Flavonoid is one of interested compounds in treatment for cancers. The authors extracts flavonoid from the leaves Houttuynia cordata and tested on S-180 cancer cells that they cultured vitro in mice. This product has effects by inhibited the growth of ascite cancer. However, the studies on large mice models are needed to survey their survival, mortality as well as clinical course, biochemical, pathology, and side effects. Flavonoid has cytotoxic activity on S-180, and maintain excessive cytotoxic on that cells
Neoplasms ; Flavonoids ; Houttuynia ; Flavonoids

OBJECTIVETo study the solubilization of O/W microemulsion system for volatile oil from Houttuynia Cordra and determine the formulation of its microemulsion.

METHODThe solubilization curve was drawn from pseudo-ternary phase diagram plotted by using the method of titration. The microemulsion's effect on solubilization for volatile oil from Houttuynia Cordra was systematically studied and the difference solubilization effects between colloid fluid and microemulsion were compared.

RESULTExcipient varieties and amount of microemulsion had effects on solubilization for volatile oil from Houttuynia Cordra. The formulation of its microemulsion was determined and we chose medium-chain triglycerides as oil phase, polyoxyethylene castor oil EL-35 as surfactant, propylene glycol as cosurfactant and the surfactant to cosurfactant ratio was 2.

CONCLUSIONSuitable microemulsion formulation can solubilize volatile oil from Houttuynia Cordra and it can provide research foundation for further development of microemulsion preparation for volatile oil from Houttuynia Cordra.

Emulsions ; chemistry ; Houttuynia ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; Solubility

OBJECTIVETo analyze irrational clinical application of Houttuynia Injection (HI) and the risk of adverse event (AE) occurrence, thus providing references for after-sales reevaluation and rational clinical application of HI.

METHODSLiteratures concerning unreasonable application of HI were searched (terminated by June 2010) from PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Disc (CBMdisc), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full-text Database (VIP), and etc. for case report, cross-sectional study, and clinical control study.

RESULTSA total of 342 papers with a total of 416 AE cases were retrieved. Of them, AE happened to 294 cases (including 290 children) of the 132 papers concerning contraindications, and 48 with allergic shock; AE happened to 57 cases in 9 papers reporting over-dose, and 6 with high risk combined medication. Sixteen irrational administration ways were reported in 195 papers. Of them, AE happened to 59 cases of seven administration ways (twenty cases by intracavitary injection, thirteen by aerosol inhalation, ten by rinse, eight by oral administration, one by enema, one by acupoint injection, and one by rectal administering). AE was not reported in the rest ten reports.

CONCLUSIONThe risk of AE occurrence was increased by changing clinical administration ways of HI without authorization, over-dose medication, high risk combined medication, and application in people with contraindications.

Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Houttuynia ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Injections

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the sensitization effect of polysorbate 80 and polysorbate 80 contained Houttuynia cordata Injection in different concentrations on Beagle.

METHODSBeagles, a kind of animal highly sensitive to sensitizing agents, were randomly divided into 18 groups, 3 in each group. They received respectively the intravenous infusion of polysorbate 80 made by different factories in different concentrations (0.25%, 0.10%, 0.05%), and Houttuynia cordata Injection containing polysorbate 80 in concentration of 0.25% or 0.30%, with the constant infusing speed of 5 mL/min and volume of 10 mL/kg. Changes of animals' condition were observed before infusion and in the 24 h after infusion, time of symptom appearance and disappearance was recorded, and the grade of response was determined. Moreover, blood samples of animals were collected before infusion and 10 min after ending infusion for measuring histamine content in plasma using ELISA. Then the sensitization effect was comprehensively estimated by combined consideration of the responding grade and histamine level.

RESULTSNo typical symptom of anaphylactoid reaction and over 1-fold increase of histamine level was found in all groups that received intravenous infusion of polysorbate 80 or polysorbate 80 contained Houttuynia cordata Injection in different concentrations. Estimation showed that all test solutions didn't induce typical anaphylactoid reaction on Beagle.

CONCLUSIONSConsidering both the appearance of symptoms and the elevation of blood content of histamine could be taken as the criteria for comprehensive diagnosis of anaphylactoid reactions. The solubilization effect and safety (for foreclose anaphylactoid reaction) of polysorbate 80 could be ensured by controlling its quality and concentration below 0.25% or 0.30%.

Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; Animals ; Dogs ; Houttuynia ; adverse effects ; Injections ; Polysorbates ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo explore the once sampling quantitation of Houttuynia cordata through its DNA polymorphic bands that carried information entropy, from other form that the expression of traditional Chinese medicine polymorphism, genetic polymorphism, of traditional Chinese medicine.

METHODThe technique of inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) was applied to analyze genetic polymorphism of H. cordata samples from the same GAP producing area, the DNA genetic bands were transformed its into the information entropy, and the minimum once sampling quantitation with the mathematical mode was measured.

RESULTOne hundred and thirty-four DNA bands were obtained by using 9 screened ISSR primers to amplify from 46 strains DNA samples of H. cordata from the same GAP, the information entropy was H=0.365 6-0.978 6, and RSD was 14.75%. The once sampling quantitation was W=11.22 kg (863 strains).

CONCLUSIONThe "once minimum sampling quantitation" were calculated from the angle of the genetic polymorphism of H. cordata, and a great differences between this volume and the amount from the angle of fingerprint were found.

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis ; DNA, Plant ; Genetic Variation ; Houttuynia ; genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics

Flavonoids, which form a major component in Houttuynia cordata Thunb., display a wide range of pharmacological activities. The expression of plant flavonoids is partly regulated by fermentation. Therefore, we studied the effects of fermentation on H. cordata in order to identify the strains present during the fermentation process, and to determine whether fermented H. cordata could be used as a probiotic. Our results showed that all 6 of the bacterial strains isolated from fermented H. cordata (FHC) belonged to the genus Bacillus. As expected, fermenting H cordata also increased the flavonoid content as increases were observed in the levels of rutin, quercitrin, and quercetin. To test the effects of fermentation, we treated LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with non-fermented H. cordata extracts (HCE) or FHC extracts (FHCE). Compared to the HCE-treated cells, the FHCE-treated cells showed increased viability. No cytotoxic effects were detected in the FHCE-treated groups in the 2 cell lines used in the study, namely, RAW264.7 and RBL-2H3. FHCE-treated HepG2 cells showed decreased growth, compared to HCE-treated HepG2 cells. These results indicate that the fermented H. cordata predominantly contained Bacillus strains. Furthermore, FHCE are able to prevent LPS-induced inflammatory effects and inhibit the growth of HepG2 cells.
Bacillus ; Cell Line ; Fermentation ; Flavonoids ; Hep G2 Cells ; Houttuynia ; Plants ; Probiotics ; Quercetin ; Rutin

OBJECTIVETo establish and optimize the preparation procedures of the anti-complementary polysaccharides from Houttuynia cordata.

METHODBased on the yield and anti-complementary activity in vitro, the conditions of extraction and alcohol precipitating process were optimized by orthogonal tests. The optimal condition of deproteinization was determined according to the results of protein removed and polysaccharide maintained. The best decoloring method was also optimized by orthogonal experimental design.

RESULTThe optimized preparation procedures were given as follows: extract the coarse powder 3 times with 50 times volume of water at 90 degrees C for 2 hours every time, combine the extracts and concentrate appropriately, equivalent to 0.12 g of H. cordata per milliliter. Add 4 times volume of 90% ethanol to the extract, allow to stand for 24 hours to precipitate totally, filter and the precipitate was successfully washed with anhydrous alcohol, acetone and anhydrous ether. Resolve the residue with water, add trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to a concentration of 20% to remove protein. Decoloration was at a concentration of 3% with activated carbon at pH 3.0, 50 degrees C for 50 min. The above procedures above were tested 3 times, resulting in the average yield of polysaccharides at 4.03% (RSD 0.96%), the average concentrations of polysaccharides and protein at 80.97% (RSD 1.5%) and 2.02% (RSD 2.3%), and average CH50 at 0.079 g x L-(-1) (RSD 3.6%).

CONCLUSIONThe established and optimized procedures are repeatable and reliable to prepare the anti-complementary polysaccharides with high quality and activity from H. cordata.

Complement Inactivating Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Houttuynia ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo provide scientific proofs for the exploitation, utilization, and normalized cultivation of Houttuynia cordata.

METHODThe underground parts of 17 wild H. cordata populations from different valleys and altitudes of mountain. Emei were transplanted to the same growth conditions. After one year's cultivation, volatile oil was obtained by steam distillation from the aerial part of the materials. The chemical constituents were separated and identified by GC-MS, and the relative content of each constituent was determined by area normalization.

RESULTTotally, 31 chemical components were identified, 19 components could be detected in all materials. The t-test results indicated that the contents of alpha-pinene and D-limonene were extremely significantly higher than that in the wild populations, and the contents of camphene and 2-undecanone were also significantly higher than that in the wild populations. And the reverse was found in the content of trans-beta-ocimene. All these 31 components could be divided into 9 chemical compositions, and 7 chemical compositions could be detected in the wild and cultivated. RSD values of 5 chemical compositions in wild populations were higher than that in the cultivated, except for the contents of diterpenyl alcohols and diterpenyl aldehydes. These five chemical compositions accounted for 84.05% and 90.12% of the whole volatile oils in the wild and cultivated conditions, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe components and contents of the volatile oils between wild and cultivated were different. The volatile oils polymorphism decrease distinctively as all the wild populations of H. cordata were transplanted to the uniform environmental conditions.

Houttuynia ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; chemistry ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo develop a GC-MS method for the determination of methyl nonyl ketone in the volatile oil from the herbs of Houttuynia cordata.

METHODThe sample was split in the 240 degrees C injection port, with 20:1 split ratio, and separated on a DB-5 (30 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 microm film thickness) fused silica column with helium as the carrier gas. The temperature program was as follows: 100 degrees C for 2 min, the 5 degrees C x min(-1) to 150 degrees C, then 15 degrees C x min(-1) to 200 degrees C, and kept for 10 min. The MS transfer line temperature was set to 250 degrees C, the MS source temperature was set to 200 degrees C. The ionization mode was electron ionization (EI) and the selective ion monitor mode was used.

RESULTA good linear relationship was constructed over the injection amount range of 5.5-110 ng of methyl nonyl ketone. The average recovery was 98.9%, and RSD was 2. 2%.

CONCLUSIONThe developed method was sensitive, accurate, and can be used for the determination of methyl nonyl ketone in the volatile oil and for the quality control of H. cordata.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Houttuynia ; chemistry ; Ketones ; analysis ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis

Antithrombus is one of the effective methods to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,the author's previous research and relevant literature,it was found that the alkaloids in Houttuynia cordata has potential antithrombotic effect. However,the pharmacological substance basis and antithrombotic mechanism of H. cordata have not been clarified. In this study,molecular docking was used for virtual screening of antithrombotic alkaloids from H. cordata. Seventy alkaloids selected from H. cordata were screened in the docking ligand data-base with teen thrombosis targets with known crystal structures as the receptors. In addition,the small-molecule approved or to be approved drugs of targets from Drug Bank database were set as a positive reference with minimum score(S value) of each target's approved or to be approved drugs as threshold. The Dock module in Molecular Operating Environment(Version 2016) software was applied to screen the potential active compounds which their scores(S value) were lower than the minimum score of reference. At last the mechanism of antithrombotic effect was preliminarily revealed by compared the main active sites of the test alkaloids with original ligands and references. This study provided some useful information to development of antithrombus drugs.
Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; pharmacology ; Houttuynia ; chemistry ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Phytochemicals ; pharmacology