This paper was aimed to study the influence ofBu-Shen Hua-TanFang (BSHTF) on the learning and memory function of diabetes mellitus (DM) rats. A total of 50 3-month-old male Wistar rats were randomlydivided into the control group, model group and 3 BSHTF groups (i.e., high-, middle-, and low-dose). A total of 35 mg·kg-1 streptozotocin (STZ) was intraperitoneally injected into the model and BSHT group. The same volume of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution was intraperitoneally injected into the control group. The intragastric administration of BSHTF at the dose of 20, 10, and 5 g·kg-1 was given to the BSHTF groups, respectively. The behavior and content of serum 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) were detected among DM rats after 30 days. The results showed that the levels of serum glucose in the model group and the BSHTF groups were obviously higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). The swimming time to platform of rats in the model group was obviously prolonged compared to the control group with significant difference from the second day on (P < 0.01). The required time in different BSHTF intervention groups was obviously decreased compared with the model group from the 4th day (P< 0.05). The level of serum 3-DG in rats of the model group was obviously higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). The level of serum 3-DG in rats of the middle-dose BSHTF group was obviously decreased compared with the model group (P < 0.05). It was concluded that BSHTF was able to improve the cognitive impairment among DM rats by reducing the levels of serum glucose and serum 3-DG.