Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now an important diagnostic technology in determining brain structure injury. It has important meaning for determining the pathological type of CP, MRI findings in CP showed a good correlation with CP type, gestational age, etiology and injury time. In this article, the authors reviewed the advance in research on relationship between changes in MRI and gestational age, etiology and injury time.

Objective To investigate the technical feasibility and oncological safety of EPMR for early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions. Methods Clinicopathological data, procedure quality and complications of 70 patients with early esophageal cancer or precancerous lesions were retrospectively ana?lysed. The technical safety and feasibility were assessed, and the complications were investigated through postoperative surveillance. The results were compared with published data from two high?quality meta?analysis studies on ESD. Results In a total of 70 patients who underwent EPMR, 35?7%( 25/70) were diagnosed as having early esophageal cancer and 64?3%( 45/70) atypical hyperplasia. And tumor size greater than 2 cm was 78?6%(55/70). The mean EPMR time was(28?31±9?49) minutes. The R0 resection rate of EPMR was 88?6%(62/70) and no perforation occurred. The bleeding rate was 21?4%(15/70). The esoph?ageal stricture rate was 1?4%( 1/70) . The recurrence rate was 2?9%( 2/70) . Compared with published ESD data from the two studies, EPMR showed shorter procedure time, lower curative rate and lower rates of stric?ture and perforation, but slightly higher rates of bleeding and recurrence. Conclusion Both EPMR and ESD are feasible and effective for early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions. The curative results of EPMR are similar to ESD, with shorter procedure time, but higher bleeding and recurrence rates.

Objective To study the HPLC fingerprints of isoflavones from different medicinal plants of G.max and establish a sensitive and specific method for controlling the quality of the soybean isoflavone.Methods The gradient elution mode was applied in chromatographic separation.A C_(18) column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) was used with the mobile phase: ice acetic acid water solution(pH value 3.2)-methanol,flow rate: 0.6 mL/min,detecting wavelength: 261 nm,and the column temperature: room temperature.All 25 samples collected from different species were determined.The clustering analysis and the software of similarity analysis were applied for datum analysis.Results This method had a good repeatability and reproducibility.The ratio of peaks′ area from distinct samples were different.Conclusion The method can show the difference of chemical compositions among species completely and can be used as a quality control method for soybean.

Objective To investigate the applicative value of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) in the differential diagnosis of small hypoechoic thyroid nodules.Methods 31 patients were pathologically confirmed as having a total of 44 small hypoechoic thyroid nodules ≤ 1 cm in diameter,followed by analyses of the characteristics of their ARFI images,including virtual touch tissue imaging (VTI) and virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ).Based on VTI images of the nodules,the hardness of small hypoechoic thyroid nodules was respectively scored,and the ratios of VTI images to gray scale image areas were calculated.With pathological diagnosis as the gold standard,VTI scores,area ratios and VTQ values of the ROC curve in diagnosis of thyroid malignant nodules were sketched so as to explore the optimal cut-off points in VTI scores,area ratios and VTQ values in the diagnosis of malignant nodules.Results By the ROC curve test,VTI score of 3 was determined as the cut-off point of areas ratio,with the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing thyroid cancer being 96.0 ％ and 94.7％,respectively.There were 34 nodules with VTI score greater than 3 (including 9 benign nodules and 25 malignant nodules) and 10 nodules with VTI score of 3 or less (all benign nodules).Malignant thyroid nodules had higher ratio of VTI images to gray scale image area than that of the benign nodules (1.58 ± 0.18 vs 1.30 ± 0.10,P ＜0.05).When 1.47 was set as the cut-off point of areas ratio,the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing thyroid cancer were 80.0％ and 94.7％,respectively.The VTQ value of 2.76 m/s in diagnosis of thyroid malignant nodules was designated as the cut-off point,with a sensitivity of 88.0 ％,specificity of 94.7 ％.Conclusions The ARFI technique is able to provide information of thyroid nodule hardness,which guarantees its high applicative value in the differential diagnosis of small hypoechoic thyroid nodules.

BACKGROUND: Breast augmentation with polyacrylamide hydrogel injection has been used nearly for a decade in some Chinese medical therapy units. More patients need to be removing injections or a second augmentation due to complications. More attention should be paid for possibility of complications concomitant with breast malignant tumor. OBJECTIVE: Two cases of breast invasive duct carcinoma diagnosed after removing injection were analyzed retrospectively in order to increase the importance of detection rate of breast malignant tumor. METHODS: Two cases in all 41 assembled patients which were removed polyacrylamide hydrogel injections from 82 breasts were diagnosed with invasive carcinoma. The characteristics of medical history, physical diagnosis, image diagnosis and pathological examination were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The detection rate of breast malignant tumor should arise more attention in patients requiring removal of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection. The following aspects should be emphasized such as the comprehensive analysis for the results of physical diagnosis and image diagnosis, tumor-free operation with more samples from suspicious nodules and frozen pathological examination. The principles of cancer surgery should be followed in pathological diagnosed cases in case of iatrogenic metastasis and spread of breast malignant tumor.

Objective To investigate neuroimaging and its correlation with clinical aspects of cerebral palsy (CP).Methods A retrospective study of 295 children with CP was conducted.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) and intelligence testing were administered,and any correlations among these measures was analysed.Results Among the 295 cases,257 presented abnormal MRIs (87.1％) due to brain maldevelopment (n =11),periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) (n =173),cortical/subcortical lesions (n =17),basal ganglia lesions (n =26),cerebellar maldevelopment (n =11) or others lesions (n =19).Thirty-nine presented with normal MRIs.About 26％ were rated at GMFCS level 1,18％ at level 2,17％ at level 3,19％ at level 4 and 20％ at level 5.Almost 82％ of the children presented with brain maldevelopment and 84.4％ with PVL-induced spastic bilateral paralysis.In 41％ of the children with cortical or subcortical lesions,induced spastic hemiplegia was observed,whereas 47％ had induced spastic bilateral paralysis.In 77％ of the children with basal ganglia lesions induced involuntary movement was observed,and all of those with maldevelopment of the cerebellum were ataxic.Most of those with spastic hemiplegic,bilateral paralysis,involuntary movement and ataxia were on GMFCS levels 1 or 2,with only 3.7％,33.5％,64.1％ and 46.2％ respectively on GMFCS level 4 or 5.Among those in whom the MRI revealed brain maldevelopment,9.1％ were on GMFCS level 1 or 2.The corresponding percentage for PVL was 43.9％,for cortical or subcortical lesions 58.8％,for basal ganglia lesions 19.2％ and for cerebellar maldevelopment 27.3％.The balance in each category were on GMFCS level 4 or 5.Epilepsy was most common in the children with brain maldevelopment (36.4％) or cortical or subcortical lesions (41.2％).Mental retardation was most common in cases of brain maldevelopment (45.5％),cortical or subcortical lesions (41.2％) or cerebellum maldevelopment (36.4％).The incidence of epilepsy and mental retardation was higher among the children on levels 4 and 5 than on levels 1 and 2.Conclusions Neuroimaging correlates significantly with the type of CP and GMFCS level.Epilepsy and mental retardation are most common in children with brain maldevelopment or lesions.The incidence of epilepsy and mental retardation is higher among children rated at GMFCS level 4 or 5 than among those on levels 1and 2.

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at high b value for unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusive disease in patients without obvious infarct lesions on conventional MR imaging.MethodsDTI at high b value (2200 s/mm2 ) was performed using a 3.0 Tesla MR scanner in 34 patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion,who had no obvious infarct lesions on conventional MR imaging. Fractional anisotropy (FA),apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC),axial diffusivity (eigenvalue λ1) and radial diffusivity (eigenvalues λ2,λ3) were measured at the ipsilateral and contralateral corona radiata,anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule,cerebral peduncle and pons in all subjects.Mean ADC,FA,λ1,λ2 and λ3 values of corona radiata,anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule,cerebral peduncle and pons were compared between the ipsilateral and contralateral MCAterritory by t test. Results Among the 34 patients,left MCA occlusion in M1 segment occurred in 16 patients and right MCA occlusion in Ml segment occurred in 18 patients.At the ipsilateral corona radiata,mean FA,ADC,λ1,λ2 and λ3 were 0.419 ±0.032,(5.975 ±0.272) × 10 3,(5.704 ±0.365) ×10-3,(6.412 ±0.368) × 10-3 and (6.605 ±0.343) × 10-3 mm2/s,respectively.At the contralateral corona radiata,mean FA,ADC,λ1,λ2 and λ3 were 0.443 ± 0.033,(5.804 ± 0.282) × 10 -3,(5.651 ±0.350) × 10-3,(6.099 ±0.353) × 10-3 and(6.372 ±0.355) × 10-3 mm2/s,respectively.At the ipsilateral corona radiata,mean FA was significantly decreased(t =11.614,P ＜0.01),and mean ADC (t=12.421,P＜0.01),λ1(t =7.447,P＜0.01),λ2(t=10.244,P＜0.01) and λ3(t=9.890,P＜0.01) were significantly increased.At the ipsilateral anterior and posterior limb of the internal capsule,mean FA were 0.609 ±0.026 and 0.674 ±0.033,λ1 were(5.330 ±0.462) × 10 -3 and(5.171 ±0.456) ×10-3 mm2/s,respectively.At the contralateral anterior and posterior limb of the internal capsule,FA were 0.622 ±0.026 and 0.694 ±0.034,λ1 were(5.064 ± 0.448) × 10 -3 and(4.924 ± 0.365) × 10 -3 mm2/s,respectively.Mean FA was significantly decreased (t =7.823,8.013,all P ＜ 0.01) and mean λ1 was significantly increased (t =7.811,8.800,all P ＜0.01) at the ipsilateral anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule.There was no significant difference in ADC,λ2 and λ3 value between the ipsilateral and contralateral sides.And all the DTI parameters,including mean ADC,FA,λ1,λ2 and λ3 values,showed no statistical difference between both sides of cerebral peduncle and pons.ConclusionDTI at high b valuc can provide useful information for visualizing ischemic white matter injury in patients without obvious infarct lesions on conventional MR imaging.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of Undaria pinnatifida polysaccharides (UPPS) on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells and its possible mechanism. Method: The effect of inhibiting proliferation and inducting apoptosis of UPPS were determined by means of MTT and FCM. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins was immunohis to chemcally evaluated after treatment of UPPS. Results: UPPS inhibited HepG-2 cells growth in vitro , significantly higher than the negative control group (P

Objective To investigate voicing changes of adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) before and after H-uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (H-UPPP). Methods 56 adult OSAHS pa-tients and 40 healthy people were included in the study. Acoustic parameters and formant frequencies were measured for each patient before and after H- UPPP, and also for the control group. Results Acoustic parameters: each group demonstrated no differences in all the parameters except for normalized noised energy (NNE). NNE increased after H-UPPP. Formant frequency: F1, B1, F2, B2, F3 of OSAHS patients were significantly lower than normal control. There was no significant difference in the formant frequency before operation and one week after; however, F1 and F2 were lower than the normal control one week after surgery. One month after surgery, F1 and F2 were ob-viously higher than that obtained in one week. All the other parameters compared with normal controls showed no significant discrepancies. Conclusion Acoustic characteristics of adult OSAHS patients were different from healthy person. After H-UPPP, the vocal tracts of patients changed, thus causing improvement to the acoustic parameters and voicing qualities, especially at the formant frequency. After the surgery, the formant frequencies of the patients increased gradually to the range of healthy people.

Objective To analyze the endoscopic features of patients with the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and crural diaphragm (CD) separation and explore its significance in hiatus hernia (HH) diagnosis.Methods From January 2011 to June 2012,the data of patients underwent esophagus high resolution manometry (HRM) examination were retrospectively analyzed and of which the patients with LES-CD separation were selected.Patients who received digestive tracts operation or lack of complete endoscopic date were excluded.A total of 93 cases were enrolled for analysis.According to Chicago Criteria,the cases were divided into three groups.There were 21 cases in type Ⅰ group (LES-CD separation＜1 cm),37 cases in type Ⅱ group (LES-CD separation≥l cm and ＜2 cm),35 cases in type Ⅲ group (LES-CD separation≥2 cm).The differences among groups in endoscopic features were analyzed.HRM were taken as golden standard,the sensitivity and specificity of endoscopy in HH diagnosis were analyzed.Measurement data were expressed as x ± s,one-way ANOVA was performed for multi-groups comparisons,LSD method or Dunnett T3 test for pairwise comparisons and chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for two groups' comparisons.Results There were no significant differences in the distance between esophagus gastric junction (EGJ) and foreteeth of the three groups (P＞0.05).Distances between EGJ and diaphragmatic HH pressure impression in type Ⅲ group,type Ⅱ group and type Ⅰ group were (3.57±0.78) cm,(1.89±0.81) cm and (1.14±0.67) cm,respectively and the differences were significant (LSDt=9.26,11.44,3.57; all P＜0.05).The percentage of continuously-open cardia and showing pressure impression of the gastric pouch of type Ⅲ group was higher than that of type Ⅱ group and the percentage of continuously-open cardia and showing pressure impression of gastric poach of type Ⅱ group was higher than that of type Ⅰ group (80.0％,40.5％ and 4.8％,x2 =11.64,29.76 and 8.59; 91.4％,27.0％ and 4.8％,x2 =30.69,40.73 and 4.32' all P＜0.05).The occurrence rates of the His angle blunting and sac of type Ⅲ group were higher than those of typeⅡ group and type Ⅰ group (74.3％ and 77.1％,24.3％ and 24.3％,4.8％ and 4.8％,x2 =17.97 and 25.41,both P＜0.05),there was no significant difference between type Ⅱ group and type Ⅰ group (P＞0.05).The rates of esophagitis of type Ⅲ group and type Ⅱ group were higher than that of type Ⅰ group (71.4％,59.5％ and 14.3％,x2 =17.14 and 11.15,both P＜0.05),there was no significant difference between type Ⅲ group and type Ⅱ group (P＞0.05).There was one case of Barrett's esophagus in each group.The sensitivity and specificity of endoscopy in HH diagnosis were 91.4％ and 81.0％,respectively.Conclusions The distance between EGJ and hiatal pressure impression,continuously-open cardia,the His angle blunting,hiatal pressure impression of the gastric pouch and hernia sac were important indicators of HH endoscopic features.The sensitivity of endosocopy is higher than the spcificity of endosocopy in HH diagnosis.