Objective To study the perioperative treatment of intra-and extra-hepatic cholelithinsis in patients with liver cirrhosis . Methods The clinical data of intra-and extra-hepatic cholelithinsis in patients with liver cirrhosis in our hospital in resent 10 years was retrospectively analyzed. Results According to the preoperative examation, improving hepatic function(turn child class C to A or B), correcting the coagulation disturbance,decreasing portal vein pressure preoperatively,and proforming operation carefully to reduce bleeding,and giving support treatment and liver care treatment to improve the liver function further postoperatively etc were made.Fifteen cases remained stones, 5 cases appearred chronic liver failure,2 cases appearred kidney failure ,the other 69 cases recovered well. Conclusions If optimizing perioperative treatment is given, favorable effect might be obtained in intra-and extra-hepatic cholelithinsis in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Objective: To apply DNA barcoding to identifying the rodents in Zhejiang Province. Methods : Rodents were captured from Jiashan,Longyou,Yunhe and Ninghai counties in Zhejiang Province. The DNA was extracted from ears of rodent samples,and was amplified and sequenced with mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I（COI）genes. The obtained sequences were compared with the related sequences in GenBank,and neighbour-joining evolutionary tree was constructed. Then the results by DNA barcoding and by morphological identification were compared. Results : A total of 22 COI gene samples were amplified. The evolutionary tree constructed by 18 samples was consistent with the morphological identification results and 4 samples were different：Suncus murinus should be Crocidura lasiura,infant rats of Rattus losea and Rattus tanezumi was re-identified as Rattus rattus,infant rats of Microtus fortis（sample number：NH-1）needs further identification. Conclusion DNA barcoding can effectively correct the errors of morphological identification,thus combining the two methods could improve the accuracy of rodent identification.

Objective: To analyze the genetic diversity of Aedes albopictus populations in the coastal areas of southern China by using the microsatellite markers to provide a basis for the control of vectors. Methods: Genetic diversity and clustering analysis of Aedes albopictus populations were studied in the 7 microsatellite loci, in Hangzhou, Ningbo and Yiwu of Zhejiang province, Longyan of Fujian province, Guangzhou of Guangdong province, Nanning of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Haikou of Hainan province. Results: Numbers of different alleles (5.429-7.571), effective alleles (2.897-3.632), allele richness (5.236-7.170) and expected heterozygosity (0.538- 0.637) were detected from each of the Aedes albopictus population by using 7 microsatellite markers. The inbreeding coefficients appeared as 0.008-0.332, with heterozygote deficiency, in these populations. Fixation index of the whole populations was 0.058, suggesting that the genetic variation among the 7 populations was 5.8%. Data from the Neighbor-Joining clustering analysis showed that populations from Hangzhou and Yiwu belonged to one branch while Longyan and Guangzhou populations constituted another branch. Aedes albopictus populations of Nanning and Haikou showed great genetic variation but formed a single branch. Bayesian analysis on Aedes albopictus populations showed that the possible number of clusters was 3. Conclusions Based on 7 microsatellite loci, relatively high genetic diversity and medium level of genetic differentiation that increasing with the geographical distances, were found in these Aedes albopictus populations, from the coastal areas in southern China.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the clinical safety about repairing the peripheral nerve defects with the acellular allogeneic nerve.

METHODSThe 41 patients (male 38, female 3, age 10 - 55 years old, average 28.9 years old) who were performed chemically extracted acellular nerve allograft transplanting to repair nerve defects from 2002 to 2011. The average interval from injury to nerve repairing was 4.1 months (range, 10 hours to 9 months). There were 41 cases nerve defects including 10 brachial plexus nerves, 3 radial nerves of upper arm, 4 ulnar nerves of forearm, 12 digital and toe nerves, 2 sciatic nerves, 2 femoral nerves, 3 tibial nerves and 5 common peroneal nerves. There were 12 cases combined fractures and 20 soft tissue injury or defects. The average length of the nerve allograft to bridge the nerve defects was 6.1 cm (range, 2 - 10 cm). No immunosuppressive drugs were used in all cases. The clinical safety was evaluated through physical examination, blood biochemistry and immunity detection.

RESULTSAll cases were followed up post-operation. They got primary wound healing except 2 superficial infection who got delay healing through dressings changing. No any adverse effects happened including immunological rejection, hypersensitivity reaction, deep infection, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

CONCLUSIONSIt is safe and feasible to repairing human peripheral nerve defects with chemically extracted acellular nerve allograft.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; surgery ; Peripheral Nerves ; transplantation ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective:To perform adenovirus detection and genetic evolutionary analysis on specimens from a fever outbreak in Kunming city.Methods:Pharyngeal swabs from typical febrile patients were collected and tested for nucleic acids of 30 common respiratory pathogens using TaqMan Array Card technology. The full-length sequences of three important genes of adenovirus, Penton base, Hexon and Fiber, were amplified, sequenced and typed using Nanopore high-throughput sequencing. A phylogenetic tree was constructed. Molecular variations and genetic evolution of the three genes were analyzed.Results:Five specimens were collected and all of them tested positive for adenovirus and Haemophilus influenzae. The sequences of the full-length coding regions of the Penton base, Hexon and Fiber genes were obtained by Nanopore sequencing. The homology of the three gene sequences in the five specimens was 100.0%, 99.9%-100.0% and 100.0% in nucleotide sequences, and 100.0% in amino acid sequences. The three genes in the specimens had the highest homology with those of the reference strain of human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV3, accession number: AY599834) in nucleotide sequences, which was 98.6%, 98.7% and 98.9%, respectively. Results of the phylogenetic analysis of the three genes were basically consistent. These Kunming strains were clustered into an independent clade with the reference HAdV3 strain and had a distant relationship with the strains isolated in foreign countries and Taiwan, China in the early years. They were closely related to the domestic and foreign strains in recent years and highly homologous to the 2019 Japanese strain (accession: LC703523) and the Guangzhou strain (accession: MZ540961). Compared with the reference strain, these Kunming strains had five amino acid variations in Penton base, 10 in Hexon and 11 in Fiber. Conclusions:All of the adenovirus strains isolated in this outbreak belong to P3H3F3 type based on the full-length sequences of Penton base, Hexon and Fiber genes. They share high homology with the domestic and foreign HAdV3 strains, including the reference strain. Compared with the reference strain, several amino acid mutations are identified in these Kunming strains, and most of them are in the high variability region or functional regions. M7L in the Hexon protein is an unique amino acid mutation site of Kunming strains.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEHirsutanol A is a novel sesquiterpene compound purified from fungus chondrostereum sp in Sarcophyton tortuosum. Its pharmacologic effect has not been reported yet. This study aimed to investigate cytotoxic effect of Hirsutanol A on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and its mechanism.

METHODSHep3B cells were treated with different concentrations of Hirsutanol A. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. The protein expression of LC3 was determined by Western blot. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was monitored by flow cytometry.

RESULTSHirsutanol A significantly inhibited proliferation of Hep3B cells with 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50) of 14.54, 6.71, and 3.59 micromol/L when exposed to Hirsutanol A for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Incubation of Hep3B cells with Hirsutanol A markedly increased the level of ROS and the autophagy marker MAP-LC3 conversion from type I to type II. Pre-incubation with an antioxidant N-acetyl cystein (NAC) decreased the level of ROS, and reduced MAP-LC3 I-II conversion, and suppressed cell death. Blocking autophagy with a specific autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), the cytotoxic effect of this compound was attenuated.

CONCLUSIONHirsutanol A has potent cytotoxic effect, and can induce autophagic cell death via increasing ROS production.

Acetylcysteine ; pharmacology ; Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Agaricales ; chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Autophagy ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Death ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Free Radical Scavengers ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Sesquiterpenes ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

Objective:In chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with previous 96-week treatment with tenofovir amibufenamide (TMF) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), we investigated the efficacy of sequential TMF treatment from 96 to 144 weeks.Methods:Enrolled subjects who were previously assigned (2:1) to receive either 25 mg TMF or 300 mg TDF with matching placebo for 96 weeks received extended or switched TMF treatment for 48 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated based on virological, serological, biological parameters, and fibrosis staging. Statistical analysis was performed using the McNemar test, t-test, or Log-Rank test according to the data. Results:593 subjects from the initial TMF group and 287 subjects from the TDF group were included at week 144, with the proportions of HBV DNA<20 IU/ml at week 144 being 86.2% and 83.3%, respectively, and 78.1% and 73.8% in patients with baseline HBV DNA levels ≥8 log10 IU/ml. Resistance to tenofovir was not detected in both groups. For HBeAg loss and seroconversion rates, both groups showed a further increase from week 96 to 144 and the 3-year cumulative rates of HBeAg loss were about 35% in each group. However, HBsAg levels were less affected during 96 to 144 weeks. For patients switched from TDF to TMF, a substantial further increase in the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization rate was observed (11.4%), along with improved FIB-4 scores.Conclusion:After 144 weeks of TMF treatment, CHB patients achieved high rates of virological, serological, and biochemical responses, as well as improved liver fibrosis outcomes. Also, switching to TMF resulted in significant benefits in ALT normalization rates (NCT03903796).

Objective:In chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with previous 96-week treatment with tenofovir amibufenamide (TMF) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), we investigated the safety profile of sequential TMF treatment from 96 to 144 weeks.Methods:Enrolled subjects that previously assigned (2:1) to receive either 25 mg TMF or 300 mg TDF with matching placebo for 96 weeks received extending or switching TMF treatment for 48 weeks. Safety profiles of kidney, bone, metabolism, body weight, and others were evaluated.Results:666 subjects from the initial TMF group and 336 subjects from TDF group with at least one dose of assigned treatment were included at week 144. The overall safety profile was favorable in each group and generally similar between extended or switched TMF treatments from week 96 to 144. In subjects switching from TDF to TMF, the non-indexed estimated glomerular filtration rate (by non-indexed CKD-EPI formula) and creatinine clearance (by Cockcroft-Gault formula) were both increased, which were (2.31±8.33) ml/min and (4.24±13.94) ml/min, respectively. These changes were also higher than those in subjects with extending TMF treatment [(0.91±8.06) ml/min and (1.30±13.94) ml/min]. Meanwhile, switching to TMF also led to an increase of the bone mineral density (BMD) by 0.75% in hip and 1.41% in spine. On the other side, a slight change in TC/HDL ratio by 0.16 (IQR: 0.00, 0.43) and an increase in body mass index (BMI) by (0.54±0.98) kg/m 2 were oberved with patients switched to TMF, which were significantly higher than that in TMF group. Conclusion:CHB patients receiving 144 weeks of TMF treatment showed favorable safety profile. After switching to TMF, the bone and renal safety was significantly improved in TDF group, though experienceing change in metabolic parameters and weight gain (NCT03903796).

OBJECTIVETo explore the model and the feasibility of newborn hearing and ocular disease simultaneous screening program and to study the birth prevalence of newborn hearing loss and newborn ocular diseases.

METHODSThe universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) was performed using transient otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) in well baby nursery and by a two-stage TEOAE and auto auditory brainstem response (AABR) protocol in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The UNHS was simultaneous done with newborn ocular disease screening program. The examination technical method was following: the response to light, external inspection of the eyes and lids, pupil examination, red reflex examination, funduscope examination after pupil dilation for referral (for all newborn in NICU). The infants who were referred by two-stage hearing screening and/or had high-risk factors of hearing loss received following-up and routine audiological evaluation and personalized intervention from 6 months to 3 years of age. The cases had positive sign and (or) abnormal results of the ocular disease screening were referred for further examination by pediatric ophthalmologists.

RESULTSA total of 16 800 children born in Jinan Maternal and Child Hospital from October 1, 2002 to April 30, 2005. Of these infants, 15 398 cases (91.7%) had access to the simultaneous screening program for hearing and ocular diseases. The incidence of congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) among infants who did UNHS was 0.312% (48/15 398) in bilateral and 0.227% (35/15 398) in unilateral; Of the 4 cases of congenital SNHL complicated with newborn ocular diseases: 1 profound SNHL (bilateral), auditory neuropathy with congenital cataract (bilateral), 1 mild SNHL (bilateral) with membrana papillaris perseverance (left) and 1 mild SNHL (bilateral) with retina vein dilatation (bilateral), 1 mild SNHL (right) with persistent hyaloid artery (bilateral). In all 15 398 newborns, 15 neonates with congenital cataract were detected (22 eyes, 0.10%). Twenty seven neonates with less than 1500 g birth weight admitted to NICU, retinopathy of prematurity was detected in 3 neonates (6 eyes).

CONCLUSIONHearing loss and ocular diseases was not rare in neonatal and infancy. Newborn hearing and ocular disease simultaneous screening program was not only feasible but also effective in detecting hearing loss and (or) ocular disorders. Early intervention was important for the prevention or treatment of neonatal hearing loss and (or) ocular diseases, such as newborn hearing loss with congenital cataract, retinopathy of prematurity and so on.

Eye Diseases ; congenital ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Hearing Loss ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neonatal Screening ; methods ; Vision Tests

Aim To analyze the main components of effective fractions of Inula cappa in rat plasma with UHPLC/Q-TOF/MS technology and serum pharmacochemistry theory.Methods After gavage administration with Inula cappa extracts,blood was collected from abdominal aorta,and the protein in plasma sample was precipitated by methanol.Eclipse Plus C18 RRHD (2.1 mm × 100 mm,1.8 μm) was used,with 0.1％ formic acid agueous solution (A)-0.1％ formic acid and acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase for gradient elution,and the flow rate was 0.3 mL ·min-1 Detected at negative ion mode,and with the help of Metabolite Tools software from Bruker Corporation,components in plasma were defined.Results A total of 16 compounds were identified,including 9 prototypes and 7 metabolites.Main metabolites were isomerization,methylation,glucuronidation and recombination of caffeoylquinic acid.Conclusions Therefore,our study has comprehensively expounded Inula cappa extracts' constituents migrating to rat plasma,and provided a reference for further studies for in vivo metabolic process and effective material base of Inula cappa.