1.Effects of Triclosan on Neural Stem Cell Viability and Survival.
Bo Kyung PARK ; Edson Luck T GONZALES ; Sung Min YANG ; Minji BANG ; Chang Soon CHOI ; Chan Young SHIN
Biomolecules & Therapeutics 2016;24(1):99-107
Triclosan is an antimicrobial or sanitizing agent used in personal care and household products such as toothpaste, soaps, mouthwashes and kitchen utensils. There are increasing evidence of the potentially harmful effects of triclosan in many systemic and cellular processes of the body. In this study, we investigated the effects of triclosan in the survivability of cultured rat neural stem cells (NSCs). Cortical cells from embryonic day 14 rat embryos were isolated and cultured in vitro. After stabilizing the culture, triclosan was introduced to the cells with concentrations ranging from 1 muM to 50 muM and in varied time periods. Thereafter, cell viability parameters were measured using MTT assay and PI staining. TCS decreased the cell viability of treated NSC in a concentration-dependent manner along with increased expressions of apoptotic markers, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, while reduced expression of Bcl2. To explore the mechanisms underlying the effects of TCS in NSC, we measured the activation of MAPKs and intracellular ROS. TCS at 50 muM induced the activations of both p38 and JNK, which may adversely affect cell survival. In contrast, the activities of ERK, Akt and PI3K, which are positively correlated with cell survival, were inhibited. Moreover, TCS at this concentration augmented the ROS generation in treated NSC and depleted the glutathione activity. Taken together, these results suggest that TCS can induce neurodegenerative effects in developing rat brains through mechanisms involving ROS activation and apoptosis initiation.
Animals
;
Apoptosis
;
Brain
;
Caspase 3
;
Cell Survival
;
Embryonic Structures
;
Glutathione
;
Household Products
;
Humans
;
Mouthwashes
;
Neural Stem Cells*
;
Rats
;
Soaps
;
Toothpastes
;
Triclosan*
2.What must be done to prevent another humidifier disinfectant disaster?.
Environmental Health and Toxicology 2016;31(1):e2016024-
The humidifier disinfectant disaster (HDD) was not a simple poisoning accident by biocides, but a singular disaster in history created by chemicals in household products. This disaster was a result of the failure of a system for the management of chemical and product safety. Since the management authority for chemical usage safety is different from those for chemical safety in products, many blind areas for chemical safety management in products still remain. The ‘Act on the Registration and Evaluation, etc. of Chemical Substances (ARECS)’ or the new ‘Biocidal Product Act’ must not only address the blind areas in the management system for chemical and product safety, but also prevent a second HDD. To prevent another HDD, an integrated registration, evaluation, and management system for chemicals and consumer products must be incorporated into the ‘ARECS’ as an essential part for chemical safety in consumer products.
Chemical Safety
;
Disasters*
;
Disinfectants
;
Household Products
;
Humidifiers*
;
Poisoning
3.Comparison between Emergency Patient Poisoning Cases and the Tox-Info System Database.
Hyun Jong KIM ; Yang Weon KIM ; Hyun KIM ; Chang Bae PARK ; Byung Hak SO ; Kyeong Ryong LEE ; Kyung Woo LEE ; Kyung Won LEE ; Sung Woo LEE ; Jang Young LEE ; Gyu Chong CHO ; Junho CHO ; Sung Phil CHUNG
Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology 2012;10(1):8-14
PURPOSE: The Tox-Info system is a poisonous substance information database developed by the Korean National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation. The aim of this study was to estimate the coverage effectiveness of the Tox-Info system by comparing the toxic substances included in the database with the distribution of the toxic substances implicated in the cases of intoxicated patients presenting to emergency departments. The secondary aim of the study was to propose any additional substances that should be added to the database. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients suffering with toxic exposure who had visited any of 12 selected emergency departments in Korea from January 2010 to December 2011. The identified toxic substances were classified into groups including prescription drugs, agricultural chemicals, household products, animals or plants, herbal drugs, and others. We calculated the coverage rate of the Tox-Info database relative to the number of intoxication cases and the type of toxic substances involved. RESULTS: A total of 5,840 intoxicated patient records were collected. Their mean age was 46.6+/-20.5 years and 56.2% were female. Of the total intoxication cases, 87.8% of the identified toxic substances were included in the Tox-Info database, while only 41.6% of all of the types of identified toxic substances were included. Broken down by category, 122 prescription drugs, 15 agricultural chemicals, 12 household products, 14 animals or plants and 2 herbal drugs involved in poisoning cases were not included in the Tox-info database. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the clinical usefulness of the Tox-Info system. While 87.8% of the substances involved in the cases were included in the Tox-Info database, the database should be continuously updated in order to include even the most uncommon toxic substances.
Agrochemicals
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Animals
;
Emergencies
;
Female
;
Household Products
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Medical Records
;
Prescription Drugs
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Stress, Psychological
4.A Case of Contact Dermatitis due to Lead.
Hyoung Cheol YOO ; Jee Bum LEE ; Seung Chul LEE ; Young Ho WON
Korean Journal of Dermatology 2000;38(9):1258-1259
Lead has been widely used in industry and contained in various household products. However, allergic reaction to lead is known to be extremely rare. A 23-year-old woman who had been working in an electronics company for 1 year presented with pruritic erythematous macules and papules on both arms and hands of 1 month duration. She was diagnosed as a contact dermatitis due to lead by patch test using lead nitrite(0.01% aq.). The cutaneous eruption subsided with treatment and has not recurred by changing the working place for 6 months. We report a case of contact dermatitis due to lead.
Arm
;
Dermatitis, Contact*
;
Female
;
Hand
;
Household Products
;
Humans
;
Hypersensitivity
;
Patch Tests
;
Young Adult
5.A Case of Contact Dermatitis due to Lead.
Hyoung Cheol YOO ; Jee Bum LEE ; Seung Chul LEE ; Young Ho WON
Korean Journal of Dermatology 2000;38(9):1258-1259
Lead has been widely used in industry and contained in various household products. However, allergic reaction to lead is known to be extremely rare. A 23-year-old woman who had been working in an electronics company for 1 year presented with pruritic erythematous macules and papules on both arms and hands of 1 month duration. She was diagnosed as a contact dermatitis due to lead by patch test using lead nitrite(0.01% aq.). The cutaneous eruption subsided with treatment and has not recurred by changing the working place for 6 months. We report a case of contact dermatitis due to lead.
Arm
;
Dermatitis, Contact*
;
Female
;
Hand
;
Household Products
;
Humans
;
Hypersensitivity
;
Patch Tests
;
Young Adult
6.Assessment of relationship between the use of household products and atopic dermatitis in Seoul: focused on products with associated risks
Jihee CHOI ; Jeonghoon KIM ; KyooSang KIM
Environmental Health and Toxicology 2019;34(1):e2019006-
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the use of certain household products (HPs) at home and atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults. The study was conducted on 1,500 households in Seoul, South Korea. We obtained information on general characteristics, the use of HPs, and AD through an online panel survey in July 2018. HPs were selected as 23 kinds of products with associated risks that are management targets of the Ministry of Environment. The international study of asthma and allergies in childhood was used for the AD questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify AD affected by the use of HPs. Average number of used HPs was 13.44 out of 23, and average usage frequency of HPs was 3.52 times a month at home in Seoul for the last 1 year. Compared with subjects with a low number of HPs used (reference), subjects with a high number of used HPs (4th quartile) were more likely to have lifetime diagnosis of AD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI); 1.23-2.54), symptoms of AD in the last 12 months (OR = 2.66, 95% CI; 1.92-3.70), and treatment of AD in the last 12 months (OR = 2.37, 95% CI; 1.48-3.80). Compared with subjects with a low HPs usage frequency (reference), subjects with a high HPs usage frequency (4th quartile) were more likely to have lifetime diagnosis of AD (OR = 1.88, 95% CI; 1.31-2.70), symptoms of AD in the last 12 months (OR = 2.14, 95% CI; 1.54-2.96), and treatment of AD in the last 12 months (OR = 2.23, 95% CI; 1.39-3.60). Therefore, the use of HPs was significantly associated with AD. The findings of this study might be useful as basic data for managing allergic diseases and establishing preventive measures.
Adult
;
Asthma
;
Dermatitis, Atopic
;
Diagnosis
;
Family Characteristics
;
Household Products
;
Humans
;
Hypersensitivity
;
Korea
;
Logistic Models
;
Seoul
7.Assessment of relationship between the use of household products and atopic dermatitis in Seoul: focused on products with associated risks
Jihee CHOI ; Jeonghoon KIM ; KyooSang KIM
Environmental Health and Toxicology 2019;34(1):2019006-
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the use of certain household products (HPs) at home and atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults. The study was conducted on 1,500 households in Seoul, South Korea. We obtained information on general characteristics, the use of HPs, and AD through an online panel survey in July 2018. HPs were selected as 23 kinds of products with associated risks that are management targets of the Ministry of Environment. The international study of asthma and allergies in childhood was used for the AD questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify AD affected by the use of HPs. Average number of used HPs was 13.44 out of 23, and average usage frequency of HPs was 3.52 times a month at home in Seoul for the last 1 year. Compared with subjects with a low number of HPs used (reference), subjects with a high number of used HPs (4th quartile) were more likely to have lifetime diagnosis of AD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI); 1.23-2.54), symptoms of AD in the last 12 months (OR = 2.66, 95% CI; 1.92-3.70), and treatment of AD in the last 12 months (OR = 2.37, 95% CI; 1.48-3.80). Compared with subjects with a low HPs usage frequency (reference), subjects with a high HPs usage frequency (4th quartile) were more likely to have lifetime diagnosis of AD (OR = 1.88, 95% CI; 1.31-2.70), symptoms of AD in the last 12 months (OR = 2.14, 95% CI; 1.54-2.96), and treatment of AD in the last 12 months (OR = 2.23, 95% CI; 1.39-3.60). Therefore, the use of HPs was significantly associated with AD. The findings of this study might be useful as basic data for managing allergic diseases and establishing preventive measures.
Adult
;
Asthma
;
Dermatitis, Atopic
;
Diagnosis
;
Family Characteristics
;
Household Products
;
Humans
;
Hypersensitivity
;
Korea
;
Logistic Models
;
Seoul
8.Association between exposure to antimicrobial household products and allergic symptoms.
Soyoung HONG ; Ho Jang KWON ; Won Jun CHOI ; Wan Ryung LIM ; Jeonghoon KIM ; Kyoosang KIM
Environmental Health and Toxicology 2014;29(1):e2014017-
OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial chemicals are used in a variety of household and personal care products. Exposure to antimicrobial household products has been hypothesized to lead to allergic diseases in children. METHODS: We investigated antimicrobial household product exposure and allergic symptoms in Korean children. An antimicrobial exposure (AE) score was derived. To examine the symptoms of allergic diseases (current wheeze, current rhinitis, and current eczema) in the past 12 months, we used a questionnaire based on the core module of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children. Complete data for the analysis were available for 25,805 of the 35,590 (72.5%) children. RESULTS: The prevalence of current allergic diseases was as follows: wheeze, 5.6%; allergic rhinitis, 32.6%; and eczema, 17.7%. The mean (standard deviation) AE score was 14.3 (9.3) (range: 0-40). Compared with subjects with a low AE score (reference), subjects with a high AE score (fourth quartile) were more likely to have symptoms of wheezing and allergic rhinitis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for wheezing 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.45, p for trend=0.24; aOR for allergic rhinitis 1.30, 95% CI, 1.20-1.40, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that frequent use of antimicrobial household products was associated with current wheeze and current allergic rhinitis.
Asthma
;
Child
;
Eczema
;
Family Characteristics
;
Household Products*
;
Humans
;
Hypersensitivity
;
Odds Ratio
;
Prevalence
;
Respiratory Sounds
;
Rhinitis
;
Triclosan
;
Surveys and Questionnaires
9.Pediatric Poisoning: Clinical Analysis and Severity Grading.
Haeng Jae KIM ; Won KIM ; Taeg Hwan BAE ; Jae Woo JIN ; Chol KIM ; Dong Jin GWAK
Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine 1998;9(1):161-168
BACKGROUND: To find out characteristics and classification of toxic agents by clinical analysis of pediatric poisoning and to determine the clinical availability of grading by using MSPC score. METHOD: Subjects were patients under 15 years exposed to toxic agents, who visited Ajou university hospital emergency center from June, 1994 to October, 1997. The study was performed retrospectively. RESULTS: The subjects were 126 cases and male to female sex ratio was 1.2:1. Mean age was 29+/-30 months old. The most common route of exposure was ingestion, following contact, inhalation and bite. The most common reason was mistake by the patient, following mistake by caregiver, suicide attempt and accident. The MSPC score distribution of symptomatic patient was as follows; 1 point: 26 cases(63.4%), 2 point: 12 cases(29.2%), 3 point: 1 case(2.4%), 4 point: 2 cases(4.8%). The classification of exposed poison was as follows; therapeutic drugs: 29 cases(23.0%), non-therapeutic drugs: 97 cases(73.0%). The most common exposed poison was household products: 23 patients(18.3%) were admitted to hospital. CONCLUSION: There was statistically significant difference in the classification of poison, MSPC score, treatment modality at hospital, first follow up period after discharge between admitted group and non-admitted group. There was statistically significant difference in the reason of exposure, route of exposure, MSPC score, admission period according to patient's age. severity grading according to MSPC score is regarded as an available method to determine the modality of management.
Caregivers
;
Classification
;
Eating
;
Emergencies
;
Female
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Household Products
;
Humans
;
Inhalation
;
Male
;
Poisoning*
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Sex Ratio
;
Suicide
10.Different Characteristics of Toxic Substance/poison Exposure Data that Collected from Pre-hospital Telephone Response and Emergency Department.
Su Jin KIM ; Min Hong CHOA ; Jong Su PARK ; Sung Woo LEE ; Yun Sik HONG
Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology 2014;12(1):1-7
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to find differences in the demographics of toxic exposed patients and substance between call based poison information data and hospital based poison information data. METHODS: Seoul 1339 call-response data were used as call based poison data and toxic related injury surveillance data of the Korean center for disease control and prevention (KCDC) were used as hospital based poison data. Age, sex, the kind of exposed substance, reasons for exposure, and exposure routes were compared between two data sets. We analyzed the presence or not of documentation on the name and amount of exposed substance, symptoms after exposure in call based poison data. RESULTS: Seoul1339 poison data included a total of 2260 information related to toxic exposure and KCDC poison data included 5650 poison cases. There was no difference in sexual distribution. Pediatric exposure and accidental exposure were more common in call based poison data. The most common exposed substances were household products in call based poison data and medicines in hospital based poison data, respectively. Documents regarding amount and time of toxic exposure and symptoms after toxic exposure were not recorded exactly in call based poison data. CONCLUSION: There were significant differences in age, reasons for toxic exposure, and the kinds of exposed substances. Poison information data from both pre-hospital and hospital must be considered.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
;
Dataset
;
Demography
;
Emergency Service, Hospital*
;
Hazardous Substances
;
Household Products
;
Humans
;
Poisoning
;
Seoul
;
Telephone*