Objective:To study expression and significance of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) and E-selectin in nasal polyps.Methods:Expression of three adhesion molecules in nasal polyps from 25 patients and in middle turbinates mucosa from 9 volunteers with deviation of nasal septum was measured with immunohistochemistry.All samples were also studied by HE stain and observed under optical microscope.Results:Abundant eosinophils(EOS) were observed in nasal polyps.Expression of three adhension molecules in nasal polyps upgrade significantly.There is a positive correlation between the expression in the vascular endothelium and in the matrix of nasal polyps.The statistical analysis also shows such a correlation between the expression of ICAM-1 and of VCAM-1 in the vascular endothelium of nasal polyps.Conclusion:In nasal polyps expression of these adhesion molecules increases significantly.They can express in the vascular endothelium and the matrix.They may play a key role in the chronic inflammation procedure with inflammatory cells to attach to the vascular wall,to migrate into the matrix,and to be activated.They may perform synergistic action to take part in the whole process of nasal polyps.

Eosinophil cationic protein, a sensitive marker of activated eosinophils, plays an important role in eosinophila inflammation, such as asthma, allergy disease and so on. To get acknowledges of ECP of secretion and use in nasal general chronic disease(NP, CS and AR),we review many articles and summary the present situation of this topic of its properties and uses. We find a critical relationship between ECP and nasal general chronic disease. Moreover, the measurement concentration of ECP in nasal fluid can help evaluate degree, turnover and prognosis of these diseases.

This paper discussed the current status of hearing aids fitting practitioners in China and proposed some proposals on how to cultivate qualified practitioners.The proposals includes setting up short-term training program,launching hearing aids fitting major in occupational schools and cultivating the hearing aids fitting practitioners from the would-be audiologists or otologists in an aim to meet the urgent hearing aids fitting need of Chinese deafness.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical features of 8 patients with sigmoid sinus diverticulum and to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. METHODS The tinnitus patients were asked in detail about the history, and performed a series of routine hearing tests (pure tone audiometry, acoustic impedance audiometry, otoacoustic emission inspection and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) etc.) and temporal bone HRCT scan. Eight cases were diagnosed with sigmoid sinus diverticulum, in which six cases undertook a surgery to reconstruct the sinus wall while the other 2 cases chose conservative treatment. RESULTS The diagnosis of 6 cases was proved to be correct by surgery, and the pulsatile tinnitus disappeared after reconstructing the sinus wall. No one recurred after following up from 2 to 12 months. Two cases of conservative treatment had no obvious improvement in symptoms. CONCLUSION Clinical manifestation, hearing examination, temporal bone CT/HRCT and Cranial CTA/CTV contributed to the diagnosis of sigmoid sinus diverticulum. Sinus wall reconstruction is a better approach.

This study investigates the application effect of bisection combined with flipped classroom in the teaching of the course Introduction to Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation. A total of 74 students majoring in hearing and speech rehabilitation in the classes of 2019 and 2020 were selected as research subjects, and flipped classroom was applied in the teaching of the course Introduction to Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation. A questionnaire survey was conducted to compare the difference between traditional teaching model and flipped classroom in improving the comprehensive abilities of students. Research findings show that the teaching model of bisection combined with flipped classroom can significantly improve the abilities of self-expression, creative thinking, teamwork, and interpersonal communication among students, and there was no significant difference in improving learning enthusiasm between the two teaching models.

OBJECTIVE To carry out a meta analysis on the results of all conducted studies to present valid information about the impact of air pollution exposure on the risk of allergic rhinitis in children. METHODS PubMed, Science, Google Scholar and MDPI database were searched up to January 1, 2012 to July 1, 2017, including the observational studies about air pollution and children with allergic rhinitis. Combie cross-sectional study evaluation tool and NOS scale were used to evaluate the quality of literature. The odds ratio of representative air pollutants(NO2, SO2, PM10) exposed to the risk of allergic rhinitis in children and it 95％ confidence interval as effects, and based on the heterogeneity analysis and publication bias test of Review Manager 5.3 software. The effects were analyzed by fixed or random effects model. RESULTS Finally, 6 studies were included in the meta analysis (4 cross-sectional studies, 2 cohort studies). The results showed that exposure to nitrogen dioxide increased the risk of allergic rhinitis(OR=1.22, 95％CI[1.04, 1.42], P=0.01), exposing tosulfur dioxideincreased the risk of allergic rhinitis(OR=1.06, 95％CI[0.96, 1.18], P=0.23), and PM10 increased the risk of allergic rhinitis(OR=1.13, 95％CI[1.04, 1.23], P=0, 004). CONCLUSION Air pollution is a risk factor for allergic rhinitis in children, and the risk of allergic rhinitis will be increase when exposed to NO2 and PM10.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) in urban and rural areas of Ningbo and Yongzhou. METHOD: Fifteen fields in the two cities from October 2006 to June 2007 were randomly selected. Cases suspected with symptoms of AR by a self-administered and interview questionnaire were recommended to special examinations for confirmed diagnosis. RESULT: 1. A total of 9969 individuals from 3803 families were surveyed, of whom 303 suffered with AR. 2. The prevalence rate was 4.10% in Ningbo and 1.65% in Yongzhou (the sex-adjusted rate was 4.10% and 1.64% respectively, and the age-adjusted rate was 4.33% and 1.58%); the population of island inhabitants had the lowest prevalence rate of 0.73%. 3. The prevalence rate in patients with asthma and that with family genetic history was 8% and 12% respectively. CONCLUSION It demonstrates that the prevalence rate is higher in Ningbo than in Yongzhou, in urban than in rural and in adolescent than in other ages. Allergic rhinitis may be associated with asthma and related to genetic factors. Allergic rhinitis may be curable.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asthma ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; epidemiology ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the teaching effect of flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning (PBL) in the teaching of the Diagnostic Audiology course.Methods:A total of 72 undergraduate students majoring in audiology and speech rehabilitation in the classes of 2019 and 2020 in Chongqing Medical University were enrolled as subjects, and three chapters of the Diagnostic Audiology course were selected for teaching reform. The 34 students in the class of 2019 were enrolled as control group and received lecture-based learning (LBL), and the 38 students in the class of 2020 were enrolled as experimental group and received flipped classroom combined with PBL. The teaching effect was evaluated by comparing the two groups in terms of classroom test scores, classroom participation scores, degree of satisfaction with teaching effect, and overall satisfaction with teaching. SPSS 23.0 software was used to perform the t-test, the chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results:The experimental group had a significantly higher classroom test score than the control group (25.95±1.21 vs. 23.21±1.55, P<0.001). In terms of classroom participation scores, the experimental group had significantly higher scores of participation in class discussion, cooperative and collaborative abilities, and questioning skills than the control group (all P<0.001). In terms of the degree of satisfaction with teaching, compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly higher degrees of satisfaction in the dimensions such as interest in learning, mastery of theoretical knowledge, teamwork and collaboration abilities, self-learning ability, and self-presentation ( P=0.005, 0.009, 0.001, 0.016, and 0.005). In addition, the experimental group had a significantly higher degree of overall satisfaction with teaching than the control group ( P=0.006). Conclusion:Flipped classroom combined with PBL has a good teaching effect in the Diagnostic Audiology course and thus holds promise for further application.

Objective To examine survival differences in prognosis and survival between patients with HPV-positive and those with HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).Methods Pubmed,Embase,Web of science and Medline databases were searched from their inception till June 2014.A random-effect meta-analysis was used to pool study estimates evaluating overall (all-cause mortality),disease-specific (death from OPSCC),disease-free (recurrence free),progression-free survival outcomes and local regional control rate in HPV-positive vs HPV-negative OPSCC.After study selection,two reviewers assessed and extracted data independently.Meta-analysis was performed using the STATA 11.0software.Results Thirty-seven studies were included.HPV-positive OPSCC patients had a better overall survival compared to HPV-negative patients (HR 0.39,95％ CI 0.32-0.46).HPV-positive OPSCC patients had a significantly lower disease specific mortality (HR 0.31,95％ CI 0.22-0.39) and were less likely to experience progression or recurrence of their cancers than HPV-negative patients (HR 0.34,95％CI 0.25-0.42).Both disease-free survival and progression-free survival were significantly improved in patients with HPV-positive OPSCC (HR 0.38,95％ CI 0.29-0.47 and HR 0.46,95％ CI 0.29-0.63,respectively).Conclusions HPV infection is an important prognostic factor of OPSCC.Stratified therapies can be applied in OPSCC based on HPV status of tumours.