing the renal disease.

Aptamers are short nucleic acids or peptides that strongly bind to a protein of interest and functionally inhibit a given target protein at the intracellular level. Besides high affinity and specificity, aptamers have several advantages over traditional antibodies. Hence, they have been broadly selected to develop antiviral agents for therapeutic applications against hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV). This review provides a summary of in vitro selection and characterization of aptamers against viral hepatitis, which is of practical significance in drug discovery.

Objective To investigate recurrence of colorectal adenoma (CRA)after polypectomies and colonoscopic surveillance,and to explore risk factors related to CRA recurrence.MethodsFrom June 2005 to December 2009,in the Fist Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,the clinical data of 283 hospitalized patients who underwent CRA polypectomy and met the study criteria were collected and followed up.The recurrence rate of CRA after polypectomies,the relationship between colonoscopic surveillance interval and CRA recurrence and risk factors related to recurrence were analyzed.The colonoscopic surveillance interval,frequency and the reason for no colonoscopic surveillance were also analyzed.ResultsA total of 235 post-polypectomies CRA patients were successfully followed up,the follow-up rate was 83.0％ (235/283).The shortest follow-up period was 12 months and the longest was 66 months,the median follow-up time was (35.1 ± 14.2)months.A total of 115 patients were underwent colonoscopic surveillances,the surveillance rate was 49.4％ (115/233).The recurrence rate was 45.0％ (50/111) in colonoscopic surveillance group.A total of 118 patients were without colonoscopic surveillances.Age over 60 years,body mass index over 25 kg/m2 and multiple adenomas (≥ 2) were significantly related with CRA recurrence,and the difference was statistical significant (P＜ 0.05).The rate of awareness that CRA needed regular surveillance group without surveillonce was significantly lower than that of group with surveillance.(P＜0.01).ConclusionThe recurrence rate of CRA after polypectomies is high.Age,high body mass index and multiple adenomas are predicted independent risk factors for CRA recurrence.Lacking awareness of the importance of regular surveillances after polypectomies is the main reason for low colonoscopic surveillance rate after polypectomies in our hospital.

Nerve growth factor, a kind of neurotrophic factor, plays an important role in neuronal development, differentiation, survival and neurogenesis, and is considered as a link between neuroendocrine system and immune system in asthma attack. The possible mechanism of effects of nerve growth factor on asthma is as follows: (1) nerve growth factor changes airway innervation, and facilitates the synthesis and release of neurotransmitter in nerve terminal, which will contribute to airway remodeling; (2) nerve growth factor induces eosinophils aggregation, proliferation and releasing inflammatory factor, which will lead to the abnormality of immunologic response; (3) nerve growth factor triggers the redundancy of adrenal medullary cells, which results in adrenal medullary cell to nerve cell transition, and then the impairment of chromaffin cell endocrine secretion function. As a result, the concentrations of adrenaline in circulation are not competent to relieve the bronchoconstriction in asthmatic attack.

BACKGROUND:The essence of cell differentiation is a selectively intra-cellular gene expression,which results in specific proteinic synthesis and causes changes in biochemistry,structure and function.Thus,original proteomics and a single protein analysis can not meet the requirement in study.Proteomics technology provides a powerful tool due to the large scale,systemical study of protein transformation and interaction,which can be used for exploring molecular mechanism of bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)during directional differentiation.OBJECTIVE:To introduce proteomics,to summarize the research of proteomics in directional differentiation of BMSCs,and to forecast the development of proteomics research methods.METHODS:To search articles highly related with BMSCs,cell differentiation,and proteomics published on CNKI (www.cnki.net/index.htm),Sciencedirect(http://www.Sciencedirect.com),I.S.I(http://www.isiwebofknowledge.com)were searched,and the key achievements were included in the analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 29 documents were reviewed,and the experiences in the application of proteomics technology in the directional differentiation of BMSCs were summarized.With the innovation and development in methodology and technology,proteomics will become a powerful tool for us to study the potential mechanisms of BMSCs directional differentiation.

There are a number of serum biomarkers related with the process of the pathogenesis,destabilization and rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque.And thus,it is fairly important in clinical practice to identify vulnerable plaque and predict plaque rupture by detecting the expression of the serum biomarkers.This review aims at giving an overview on recent emerging biomarkers that are related to vulnerable plaque.

Dermcidin (DCD) was found in isolated human skin sweat glands with antimicrobial effect, and was defined as a kind of new small molecule antimicrobial peptide. It was a part of human sweat glands in the skin as the immune system's innate defense. With the studies of DCD, its extensive biological functions are gradually discovered. Since 2010, a number of studies have shown that DCD may be a new risk factor for atherosclerosis. And the role of DCD in ischemic heart disease has drawn increasing attention in particular its relationship with insulin secretion and glycemic control, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and hypertension, platelet aggregation and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In those experiments, it was also confirmed that aspirin had antagonistic and reverse effects on various biological functions of DCD. Further research on the role of DCD in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases may lead to the prevention, early warning, prognosis evaluation and treatment breakthrough of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

The objective of this article was to explore new channels of information transmission in public health emergencies.According to the requestments of information transmission in public health emergencies,the current situation and problems were analysed.To solve the problems,the authors put forward a number of constructive measures,and came to the conclusion that to strengthen the construction of the channels of information transmission is one of the fundamental ways of improving the efficiency of correct handling of public health emergencies.